"Revolver" (isibhamu): Ukucaciswa kanye ukuhlela kabusha yesimanje

Ngo Psychology, kukhona test ngokuthi "afanayo associative" - lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu uthi igama noma ukubonisa isithombe, futhi kufanele ngokuthi igama elihlobene ne ukumelwa yakhe into. Ngokwesibonelo, "nonogwaja" - "Wolf", "imvula" - "bahlanganisa". Futhi iyini inhlangano kwenzeka abantu ngegama elithi "isibhamu"? Uma ebuzwa lo mbuzo izakhamuzi US, impendulo kungase kube, "iSmith and Wesson", futhi kusukela abantu ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union ungezwa impendulo eyodwa kuphela - isibhamu. Revolver - The Legend of izizukulwane eziningana. Zonke sici amafilimu mayelana wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi, mayelana ezigebengu futhi abomthetho - asetshenziswa wonke isibhamu. Zonke abafana, abafundi, ubabonise ukuthi isibhamu ziyaphawuleka, akazange anqikaze bathi lokhu isibhamu, futhi adubule namanje ucelwe.

Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi izidingo ukusebenza izici isibhamu

Ngokomlando, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye impi Russian akakungenisanga gunsmiths wendawo iDemo izingalo ezifihlakele sife. Ngaleso sikhathi, wasebenzisa isibhamu "iSmith and Wesson", okuyinto yamukelwa kahle empini Russian-Turkish, kodwa isisindo sayo kanye nokusebenza enamandla kwesokunxele okuningi okufanele oyifunayo. Ukuze izwe okungukuthi njalo ezimpini, ukuvikela imingcele yayo esuka ekuhlaseleni Amabutho esitha, kwakudingeka self-cocking isikhali nomlilo ngaso amafushane. Russian bamabutho okuhleliwe ithenda enkulu sekuyisikhathi sokuthi wonke izikhali umklami eYurophu. Umsebenzi Kwakungelula, kodwa yingenxa lokhu isibhamu (isibhamu) kwaba enkulu kunazo zonke zomkhiqizo womhlaba futhi usezuze yetinsita phakathi Ongoti izikhali. Kwakukhona nalabo phakathi kwabo:

1. Revolver kufanele nge 35 amamitha ukuyeka ihhashi, noma nge ibanga elifanayo ngezibhakela a intshi amabhodi isigamu-kweshumi.
2. Isivinini nomlomo kumelwe abe amamitha ngomzuzwana okukhulu kuka-300.
3. isibhamu mass akumele leqe amakhilogramu.
4. I osezingeni kumele kube imisho emithathu - 7,62 mm phezu amazinga amasha.
5. Drum umthamo kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kuka-standard ngesikhathi inezinhlamvu eziyisithupha.
6. yasetshenziselwa ongenantuthu neziqhumane, futhi njengoba kwento okufanele zethusi emikhonweni isicelo.

Ukuze abakhiqizi phambili inombolo enkulu yezidingo, kodwa ikakhulukazi echaza izici ukusebenza izikhali ezikhona, eye yasetshenziswa ngamabutho ezempi ibutho Russian.

Zobuqili savvy gunsmiths Belgian immortalized yokudalwa amakhulu eminyaka

gunsmiths Belgian Leon futhi Emile Nagano ngenkathi kakade athuthukile nesibhamu. Nokho, ukuvuleka kwayo isibhamu kwaba 5,45 mm, futhi inezinhlamvu eziyisithupha nje kuphela ama-drum. Abafowethu baya kusiza - ukwenza ezimbili kweshumi nenganono, babanika kuya Russian Tsar, zonke izikhonzi nezinduna zempi. Yamathenda ukuze gunsmith ukukhetha yaphela, futhi baqala. Ngisho eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ukwethula nenganono gunsmiths European ayikwazanga beat uhlelo isibhamu, "isibhamu".

Ukuze afeze zonke izidingo ikhasimende, abaklami kwadingeka ukudala isigubhu entsha ngoba imizuliswano eziyisikhombisa futhi ukwandisa ubukhulu inhlamvu, usebenzisa emithathu endleleni iziqu ngezibhamu. Wagcwalisa zonke nemibandela yesivumelwano, abafowethu Nagan iminyaka emithathu edayisa nenganono amabili ayizinkulungwane ibutho Russian futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa isibhamu ku Tula Arms Plant.

