Singabongi: sifo kanye nokwelashwa

Iningi lethu ebhekene nesikhathi sokuphila zobuhlungu emalungeni amadolo, kwenzeka uma uhamba, izingcindezi kakhulu, ezemidlalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuhlungu kuhambisana crunching, ukuvuvukala, ukungakwazi ukuhambisa zomzimba. Zonke lezi zimpawu abonisa ukuthi izinguquko morphological zenzeka kwedolo. Kulesi sihloko, sithatha Ebheka asondeze ezivamile isifo sokuvuvukala kwedolo ngokuhlanganyela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa isifo esimweni ngasinye. Sizozama ukubhekana neqiniso lokuthi nakho kunomthelela ukwakheka isifo nendlela ukuxilonga kusaqalwa.

Kuyini ilunga?

Joint - kuba uxhumano lamathambo, okuyothi ngalo skeleton sinikezwe ukuguquguguka, umuntu okwaziyo ukwenza ezihlukahlukene ukunyakaza, njenge:

• flexion / ukwandiswa nemilenze,
• ukuthunjwa / adduction emikhawulweni,
• ukunyakaza ukujikeleza.

Amalunga ihlukaniswa kanje:

• elula;
• emalungeni ezakhiwe amathambo amabili;
• emalungeni ezakhiwe amathambo ezintathu noma ngaphezulu (amalunga omzimba eziyinkimbinkimbi).

Ingaphezulu ilungu ngalinye thambo joint, embozwe uqwanga articular futhi esibonakala ngokuqina umgodi equkethe uketshezi. Ibuye ilandise ngezinto isikhwama articular ngokuhlanganyela, synovium, meniscus - cartilaginous isakhiwo ukunciphisa uthuthumele uma ushayela futhi yokusebenza damper umsebenzi.

Joint elikhulu enkulu yomzimba womuntu yakhiwa joint kwedolo. Lesi sifo kungathinta enye yezingxenye zalo. Kumiswa ngokuhlanganyela amadolo is ngokuhlanganisa amathambo amathathu - kunawo wonke tibia futhi patella, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ivi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhlanganyela amadolo futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu isakhiwo - e inqubo eguqa patella kuhlala i indentation ezakhiwe yokhalo zangaphandle engaphakathi kunawo wonke.

Isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela amadolo

I evele of wonke amathambo amathathu ngokuhlanganyela (patella, kunawo wonke futhi tibia) embozwe uqwanga, sibonga ngalo bunikezwa inqubo beya.

Kusukela ngaphandle egobolondweni lelunga lilinganiselwe - synovium. uketshezi lwamalunga, elisesifundeni capsule lwamalunga, uyasondla futhi Athambisa uqwanga, kusiza inqubo beya, igcina isikhathi eside amadolo onempilo ehlanganyelwe. Nokho, Izifo, kuphakama kuleyo ngxenye kwedolo. Ngenxa izifo noma ukulimala kungenza ukuba babe avuvukele uketshezi lwamalunga, ngemuva kwetinhlavu bursitis.

Amathambo isikhundla isihlobo eqinile komunye nomunye unikeze umsipha, njenge:

• anterior cruciate umsipha,
• posterior umsipha cruciate,
• medial eseduze umsipha,
• yangaphandle umsipha lateral.

Bursae, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi bursitis, nayo ineqhaza lula ngokuhambisa ka ezicubwini ngenkathi ushayela. Ukwabela sabefundisi ezinkulu:

• imisipha ethangeni Bag,
• isikhwama semimembranosus imisipha,
• siqu isikhwama semimembranosus imisipha,
• isikhwama nadnadkolennikovaya
• podnadkolennikovaya isikhwama ezijulile,
• prepatellar sikhwama ongama.

Yini izifo kwedolo nkinga ivame kakhulu kwezokwelapha, ukuwucabangela ngokwengeziwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, uphawu oyinhloko ubuhlungu sokugembula.

