"Revolver" (isibhamu): umlando, incazelo, izici

"I-Nagan" iyisibhamu esakhiwe izikhali ezivela eBelgium ngabazalwane u-Emil (1830-1902) noLeon (1833-1900) yi-Nagans. Lezi zikhali zenziwa emazweni athile ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX - phakathi kwe-XX. Kwakusetshenziselwa ukuvikela ibutho.

Umlando wendalo

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, amazwe amaningi acatshangwa mayelana nokuvuselelwa kwamabutho abo. Ngalezo zinsuku, i-revolvers yayinezifiso eziphakeme: isibhamu saso esifushane esivinjelwe sasihlanganisa lula okulula kwedivaysi, ukuthembeka nokukhokhwa okuningi. Ukugxila kokukhiqiza izikhali zaseYurophu kwakungumuzi waseLiege, oseBelgium. Kusukela ngo-1859 umshini kaLeon no-Emil Nagan basebenza lapho. Kwakuyi-workshop encane yomndeni, lapho izibhamu zaseDutch zilungiswa khona, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezibhamu zathuthuka.

I-revolver yokuqala eyingqayizivele yanikezwa umfowethu omdala u-Emil ukuze ahlolwe emnyangweni wezempi waseBelgium. Kwaqunyiwe ukuyisebenzisa njengesiphathimandla kanye nesikhali sephoyisa esingekho esithunyelwe, esibizwa ngokuthi "umvukeli we-model 1878". Le pistol ye-9-mm ngo-1878 yayinamadijithi ayisithupha. Yayihlomele "idivaysi yomthelela kabili": i-trigger yayiboshwe noma ngesandla somcibisholo, noma ngokucindezela i-trigger.

Izikhulu zamasosha ezingabathunywe, abagibeli bamahhashi nabasebenzi abasizayo ebutho laseBelgium bakholelwa ukuthi i-Nagan yayiyisibhamu esiphezulu! Ngempela, ngeziqondiso zobuholi baleli butho elinesibindi, isibhamu se-Nagan M / 1883 se-Nagan M / 1883 sakhiwe ngezimfanelo zokulwa ezizimele ngamabomu: umklamo unenxenye entsha, engabandakanyi ukudutshulwa "ngokuzibophezela". Mane nje, lapho kudutshulwa kulesi sampula, kwakudingekile ukuqhuma ngemuva kokudubula ngakunye.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwaphinde kwenziwa amanye ama-2-3 ukuguqulwa kobude obuningi bokulinganisa nobude. Ngemva kwesikhashana, u-Emil Nagan wagula kakhulu futhi waphelelwa ngokuphelele. Manje umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuthuthukisa idivayisi uthathwe nguLean Nagan.

Isampula ka-1886

Ngakho-ke, sifunda ngokuqhubekayo i-Nagan. Ibhuloho lika-1886 lalilinganiselwe kancane kunabangaphambi kwalo. Kwakungokwethenjelwa kakhulu, futhi ukuklama kwaqala ukusebenza ngobuchwepheshe. Kulesi simodeli kudivayisi yokudumala, iziphethu ezine zithathelwe indawo eyodwa kabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo omusha ucabangela ukuqhutshwa kwezikhali ekuthuthukiseni izikhali ukuze kunciphise ukulinganisa: ochwepheshe bakhetha okwakuthandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, umthwalo we-7.5-mm nge-powder engabhema.

Inkinga ebaluleke kunazo zonke abaqambi be-revolvers okudingeka baxazulule ngayo ukungena kwamagesi e-powder abe yigebe, okwakusungula ukuphela kwesigubhu kanye ne-breech ye-trunk.

Isibhamu sesibhamu saseBelgium uHenri Pieper sithole isisombululo senkinga yokuvalwa komzimba: inqubo yokuqalwa kwakhe ngaphambi kokuba kudutshulwe udubhu phambili. U-Henry revolver wayenomklamo okhethekile, kulo mqulu wawufihliwe ngokuphelele emikhondeni, umshini wecala le-cartridge wawukhishwa njenge-obturator, owasakazwa izibhamu ze-powder futhi waxoshwa esiteshini esincane ngesikhathi se-volley - lesi senzo sasivimbela ukuqhutshwa kwegesi.