gunsmiths Belgian futhi enikeziwe ezimbili izinguqulo indalo yakhe. Kancane ekushintsheni idivayisi isibhamu, zenza kanjalo manje ngevolovolo kungaba nokuzibona cocking indlela, kanye manual ukusetha kabusha inhlamvu. Lolu shintsho abathintekayo intengo nesibhamu. Ngakho, leli sosha labona ukuthi abavamile obekumele cocking umunwe ngesikhathi elwa, nezikhonzi wathola self-cocking sikhali.

odumo Umhlaba iminyaka eminingi

Ngemva kokutadisha umdwebo Patent Naganov isibhamu, iyiphi gunsmith kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Ngemva ngevolovolo kudivayisi "isibhamu" kulula noma iyiphi esincintisana efanayo. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana, US izindawo, i-Ningizimu Melika naseYurophu baqala ukuvela elinegama elifanayo nge encishisiwe osezingeni isibhamu nezinhlamvu zesibhamu. Nokho, wonke indlela iyafana kakhulu ne-Tula isibhamu - isibhamu. Izithombe ezithathwe izintatheli kwaphela ikhulu leminyaka, kuyasiqinisekisa ngalokhu:

1. Self-cocking inhlamvu indlela, wona wasusa isando ngokudonsa inhlamvu.
2. Monolithic, hhayi alo Uhlaka ngevolovolo.
3. Shompolnye tube kule sikhundla labadubuli kubuyiswe ngaphakathi eksisi sigubhu.
4. Screwed ku ifreyimu ngesikhathi eziyize emgqonyeni kokwehla.
5. Yonke labadubuli indlela igibele e uzimele futhi ivale ikhava esikhiphekayo.
6. ongenantuthu ezisetshenzisiwe powder.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sibonga ukuthandwa okwandayo ngevolovolo emhlabeni futhi, ngokufanelekile, nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, Kwaba khona futhi nesikhamo lesikhumba holster ezinkulu nesibhamu. izincwadi zomlando zibonisa ukuthi ezikhathini imperial holster wayengekho. Nokho, uma sikhuluma ngevolovolo ukukhiqizwa eSerbia, kwabonakala kuye futhi holster kuyinto, kahle ukuthi iRed Army esetshenziswa.

Izintandokazi Isikhali izigcwelegcwele nabaphangi Red

Uma sibheka umlando, noma kungaba incwadi, ibhayisikobho noma ividiyo obubhalwe kwasekuqaleni, ungakwazi aqokomise yokuntuleka okunezinhlobonhlobo elikhulu izikhali belligerents. Machine gun "Maxim", Mosin sokuzingela, futhi ethandwa kakhulu isikhali - isibhamu. Revolver likhona ngesikhathi amasosha nhlangothi zombili kokungqubuzana. Noma yimuphi lempi waqinisekisa izikhali ezincane empini, cishe ukuthola izinhlamvu ezidingekayo izikhali zakhe ukulwa. Ukuze ulwe udinga izikhali, izimpahla ke nokuqina yayo. Futhi uma ucabangela ukuthi lo yokuhlanza kanye kwazo isibhamu "isibhamu" senziwe isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, lokhu kungase echaze kungani wayithanda bonke ababambe iqhaza empini.

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, eningi kanye ethile kuphela kwaba yinkimbinkimbi ngevolovolo ngokucindezela okwabangela shot umkhiqizo. kalula efakazela ngokudubula ngezandla ezimbili ngesikhathi esifanayo kungamanga ngaleso sikhathi. Bheka inqubo efanayo kungaba ifilimu "Ingafinyeleleki Avengers".

Isikhali kangcono SMERSH

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi yezwe yesibili kuze kube-Cuban missile Inkinga 1962 gunsmiths Soviet lenqwaba amavolovolo nenganono ezakhiwa, bazama kuthuthukiswe emibuthanweni ezempi. Ake sithi misfire phakathi labadubuli isivivinyo nganoma uhla ke ayikaziwa Tula Tokarev 7.62mm isikhathi eside washaya laboratories sezandla endaweni yokukhanda. Nokho, njengoba ayeke wavela ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, i-TT isibhamu 7,62 mm isibe isikhali ozithandayo izigebengu, sibonga wentengo ongaphakeme, nokuqina kakhulu futhi enamandla amakhulu futhi elimazayo.