Izimbangela ubuhlungu

Ubuhlungu ngokuhlanganyela amadolo kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningana, okungase cishe zib amaqembu amane. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Patella ukwa, contusion we ngokuhlanganyela amadolo, ukwa osteochondral - ie ukulimala.
• kwedolo isifo joint, pathology isakhiwo amadolo, ezinye zazo yilezi:
  • gonartroz - arthrosis ka kwedolo ngokuhlanganyela;
  • zokugula we meniscus - meniskopatiya simila meniscal simila Baker;
  • dysplasia ziboya (condyles) bone;
  • isifo Koenig sika;
  • bursitis emalungeni amadolo;
  • Osgood, Osgood-Schlatter isifo;
  • popliteal tenopatiya et al.

• Pathology kanye nokwethuka amasistimu ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ukuthi ubuhlungu afike akhanye khona ilunga kwedolo. kwezinso enjalo ingenza ukuhlinzwa umgogodla, ukulimala hip, nabanye.
• izifo lefundo, ezifana lupus erythematosus, sikaCharcot arthropathy, isifo Paget sika, fibromyalgia. Ngaphezu zokugula letindzala, ubuhlungu kungabangela isifo sofuba noma isifo saseLyme - ukuphazamiseka ukuthi libhekwa njengenhlangano esithathelwanayo ngokuhlanganyela kwedolo.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa cishe zonke izifo kwedolo kusekelwe ezimisweni eziningana - okudambisa ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala; aqinise amathambo; ukwandisa umsebenzi ngokomzimba. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi kubalulekile ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, ngoba ukubonakala amadolo izifo ngokuhlanganyela neqhaza lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• ukukhuluphala;
• umsebenzi ngokweqile;
• izifo of the system zemisipha - azalwa naso noma bathenga besekhona;
• ezemidlalo Professional;
• yobudala (abantu abadala aba maningi amathuba okuba uhlushwa izifo ngisho namalungu);
• ubulili (female).

Ake sicabangele lesi sifo ezivame kakhulu joint kwedolo.

Kuyini abanesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga?

Endaweni kuqala inamba yezimo ukukhubazeka ezivukayo ngenxa isifo amadolo, kuwufanele isifo ezaziwayo - sokuqaqamba kwamalunga we kwedolo. Pathology kuthinta zonke izakhi ze-knee - the synovium, capsule, uqwanga. In the ukungabikho ukwelashwa okufanelekile arthritis kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwesikhathi samakhono abantu ukuhambisa ngendlela evamile. Kukhona izinhlobo eziningana kungabangela isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga:

• rheumatoid arthritis - ngesimo zokugula, izimbangela zazo bengayiqondi ngokugcwele;
• ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele sokuqaqamba kwamalunga - a zokugula esakheka ngokumelene okwenza yokulimala;
• esisheshayo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga - isifo okuyinto kubangelwa isifo kwezicubu, ngemuva kokuxinwa ubuthi umzimba;
• sokuqaqamba kwamalunga deformans - zokugula kwakhiwa okuyinto ku thuthuva ingemuva kanye ukungasebenzi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi;
• gouty sokuqaqamba kwamalunga - isifo okuyinto kubangelwa yokuphazamiseka umzimba emzimbeni.

Futhi ukuhlukanisa sokuqaqamba kwamalunga okuyinto emalungeni ngenxa yokulimala kwenzeka ngqo, kanye arthritis yesibili, lapho ukuvuvukala iqala nganoma iyiphi izicubu emzimbeni, futhi ukugeleza lymph noma igazi lingena joint kwedolo.

Izimpawu zokugula. Tindlelanchubo ekwelapheni isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga

Ngaphezu ubuhlungu ngesikhathi isifo waphawula ukuvuvukala kanye ububomvu, ngezinye izikhathi kuba ubovu izinqubo ephelezelwa lokushisa lomzimba ephakeme.