Le mithetho, ngokulula okumangalisayo kwedivaysi ephoqa umgqomo emgqonyeni, yayisetshenziswa nguLeon Nagan ngo-1892. Ngaphansi kwesibonelo esisha se-revolver, waqala ukukhokhwa ngemikhono ehlome isikhathi eside. Yini i-Nagan yaphenduka? Le pistol manje isibe isibonelo esihle, futhi amamodeli alandelayo awazange athole izinguquko ezibalulekile ekuklanyeni.

Idivayisi

Bonke abahlubuki baseNagan babe nesisekelo kanye nezakhiwo ezivamile:

• I-trigger effect effect kanye ne-trigger idivayisi ikuvumela ukudubula bobabili nge-cocked cocked futhi self-cocking. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa kukhona "amasosha" futhi "okungekho emthethweni" amamodeli angaphambi kokuguqula, lapho indlela yokuzibophezela ivinjiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali.
• Isakhiwo se-monolithic esingenakususwa.
• Umnyango uvula amakamelo okugubha ngokuphendukela kwesikhashana. Okuwukuphela kwesampula 1910, lapho umnyango uguqa futhi ukhulula isigubhu esiphendukela ngakwesokudla.
• I-trunk isendaweni eyimpumputhe yokufika, ihlolwe kuhlaka.
• I-ramrod, efihla endaweni yokulwa ehlangene nomgubhu. Ngemuva kokuba kuqedile ukudubula kwenziwa umsebenzi we-extractor - uphonsa amakladiji asetshenzisiwe.
• Idivaysi isendaweni bese ivaliwe ngesembozo esiphezulu.

Idrama yenza imisebenzi yombili umagazini kanye nekamelo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Esikhathini sesampula esasakazeka kakhulu ngo-1895 futhi lapho kuhluka khona okuningi idrub iqukethe amacala angu-7. Eqinisweni, umgodi ongenalutho wesigubhu ufakwa efreyimeni elivela ngaphambili futhi uqondiswe kuwo nge tube ramrod. Le tube ithalwa phambi kwegubhu: ihlanganiswe entanyeni yomgqomo ukuze ijikeleze kuyo njenge-axis. Amasampuli, lapho idramu iqhutshelwa khona emgqonyeni, owokuqala unendlela yokubuya, efaka ithubhu yidramu kanye nentswasahlobo.

Isikwele sokugqoka isimbolo sinamathele ngakwesokudla kwesakhiwo. Umsebenzi walo wenziwa umnyango ophethe intwasahlobo. Uma ivulekile (eceleni), kungenzeka ukukhipha nokukhokha isikhali. Uma umnyango uvaliwe, uvala ikamelo ngaphandle kokuyeka ukushaja, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuthi isigubhu asikwazi ukuphendulela ngokuzenzekelayo.

"Ukulwa kukaNagan" kwidubhu kunezidleke eziyisikhombisa nezindawo eziyisikhombisa ezidingekayo ukuze kuqhutshwe umnyango endaweni evulekile nevulekile.

Ngokuvamile, indlela yokwenza i-revolver ngokuyinhloko iqukethe izingxenye ezisebenza njengendlela yokukhiya, ijika futhi iqhube isigubhu emgqonyeni: i-slider, i-breech, i-trigger nenja nomthombo wokulwa. Inombolo ifaka indlela yokwethusa

Ngendlela, kulezo zinsuku, amadivaysi ayehlanganisa inhlanhla ebekwe engxenyeni yangaphambili ye-trunk kanye nenhloko, ene-slot ehlose phezulu kwesakhiwo. Ngokuphelele, idivayisi ye-revolver ka-1895 inamakhi angu-39.

Idivayisi yokudabuka-ne-trigger

Lesi sikhali sine-kurk yesenzo esiphindwe kabili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklamo wesenzo esisodwa se-USM nawo wakhiqizwa. Le divayisi inomshini ohlangothini lwe-trigger, ehlanganiswe ne-spring plate spring - iphindwe kabili, isesibambini.