Abaholi balezi wombuso, GRU intelligence officer, izinhloli kanye NKVD yayinelungelo kwabo isibhamu best in the world. Gun "isibhamu" usebhekene ukulungiswa eziningi. Belingana isibhamu ezivamile Museum zingatholakala isibhamu nge silencer kanye ilangabi arrestor abasebenzi Smersh kanye GRU. Kuze kube manje, abaqoqi izikhali kufunwe isibhamu-carbine, okuyinto besihloselwe amabutho umngcele futhi avunyelwe ukuba alwe at uhla olude.

isikhali Izintandokazi yempi ngesikhathi sokuthula

Ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili zonke izikhali esetshenziswa amasosha empini futhi bathunjwa isitha, esemgwaqweni emadepho lempi republic eziningi zaseSoviet. Izwe ukwakha nokuthuthukisa kokubili ngokomoya kanye nemidlalo. Kuyinto ngenxa ukuthuthukisa umdlalo eU.SSR umcabango isibhamu "isibhamu". Uphenyo ex-zamasosha njengoba enye indoda yatshela ukuthi target ukudubula isibhamu engcono kakhulu nesibhamu. Uma ucabangela ukuthi namathathu banesifo esibi wayesevele ngaphansi ukuthuthukiswa isibhamu osezingeni 5.6 mm (ngaphansi amandla okubhubhisa), futhi wadedelwa inani elilinganiselwe. Calibre 5.6 mm ngokubukeka armourers Russian Kwakungekusha, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-ngevolovolo "iSmith and Wesson", ojenene Russian amazwe ezazivela ngaphandle.

Baziqambela yini entsha asizange kuphela ushintshe imiphongolo nezigubhu. Ngakho kwakunabantu abangu-e ezemidlalo ngokudubula amakilabhu nenganono "isibhamu", nge ubukhulu 5.6 mm. Kwangena trehlineyki, iguqulwe ngu ubukhulu 5.6 mm, lithole ifektri wokugubha TOZ, ngokuthi abantu "melkashki". Ukunemba okuphezulu, ukufinyela aphansi kakhulu, ukugcinwa lula futhi enkulu sextant ububanzi - izici ezenza isibhamu (isibhamu) kanye abadobela wazalela sokuzingela ingasatholakala kwezemidlalo amakilabhu nezikhali amabutho yangaphakathi.

Shintsha ibhokisi lokuthikha phezu isibhamu ngesikhathi kwethulwa

Akwaziwa eyayinecilongo umqondo esikhundleni ifulege ekuqaleni igagasi abagijimi on shot kusukela isibhamu, kodwa njengoba isibhamu kokuqala e yonke imincintiswano wasebenzisa isibhamu. Ukuthuthukisa-yalolucwaningo 30 ngaphansi ubukhulu 5.6 mm Ukugunda lapha. Igobolondo washintsha ngokuphelele Zhevelo, owawungumnyaka amandla anele ukudlala shot okukhulu. Uhlelo usebenzisa Zhevelo iguqulwe ukuze ukudubula flare, ngakho-ke sasingekho futhi isignali isibhamu "isibhamu". ke kuzonyamalala emakethe ngaphambi kokuwa kweSoviet Union yaba ngokugcwele ekukholweni abantu ukuthi nenganono, esikhathini esingeside esidlule. Kodwa ngevolovolo lalingabulawa kalula balwela ukuthola indawo iqoqo yangasese.

Uma ubheka, iminyaka eyikhulu ke yadalwa isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa ukushintshwa ngevolovolo, okuyinto, kokuba izici ukusebenza ezahlukene, isetshenzisiwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Nokho, inhlamvu indlela esivela ngevolovolo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ayikashintshi nhlobo.

izikhali Obungapheli njengoba isinyathelo nenqwaba ngevolovolo

isikhali Ezinhle, izuza hhayi kuphela ezinganekwaneni, kodwa futhi uthola abalandeli abafuna ukuthenga ngokwami ngibe izikhali abadumile ngokomthetho. Yilokho kanye sidaliwe kuhlasimulise isibhamu "isibhamu". zenjoloba Calibre lase linciphe endinganisweni 5,45 mm, njengoba ne 7,62 mm zenjoloba ngokuhle kuhloswe namanje avunyelwe ukumisa ihhashi. Futhi, ukunciphisa amandla kokumisa ka emgqonyeni isibhamu yisona kakhulu mfushane, futhi kusukela isibhamu isibhamu wangena niche smoothbore izibhamu. ukuguqulwa okunjalo izikhali edume ayikuthandi abalandeli, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka analogue kwadingeka ukuba saneliswe yilokho esinakho.

Ukuthandwa isibhamu esicindezelayo ukusebenza namanje eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu esibuhlungu, efana yokuqala, namanje Sidubula ngezithukuthuku powder amagesi, kubalandeli of ngevolovolo lokulwa isikhali kule nguqulo kuyigugu ngaphezu kwezimpahla isibhamu ukuthi Kuphendula umoya onomfutho. Sifike ngesikhathi ebonakala ngesikhathi esifanayo a womoya isibhamu "isibhamu" usengenza abathengi akazange akhohlwe nakancane bayakhohlwa izikhali edume.