Nokwelashwa arthritis ngokuyinhloko okuhloswe ngaso ngempumuzo ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala kanye nokuvulwa motor ikhono joint kwedolo. Lezi zinyathelo izuzwe usebenzisa izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala, yokugcoba sifudumale futhi imithi yokuqinisa.

Imiphumela emihle ekwelapheni inikezwe Physiotherapy, massage, umsebenzi yokwelapha. Mangisho futhi ukuthi lezi zindlela kuyabekwa kuphela inkathi ukuthethelelwa, lapho umzimba ningagcini izinqubo acute ukuvuvukala. Esimeni se-ngongakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu ukwelashwa ngoludala iphendukele ukuhlinzwa.

Ngokuhlanganyela amasu ezivamile ekwelapheni isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, imithi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa imithi yendabuko ngokusebenzisa simila impahla eluhlaza njengoba base yokuthoba, amafutha isithako nomuthi.

Osteoarthritis ka kwedolo

Cabangela esinye isifo lalivamile ka kwamadolo - gonarthrosis. Lokhu kuholela okuvela engavamile emzimbeni ukuvuvukala, eliphumela ukubhujiswa uqwanga izicubu amadolo, ephelezelwa ukusonteka yayo nokuphazamiseka okuhambisana. Isikhathi esiningi sifo eba abesifazane, ikakhulukazi abamele abadala.

I-trigger indlela ukuvela izifo bangaba izifo ezihambisana - samathambo, waphuka, ithambo ngokuhlanganyela, isimila izinqubo.

Lesi sifo ngokuvamile kancane. Pathology eba kancane, futhi ekuqaleni, uphawu oyinhloko gonarthrosis may kuphela ubuhlungu kalufifi ezinzima ukuthi kwenzeka ngemva isimo ukuphumula. Lapho ushayela ubuhlungu amuke, kodwa-ke, ngemva ukuphumula, ke kuyabuya. Njengomthetho, e gonarthrosis osteophyte zenzeka bemisipha, okuyiqembu ezinyakazayo ukukuthinta izicubu uqwanga. Ngenxa ngomshikisho kwenzeka ukuvuvukala endaweni amadolo, le reddens isikhumba kwakhiwa edema.

Ingabe gonarthrosis zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Izimbangela yezifo kwedolo esimweni sokuqala akuyona cacisa ngokugcwele, ngemuva sokuthuthukiswa sifo kungaba yini comorbidities kuphela, kodwa age nje umuntu omdala sika. gonarthrosis Secondary - phetho kwedolo ukuhlukumezeka ehlanganyelwe noma inkinga yezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Indlela eyinhloko e sitholakele gonarthrosis kubhekwe-X ray. ukwelashwa okulondoloza kuhilela nokuqedwa ubuhlungu, ezisetshenziswa analgesics. wamafutha ekhethekile esetshenziswa zokususa edema. Ezimweni eziphambili osteoarthritis lapho uqwanga libhujiswa esizeni, ukwenza kokungenela kuhlinzwa - endoprosthesis. Kulokhu, joint amadolo bese kufakwa ukwakha yokufakelwa, evumela ukubuyisela cishe ngokuphelele motor umsebenzi.

Meniskopatiya

Meniskopatiya - isifo esakheka e umzimba abantu, abagijimi, akuxhomekile ubudala. izimo ezikahle ukuze kwakhiwe izinqubo sokugembula ezihlobene izifo - sifo, samathambo, isifo sikashukela. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo neqhaza ukhuluphele futhi ebuthaka amadolo nemisipha.

I meniscus - isakhiwo ekhethekile, okuyinto kunciphisa umthwalo joint ngesikhathi ezinyakazayo. Hlukanisa menisci kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle. Ngokwezibalo, owokuqala kabana esingaphansi yesibili.