I-whisper ye-revolver yenziwe kanye ne-trigger. Ayikho fuse, kodwa uma ungacindezeli i-trigger, into ekhethekile ngeke ivumele umhlathi ukuba uxhumane ne-capsule. Uma i-trigger ikhiphekile, isebenzisa isimiso esikhethekile sokukhiya, esenza isigubhu sesikhali sithumele phambili. I-hook ye-Trigger ngalesi sikhathi izomisa isigubhu ukuze ingaguquki.

Izakhiwo ze-Ballistic

Iyini ukunemba kwe-revolver "Nagan"? Kulesi sikhali umbono ohleliwe uhlelwa ibanga elingama-25 m. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kulesi siqephu lapho iphuzu lokuhlobana lihambisana nephuzu eliphakathi lokushaya. Izikhala ezahlukene zingaziqhayisa amaphuzu ahluke ngokuphelele:

Ibanga, m		Kusuka ku-stand		Ngezandla
11		4.0		7.0
I-18		5.6		9.0
25		7.2		13th
36		11		19
50		14th		-

Amandla Okulwa

I-punch of pine amabhodi ama-2.54 cm ubukhulu kusuka kwamamitha angu-25 kuya ku-5 (i-metres angu-25) ihlolwe ukujezisa: amabhodi amathathu - izinhlamvu eziyi-100%, amabhodi amane - 70%, amabhodi amahlanu - 25%. Amapulangwe afakwa ebangeni elingu-8 cm komunye nomunye. Ibhodi elilodwa lihlatshwa ibanga elingamakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili (140 m).

Ukukhiqizwa

I-Russian Izhevsk Factory Factory manje isenza i-revolvers ephakeme kakhulu. Kodwa imodeli yesiSweden "Nagan" ka-1887 yenziwa eBelgium. Ngokuthakazelisayo, isampula se-9 mm ka-1878 sidunyiswa ibutho laseBelgium. Lokhu kwabangele ukuphakanyiswa kwegama lomkhiqizo we-Nagan factory emakethe yomhlaba.

Le pistol efanayo, eyadalwa ngo-1895, kanye nokuhluka kwayo, yakhiqizwa yizibhamu eziningi emhlabeni wonke, okuyi-Factory Weapons Weapons Factory eTula, i-Polish factory arm e Radom, iJalimane Enel eSuhl, iBelgium Lepage, I-Francot "ne" Bayar "," i-Arizmendi-Goenaga "eSpain nabanye.

"Nagan" esitokisini sebutho laseRussia

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, uMbuso WaseRussia waba nesibindi esikhulu sabasosha bawo. Isibhamu sikaMosin, esakhishwa ngo-1891, sasikhethwa njengezinga lezikhali ezincane. Ngalezo zinsuku, izibhamu zaseRussia zazimelela isampula esingaqediwe ngokomthetho wesibhamu sika-4.2-line (10.67 mm) sikaSmith-Wesson III, esakhiwe ngo-1880.

Ngisho nekhomishana yokukhiqiza izibhamu ezincane, eholwa uLieutenant-General N. G. Chagin, ixhunywe ekufuneni amamodeli athembisayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zidingo ezilandelayo zafakwa kwi-revolver entsha yezempi:

• Isenzo sokumisa esimangalisayo se-bullet. Ngalezo zinsuku, uhlobo oluyinhloko lwamabutho lwamahhashi, ngakho-ke isibhamu esendaweni eqondile (kuze kube yizinyathelo ezingu-50) kwakuwukushaya ihhashi.
• "Ibutho lempi" kufanele liwanele ukushaya isikhwama samapulangwe angu-4-5-intshi. Ubukhulu buncane (0.82-0.92 kg).
• Isikali, isiqondiso, inombolo, iphrofayili yokusika kwe-trunk kanye nokunye okunjalo kufanele kufane nemingcele yebhamu le-Mosin tri-linear. Ngakho-ke, lapho udala ukuvukela, ungasebenzisa isibhamu soguqu.
• I-revolver ayikwazi ukuhlonywa ngedivayisi yokuzibophezela, ngaphandle kwalokho ukunemba kwayo kuzonakele.
• Ukuvinjelwa okuyisisekelo kwehlamvu kufanele kube okungenani 300 m / s.
• I-revolver kumele ibe nokucacisa kahle komlilo.
• Kubalulekile ukuthi idivayisi ibe lula futhi ezobuchwepheshe.
• Isikhali kufanele sithembeke, singacabangi nakwezinye izimo zokusebenza ezingcolile, okulula ukulondoloza.
• Imikhono ayinakukhipha ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngokuhlukile.
• Indlela yokubona kufanele iklanyelwe ukuze i-trajectory ye-bullet ikwazi ukuwela umzila wokubona kude nezinyathelo ezingu-35.
• Isigubhu kufanele sibe namacala angenani ayisikhombisa.
• I-cartridge yayizoba nesibhamu segobolondo, umkhonto wendwangu yethusi kanye ne-powder engekho.

