Shade-isihlahla ehlathini: izici kanye nencazelo emfushane

Kuzo zonke biomes ingxenye elikhulu insimu zezwe lethu ehlathini. Izinkulungwane amakhilomitha walendlala amahlathi belusizi of siluhlaza AmaConifers. umthunzi kuphela isihlahla ukubekezela isithwathwa ehlathini uyakwazi ngokudlulisela isamba enganele ukukhanya nokushisa, ukuze isici kule zoni.

Izici izitshalo ehlathini

Ngesisekelo izimila ehlathini siqukethe zezihlahla. Ziyakwazi sithunywa kakhulu kunomoya, libhekene ehlobo lamafisha nesithwathwa ebusika. Nenhlabathi zivaliwe ayikajuli, akukho isikhathi ukuxoxa ngoba ehlobo, ngakho-ke kuvame ngaphansi ungqimba top eyiqhwa. ihlathi lezihlahla welula bangaphezi ngokusebenzisa ezisezansi, emaxhaphozini, amagquma namagquma. Kubi, inhlabathi nenzalo embozwe ukhaphethi moss. Ngaphansi obukhulu isihlahla imiqhele acishe never zingene yelanga, ngakho asikho nezihlahla, akukho utshani ngaphansi kwalesi kombhede cishe hhayi okhula.

Shade-isihlahla ehlathini

Isici esikhethekile kwamahlathi coniferous kukhona inhlabathi, hhayi ahlanganiswe izakhi kanye humus. Isizathu wukuthi izihlahla conifer elachithwa izinaliti yabo kungavamile ngakho, futhi kuthinta kumiswa kwenhlabathi. Ukungabi bikho umoya singakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga ngaphansi kwezihlahla ukudala nomswakama eliphezulu. izimo Good ezikhulayo kulezi moss uyakwazi iyavuleka esiningi amanzi, okuholela izindawo waterlogging futhi Peat ekuqongeleleni.

Kukholakala ukuthi iningi umthunzi esihlahleni ukubekezela isithwathwa ehlathini - ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu. Kodwa futhi hhayi kahle ikubekezelele ngokweqile elangeni fir lemisedari. elangeni ngabo nje enhlekeleleni. Lezi zitshalo ezingaba koda, isb. A. Still in "ebuntwaneni" ngenxa yayo umthunzi-ukubekezela, ayakwazi ukuba azixoshe kweminye imithi.

sonwele eSiberia

Kuyinto isihlahla nenhle ukuthi ine uhlobo efanele Isigaxa enkulu nge ithiphu abukhali. Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi ngokumangalisayo ezikhulayo ngaphansi kombhede aminyene nezinye izihlahla. Emfushane, izinaliti olulodwa ahlelwe ezinabantu kakhulu futhi zingase ziphile iminyaka 7. Siyabonga kubo, amagatsha badla cishe ungaphuthelwa imisebe yelanga. afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye kakhulu ku umswakama inhlabathi kanye ukubunjwa yayo kuyinto umthunzi ukubekezela isithwathwa isihlahla ehlathini. Ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi ngeke sikhule ku ezomile futhi ngimpofu inhlabathi kwengoma. I engavamile kulezi kwezihlahla ukuzwela kwabo okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuba frost, okuyinto zenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemva kwesihlahla kukaKhisimusi isikhathi ukukhulula amahlumela amasha. Basuke zilinyazwa kalula yisithwathwa futhi yomile.

Leli hlathi sonwele cishe akukho nezinye izinhlobo isihlahla ezingeke ukuthuthukisa ngenxa shadowing eqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idla walondoloza kahle. Yiqiniso, izihlahla zikhule ongaphakeme, ngaphandle nibonakala efana isambulela, umqhele kubo okuxekethile, amagatsha nomzimba omncane, okuyinto zitholakala kwi ezingavamile omfushane izinaliti. Lapho enganele kwelanga engokwemvelo kwakunezigqiki ezithambile cishe hhayi kukhiqizwa, okwenza ekuthuthukiseni ugodo. isitshalo enjalo kunzima ukunquma yobudala. Fur-isihlahla, okuyinto esingaphansi ukuphakama ukukhula kobuntu, kungase kube iminyaka engu-50 noma ngisho 70. Kuyinto umthunzi ukubekezela isithwathwa isihlahla ehlathini, 3 izinhlamvu igama lapho zonke izingane uyazi, kubhekwa omunye izitshalo ezivame kakhulu amahlathi ethu.

umsedari

Lena isihlahla esinamandla, ngezinye izikhathi sifinyelela phezulu 40 metres ubude, futhi umqhele esakaza ezilele eziningana. Amagatsha embozwe eside, eqoqwe izinyanda 5 izingcezu izinaliti umbala aluhlaza. Famous for umsedari yayo Izigaxa ezikhula ngokuvamile engxenyeni eyayibaluleke umqhele. Isihlahla esesikhulile angaletha isivuno kuze kufinyelele 1500 Izigaxa isizini ngayinye. nati Pine - uswidi yangempela ngenxa yabaningi zasehlathini. Ziyakwazi namagundane udla futhi ezincane, nezilwane ezinkulu, ezifana, isibonelo, Brown Bear. Ukudala indawo yokuhlala ephephile, izilwane eziningi zisebenzisa izimpande enamandla ukuthi umthunzi ukubekezela isithwathwa isihlahla ehlathini. Burrows owawugujwe izimpungushe, minks, izimbila ngaphansi esakaza imisedari ubudala ungathola omningi. Ububi Lesi sihlahla kuthiwa sesineminyaka kuphela inkathi fruiting kwenzeka kuphela eminyakeni 40-50. Ukuze uthole izihlahla zezithelo, abakhileyo ehlathini kufanele wenze kufuduka ngokwanele ezinkulu.

Ukhula Othandweni ehlathini kuthiwa ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zemithi ziya izitshalo ukukhanya-onothando ngaphezulu. Kulaba bafundi, fir kungathiwa eyodwa ngaphezulu umthunzi esihlahleni ukubekezela isithwathwa ehlathini. Olive, elisetshenziswa azithathwa shelterbelt Nechernozemie, nezinye nezihlahla, birch, e-aspen, laziwe kubo bonke larch kanye pine - bancamela okwanele, ezindaweni libalele.