Uphawu oyinhloko iziguli ukubonakaliswa sifo kuthiwa ngokuchofoza emalungeni nedolo okwalandela ubuhlungu obuhlabayo. Mangisho, izitho zomzimba womuntu kangangokuthi esemncane meniscus yakhe ayegcwele ketshezi, ngakho ubuhlungu kwenzeka uma meniskopatii - abukhali futhi eqinile. Ngo ngaphezulu ukuguga kancane ubuhlungu. Ngaphezu ubuhlungu, kukhona ukuvuvukala, nobunzima ezihambayo.

Indlela ephumelelayo ukuxilongwa nge-MRI meniskopatii kubhekwe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho enquma degree of umonakalo meniscus. Lapho usizi noma pinching isilinganiso esanele ingumuthi olandelanayo. Nokho, uma kudingeka ukuba aphule ukuhlinzwa meniscus.

parasynovitis

Periarthritis - isifo nemisipha kwedolo. Nokho, isifo kungathikameza ezicubwini. Imbangela sifo iningi advocate izifo concomitant, Ukungadli ohlelweni endocrine, okuphindaphindiwe hypothermia, kanye lezitsha yenkinga.

Periarthritis livela ubuhlungu zomile, nokuvuvuka kwedolo, ukwakha uphawu, ukuthi ubuhlungu imbangela lapho sicindezelwe. Iziguli ukubika ubuhlungu lapho uhamba.

Abesifazane ziyizidalwa ekhethekile zokugula - periarthritis izinyawo izikhwama likhale sika, lapho avuvukele imisipha yangaphakathi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kungekho ukuvuvukala, akukho ukusonteka we ngokuhlanganyela. Lesi sifo kuyalithinta kuphela uma ugqoke izicathulo ne High Heels noma uma ushayela phezu evele engalingani.

Periarthritis - amadolo isifo joint, okuyinto ukwelashwa kuphumelela kuphela uma ukuhlonza yayo ngendlela efanele usaqala.

Ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle eye yatuswa ukunciphisa umsebenzi motor, phumula ngokwanele. Siza ukumisa ubuhlungu izidakamizwa nonsteroidal, njengokuthi "Diclofenac" Physiotherapy.

Tendinitis we ngokuhlanganyela amadolo

Tendinitis ka kwamadolo - ubulwelwe lapho abavusa umsipha izicubu endaweni ukunamathela ithambo. Kukhona isifo kubantu umzimba nabaphuza abadlali professional, kanye izingane nasebekhulile.

izici Evumayo sokuthuthukiswa sifo kungaba:

• encishisiwe imisebenzi zokuzivikela futhi kwempilo ukusebenza emzimbeni;
• ukungalingani of the system zemisipha;
• ukuhlukumezeka noma ukulimala of kwamadolo;
• ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba;
• izifo fungal.

Tendinitis singenzeka ngomlenze owodwa noma kokubili kanyekanye. Kulokhu, joint ethintekile ngokuvamile iyaphendula yezinguquko sezulu - kukhona ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, creaking lapho ihamba.

Ukuze sitholakele zokugula isicelo iqoqo izifundo, konke kuncike, lapho kwakuvela tendinitis. Ngokwesibonelo, uma zokugula is khuphela sebethule nosawoti, kulula ukuhlonza esebenzisa-X ray. Uma tendonitis kwaba ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo, isilinganiso ngempumelelo ukuthola lesi sifo yilabo izifundo laboratory.