Ngokuvamile, ukususwa ngokuzibophezela nokukhishwa kwe-cartridges okudutshulwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunqatshiwe ngoba kunzima ukukhipha idivayisi (lokhu kwaba nomthelela omubi ekuthembekeni nasezindleko ze-revolver) futhi kwaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhali ngokweqile.

Emncintiswaneni wamemezela kanye nokuhleleka okungahle kube khona, izikhali zasekhaya nasezizweni zangaphandle zibonisa ukuthi zinesithakazelo esikhulu. Kwasungulwa amasampula amaningana e-Smith-Wesson, e-revolvers nase-autopits. Ekugcineni, izibhamu zeBelgium uHenri Pieper zaqala umkhankaso omkhulu nesampula M1889 "Bayar" noLeon Nagan nge-M1892. Ngendlela, isibhamu sesimanje se-pneumatic "I-Nagan Gletcher NGT" yikhophi eqondile yemodeli eyinqobe le mpikiswano.

U-Leon Nagan uphuthukisa umkhiqizo wakhe ngokulinganisela kwamaRussia angu-7.62-mm. Njengoba ngo-1883, waqeda umlilo ozenzekelayo, wehlisa ikhwalithi yezikhali ngokuvumelana nezimangalo zomncintiswano.

Okuphelele, kwaphakanyiswa ukuhlukahluka kokubili - abavukeli abayisithupha nesikhombisa. Imodeli ye-Piper yenqatshelwe ngenxa yedivayisi enkulu futhi engathembeki. U-Leon Nagan unqobe umncintiswano, mhlawumbe ngoba wayenezixhumi eziningana emnyangweni wezempi waseRussia.

I-Nagan ye-patent ye-revolver yaphula inani lama-ruble angu-75,000. Akakwazanga ukuthola le mali, njengoba enqatshelwe. Okulandelayo kwakufana nokufana kabusha, kodwa ngezimo ezicashile. Manje, ngaphezu kwemingcele, ibhonasi yanikezwa: ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili okwakhiwa kwezikhali nezinkulungwane eziyisihlanu zokuklanywa kwecala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lowo oyinqobe kwakudingeka anikeze inzalo yakhe ebukhosini obugcwele bukahulumeni waseRussia, owathola ilungelo lokukukhiqiza kokubili ezweni lakubo nakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kokukhokha kumsunguli.

I-Piper emncintiswaneni yabonisa ukuthi i-revolvers esanda kusetshenzwa kabusha isetshenzisiwe esiyingqayizivele. Ikhomishana yababheka ngokuthi "ayifanele, kodwa yindoda." U-Revolver SI Mosin onemiphongolo eyisithupha naye akazange amukelwe. Ukuqedela kudivayisi yesibhamu sase-Nagan kwakubalulekile kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa okuqhathaniswa nokwenza isikhali sikaSmith sikaWesson 4.2, futhi idivayisi yamukelwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emva kokuhlolwa kwezempi amaphoyisa afuna ukuthola umvuthwandaba onomthelela ophindwe kabili nomlilo ozenzekelayo.

Ikhomishana yabuyela ku-self-cocking version yesampula, kodwa ayizange ibone impumelelo yayo engenamkhawulo, ngakho-ke yanquma ukuthi izibhamu zaseRussia Kufanele kugcwaliswe nalabo abavukela umbuso: ukuzibophezela ngokwezikhulu, kanye nezinduna kanye nezikhulu ezingekho emthethweni - hhayi ukuzicindezela.

Le divayisi yenziwe izinguquko ezincane ezimbalwa futhi yamukelwa entwasahlobo ka-1895. I-holster ye-Nagan yalesi simodeli yayiyindwangu. Kwakunomgogodla wesikhumba kanye ne-ramrod yokuhlanza izikhali.

Umhlaka-13 Meyi 1895 umyalo kaNicholas II "isikhulu" nesampula "amasosha" wesibhamu "i-Nagan" yamukelwa ibutho laseRussia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngomnyango wezempi lesi sikhali samukelwe ngokomthetho ngoJuni 1896.

Ukuguqulwa

Ukukhathazeka kakhulu ukuthola imvume yesikhali esiphikisiwe - kubalulekile ukudlula amakhonsathi amaningi. Futhi abaningi abakwazi ukwenza lokhu, ngakho-ke abantu bathola i-pneumatics. Kodwa ngeke siphazamiseke futhi sibhale amasampula we-revolver emangalisayo "i-Nagan". Lapha kukhona:

• I-Nagant M1910 iyisikhali saseBelgium esimweni se-1910. Unesizinda esisodwa esisodwa samasondo webhodi.

Amamodeli wokulwa:

• Isosha "Nagan" yisikhali esiyingqayizivele sekhulu lama-20 ngensimbi ekhishwe amandla-engeyona eyakhe amandla. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo kuphelile ngo-1918.
• "I-Nagan", eyenzelwe izikhulu, ifakwe idivayisi yokuzibophezela ngokwabo.
• Ebusuku bezimoto zokuqala zeMpi Yezwe Lokuqala zenziwe ngamabutho emngcele ngamanani amancane: i-carbine ene-butt ebalulekile kanye nomgqomo wamamitha angu-300 ubude kanye ne-revolver ene-butt ekhishwayo kanye nomgqomo owandisiwe kuze kube ngu-200 mm.
• "I-Nagan", eyenzelwe abalawuli, inguqulo ehlanganisiwe ye-revolver eyenzelwe ukugqoka. Umgqomo wayo uncishisiwe ube ngu-85 mm, futhi isibambo sincishisiwe. Isampula yasungulwa ngo-1927. Yakhishwa kuze kube ngo-1932 ngamabhantshi amancane. Ingqikithi engaba ngu-25,000 izingcezu zale mikhiqizo. Amaphoyisa e-OGPU kanye ne-NKVD ahlomile ngalolu hlobo.
• Amabutho e-reconnaissance-sabotage battalions ngo-1929 ibhasi lika-silencer lalinesisetshenziswa sokudubula "Bramit", esingafaki ukubonakala kwelangabi. Kuthuthukiswa ngabafowethu IG noVG Mitin.
• I-Nagant wz. 30 - izikhali ezidalwe ngu-Nagan ngo-1895, ezenziwe yiPoles. Ukusuka ngo-1930 kuya ku-1939 kwakhiqizwa kancane edolobheni laseRadom esitolo sezandla. Ngokuphelele, iPoland yakhiqiza izingcezu ezingu-20 000 ze-revolver "Nagan" zamasampula amabili: Ng wz.30 noNg wz.32.

Izibonelo zezemidlalo ziyizikhali zekhulu lama-20

Le mikhiqizo ezimangalisayo:

• Ukuqeqesha isibhamu Nagant-eSmirna ngoba ukuqeqeshwa, ithuthukiswe 1926. umklami Its A. A. Smirnsky. Kusukela ngo-1925 kuya ku-1939 unyaka mikhiqizo ekhiqizwa 3,500 izicucu ngaphansi 5.6 mm rimfire kwenkokhelo.
• "Nagan" isibhamu wadala for lo mdlalo ngo-1953. umklami Its VA Paramonov. Lokhu isampula lalikhishwa 1956 kuya ku-1966. Ubude 8220 izingcezu MC-4 kanye MC zavezwa-4-1.
• TOZ-36 - yezemidlalo izingalo ngo-1962 eneminyaka engu isampula. Le modeli yakhelwe EL Haydurov.
• TOZ-49 - isampula isibhamu ngo-1972, kwenziwa i-sport. Its yakhelwe EL Haydurov. It wafinyeza sigubhu ngaphansi mfushane igobolondo 7,62H26 mm.
• TOZ-96 kuyinto inketho ukuthekelisa TOZ-49 ngaphansi icala .32 S & W Long Wadcutter. It ekhiqizwa kusukela 1996.