Izindlela nokwelashwa tendinitis kuxhomeke nesigaba lesi sifo. Ekuqaleni, izindlela eziphumelelayo kukhona olandelanayo - imithi (imithi non-steroidal nge nomphumela eqeda ukuvuvukala), Physiotherapy - odonsa electrophoresis. nomphumela omuhle ekwelapheni amadolo ngokuhlanganyela inikeza i-yoga. Lapho egijima Yiqiniso lesi sifo, kokungenela kuhlinzwa.

rheumatoid arthritis

rheumatoid arthritis - iyisifo letindzala lapho ezicutshini is abavusa. Izimbangela ngqo lesi sifo ungazange sezisunguliwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iqembu ingozi kuhlanganisa nabantu ufuzo okubi, futhi labo amasosha omzimba aphansi. Khulisa amathuba isifo hypothermia njalo, ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Ukugula kuzibonakalisa kokubili amadoda nabesifazane, kanye nendaba yokukhula akuphazamisi izibalo kwesifo.

lesi sifo kungaba ngibiza kokuphumula. rheumatoid arthritis ingekho angesabi ezinsukwini noma emasontweni ambalwa ezayo, futhi ithuthukisa kancane kancane. Konke kuqala nge umuzwa ukuqina idolo ngemva isimo ukuphumula eside (isib ngemva kobusuku lokuphumula). Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungase kubonakale emizweni ubuhlungu ezithinta joint kwedolo. Tifo letibangwa lolu hlobo kwenzeke izigaba eziningana. Ukuze isigaba lesi sifo ngasinye zinezikhathi izimpawu zabo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa ezivamile sifo kuzo zonke izigaba ukuthuthukiswa kuwuphawu ezibuhlungu.

Komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane lesi sifo. ukuhlola

Ekuqaleni, endaweni kwedolo avele ukuvuvukala, induration, ubuhlungu uphawu kwenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokushisa emzimbeni womuntu liphuma khona.

ukuqhubeka samathambo kuhilela synovium - ke uba ngenxa division of the amaseli asebenzayo ukuvuvukala.

Lapho izimo ezithuthukisiwe lesi sifo kwenzeka umonakalo ithambo izicubu, bese uqwanga. Kunezindlela eziningi ubuhlungu, kukhona amadolo ukusonteka ngokuhlanganyela, ukuhlukumeza motor yakhe umsebenzi.

rheumatoid arthritis - isifo kunalokho esiyingozi, uma ingelashwa, kuba ukukhubazeka kwenzeka, futhi kwezinye izimo - Ukufa komuntu. imiphumela Okufanayo kwenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga ezinzima, onikeza lesi sifo nezinye izinhlaka kanye nezinhlelo - ekuthuthukiseni ukwehluleka kwezinso, ukusakazeka kwe-izinqubo ezithathelwanayo.

Sitholakele isifo kusekelwe amasu amaningana:

• luhlolo lwangaphandle, esiza ukukhomba izimpawu ezifana nokuvuvuka kwedolo, isikhumba ububomvu, kusobala sengozini ngokuhlanganyela;
• ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali igazi;
• X ray.

Ubuhlungu uphawu samathambo siqedwa usebenzisa izidakamizwa ne nonsteroidal umphumela anti-inflammatory. Uma indawo okuvela kuyo amazwi isifo lihlotshaniswa ukusabalala ukutheleleka emzimbeni, imithi ngokweqile zifana nokuthela ebekiwe. Lahla ubuhlungu kusiza massage njalo futhi abonise umzimba zokwelapha.

bursitis

Bursitis - isifo sokuvuvukala Bursa (bursitis). Pathology kuwumphumela edolweni, kanye umsebenzi unomphela ngokuhlanganyela ngenxa ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba esindayo. Bursitis kungaba ngenxa yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngenxa yalokho ukuvuvukala oketshezini lwamalunga aqoqana isikhwama nge microflora enobungozi. Kancane kancane kwedolo ebangela ubuhlungu, ne ingcindezi phezu kwedolo njengomuntu ahlangabezane ukungakhululeki, umuzwa nokuqina lapho ushayela. Emhlabeni ngokuhlanganyela kwakhiwa ukuvuvukala appreciable, izilinganiso ongafinyelela 10 cm. Iziguli bursitis waphawula ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukucobeka, kwezinye izimo, kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa komzimba. Bursitis Symptomatology kakhulu efana nezinye izenzo izifo amadolo, arthritis ethile. Nokho, kukhona omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi lezi pathologies ezimbili. Bursitis walondoloza motor umsebenzi kanye nekhono flexor futhi extensor ukunyakaza.