Ezemidlalo nokuzingela onobuhle

Manje bheka izikhali amasampula alandelayo:

• Carbine KR-22 "Ukhozi" uyisibonelo ngokushaja ukuguqulwa .22 LR. Lokhu isibhamu "isibhamu" ayihlomele emgqonyeni yinde 500 mm, bokhuni ukhuni ibhodi lemisindo Butt integrally inkatho. Lo mkhiqizo ukala 2 kg. Ukwenza kube waqala ngo-2010.
• Pistol "Thunder" uyisibonelo ukuguqulwa, ekhiqizwa inkampani Ukraine "SBM". Lokhu ezemidlalo isibhamu ngaphansi ophethe 4-mm Flaubert esidalelwe ukuqeqeshwa.

izikhali ukuzivikela Civil

Uyini "Revolver" kuhlasimulise negesi? Ngo kowezi-2000, ukuhlukahluka eziningana zalokhu amavolovolo zakhiwa, ekhiqizwa ngokushintsha ukulwa "Naganov".

1. Ngo-Russian ukukhiqiza izikhali ukuzivikela ezilandelayo: P1 e ukuhlukumezeka "Naganych" ngaphansi ophethe 9 mm R. A. HPE-502 "isibhamu-M" ngaphansi icala 10H32 mm T ngaphansi imali yesevisi e ukuhlukumezeka RS 10H23 mm T.
2. E-Ukraine, igesi kukhiqizwa ukuhlukumezeka nama-pistols, "iqembu lamabutho nomyali '," ngamasondo 1 R "," D-Nagant "amafushane" SKAT 1Rk "futhi" Revolver Russian Federation. "
3. air isibhamu "Nagan Gletcher NGT» ezenziwe e-USA. Lokhu igesi cylinder twin isibhamu edume.

Ngenxa izidingo zobuchwepheshe kanti kudivayisi isikhali, siqhumisa zenjoloba, kwakukhona izinguquko evimbela sezikhali ngokudubula.

Esiginali (umsindo) onobuhle

• HPE-503 "Nagan-S" ( "Bluff") - isignali isibhamu ngaphansi cap "Zhevelo". Made Vyatskiye Polyansky "Molot" isitshalo ehlobo lika-2006.
• "Revolver MR-313" (Nagano-07). Kulesi isampula, uma iqhathaniswa 'Bluff "Ushintshe stem cap kudivayisi (y stub entsha wabuka eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu). Le modeli ifakwe ezincane-ubukhulu isiqu, ayiyikuphuma phezu ifreyimu nenombolo ye-serial ku breech umgqomo yokugaya Uhlaka ekhiqizwa cha.

"Nagan MR-313" ifakwe isigubhu, ogama inombolo akusho tente inombolo uzimele. isibhamu emikhonweni ngaphansi "Zhevelo" is akucindezelwe emakamelweni, kanye screwed ku intambo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngo-2008, "isando" ukukhiqizwa yalezi nenganono waphenduka futhi zayiswa Izhevsk izingalo endaweni yokukhanda.

• P-2 - i- isikhali mkhosi ngaphansi cap "Zhevelo", imodeli esilandelayo ngemuva "Bluff" futhi MR-313. Umenzi iyona Ukukhathazeka Kalashnikov.

Ekugcineni, uma lazy kakhulu ukuba uthole imvume ngezibhamu (hhayi abantu abaningi abafana imicikilisho), ungakwazi ukuthenga ezemidlalo "Nagant" ngaphansi ophethe Flaubert. Lezi imikhiqizo wadubula elikhulu, ngokuphelele ukuvikela izinja ehlangeni angadingi imvume yokuthenga egqoke.