Ngaphezu ukuhlolwa ezibukwayo, ukwenza olunembile ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa lwemithi abanekhono usebenze wokubhoboza - uketshezi eyanele kusukela sac ucwaningo.

Izigaba sokuqala lesi sifo aphendule kahle ekwelashweni. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukulibopha, ezisonga ahlukahlukene, nesineke embhedeni ukuphumula kuboniswa. Uma lesi sifo isidlulile ku esigabeni okungamahlalakhona, kubalulekile ukususa uketshezi zanqwabelana kusukela nedolo ekamelweni ukugeza.

Ukuvuvukala Kwamalunga futhi Paget sika isifo

Ukuvuvukala Kwamalunga - isifo okuyinto eyenzeka ngenxa iziyaluyalu umzimba urinary emzimbeni nomfutho ophakeme uric acid. Izici ezandisa ingozi yesifo zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okweqile inyama kanye nenhlanzi, kanye notshwala.

Ukuvuvukala Kwamalunga ogxile kwenzeka ezingabantu. Izifo owabonakaliswa ubuhlungu obuhlabayo, reddening kwesikhumba endaweni joint kwedolo. Ngo imisipha kwakhiwa Izigaxana emelela accumulations ka uric acid.

Ukuvuvukala Kwamalunga kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini usebenzisa kwamakhemikhali igazi ukuhlaziywa futhi-X-ray. Phakathi ukwelashwa ngaphezu imithi isiguli ezinqunyiwe olukhethekile lokudla (ukudla ukudla kuhlanzekile okusezingeni eliphezulu e purine), ebekiwe ukuphumula ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.

Ngo isifo Paget kwenzeka normal bone ekwakhekeni, okuholela amathambo sikhubazekile skeleton babe ziyaqothuka kakhulu.

Pathology ngokuvamile sithinta amathambo eside wemikhawulo aphansi, okubangela ubuhlungu emadolweni. Ukugula ikakhulukazi ukhathazekile amadoda, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile.

Ukuxilonga izifo akulula, ngoba kukhona izimo lapho isiguli akusho uqaphela izimpawu zokugula.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa igazi amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, okuyinto ebukhoneni sifo emzimbeni Ukhombisa okuqukethwe lelitfutfukile enzyme ethile - phosphatase. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukuqhuba isifundo-X-ray.

Ukwelashwa kuhilela ukunciphisa lezo zinkinga elibangela isifo Paget sika. Umsebenzi yokwelapha - kakhulu ukuqinisa amathambo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuthatha amalungiselelo equkethe calcium. Uma iziguli Paget sika isifo kufanele ukulandela ukudla, ukwenza imishanguzo umzimba umsebenzi ukugwema ukulimala engaholela waphuka.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sasiyihlanganisa izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo eziyisisekelo ezithinta joint kwedolo. Tifo letibangwa kwedolo, Nokho, empeleni ahlukahlukene nakakhulu. Zonke lezi zifo eziningi kuhlanganiswe izici ezivamile - pathologies ahlangabezane ukuqina ukunyakaza futhi ubuhlungu endaweni lesi sifo ngokuvamile kuba khona ukuvuvukala. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa izifo, kubalulekile ekuqaleni ukuze kuqashwe impilo yabo, ukudla ngendlela efanele, ukugwema ukwakheka pathologies somzimba letindzala, hhayi ukuletha umzimba esimweni ukukhuluphala.

Ngesikhathi izimpawu zokuqala zesifo hhayi ulibale umkhankaso uchwepheshe, ngokuba ekuhlonzweni zesifo - isihluthulelo nokululama kwakhe ngokuphumelelayo.