Shoot - ngakho ukudubula

Adume Izhmash Ukukhathazeka, okuyinto sibonga emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa yibo bonke ukukhiqizwa Kalashnikov ukushaya izibhamu, kusukela ngo-1942, wahlanganyela zokukhiqiza kanye sesimanje isibhamu "isibhamu". Eqinisweni, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II Tula Arms ifektri waxoshelwa Izhevsk. Futhi ngesikhathi kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ngenxa ukuthekelisa kwezikhali kwamanye amazwe, inkampani kakhulu iqhaza lawo.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili ezithile zanamuhla ke kwaduma kakhulu ukusebenzisa emoyeni ngezibhamu. Womoya isibhamu "isibhamu" yashesha amakhasimende ayo kanye nabalandeli. Ngaphandle-ke kufana kakhulu nokuphela yokuqala yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kodwa uthole ukucwaningwa okuningiliziwe kuyabonakala ukuthi isibambo okuhlanganiswe onomfutho igesi isilinda. Izindonga umgqomo, ngokungafani kuya yokuqala odongeni mncane kakhulu has isiginali efanayo isibhamu "isibhamu" kwelinye izinguqulo ngaphambili.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana abaqoqi

Isidingo ngevolovolo, eduze ngangokunokwenzeka original, akuzange kulunciphise phakathi abaqoqi. Manje asikwazi ukusho ngokuthe ngqó ukuthi kungani umkhankaso isibhamu isignali "isibhamu MP-313" uquqaba, ngaphandle kokukhuluma abaqoqi bodumo. Acela ukugaya nenombolo ye-serial, okubangela phezu bomdabu inhlamba laser eziwuphawu 'iBaikal' zalesi sihlahla, umenzi uye bancishwa isibhamu zomlando eziligugu, iyadumaza ngalendoda ukuthola isibhamu. Ukubona ukuphendula emakethe ukuze isikhali omusha, Iqembu useshintshe ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa. Ngakho kwaba khona isignali isibhamu "isibhamu P-2". Ukushiya serial inombolo kanye bomdabu mshini, logo ifektri isendaweni ngemuva isibhamu.

Njengoba usuyitadishile omubi ikhasimende izibuyekezo wazala emgqonyeni, umenzi wenqaba ukushintsha ubukhulu sangaphakathi nomlomo emgqonyeni. Umonakalo isibhamu ukuze bazivikele kokudubula izinhlamvu zangempela wadubula ngezindlela ezimbili - sigubhu Wasted abafika kwabangu-10 mm, unezela ngaphansi Zhevelo ufaka futhi umgqomo ngokusebenzisa ifremu ohlangothini lwesokudla futhi ifakwe big pin yamba. I ububanzi pin 8 mm is eziphothene sesihlahla futhi sanded ngokucophelela phansi kanye onqenqemeni.

Kodwa lokho Flaubert?

Flaubert osezingeni igobolondo nge 4 mm ngokuchaza pool ukusheshisa namandla powder amagesi engakaze baziswa kule FSU. Ngezinye akekho lokuqala kungenzeka bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphansi igobolondo Flaubert sika ayidingi izimvume ke 4 mm ubukhulu wavuswa ukuhleka. Kodwa zibhekene nezinkinga okwandayo ijubane sokuqala ichashazi ngezibhamu womoya, lapho kuphakathi kokuthi ingcindezi isilinda iphansi, noma entwasahlobo akuyona ngokwanele eqinile abathengi banake eseyintsha. Futhi ukubukeka uhlelo isibhamu, "isibhamu" chambered ngoba Flaubert nomthelela ekwandeni e sifuna isibhamu kangaka ezingalweni emakethe.

Kwaba impi isibhamu ukuthi ayivumeli ukubulala noma zilimaze umuntu, siqhumisa amachashazi ngezithukuthuku amandla powder amagesi futhi ayidingi kwemvume iziphathimandla. Kuyinto nje iphupho. ukuthenga Ezinhle - I-iqoqo yasekhaya izikhali, kanye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphandle.

Nagan futhi Modding

Banikezwe mkhuba kwekhulu lama-21, singabona ukuthi phakathi abanikazi isibhamu ukuguqulwa ezidumile zemikhiqizo, kokubili zibukeke ngcono ukusebenza izici. I sesimanje eyizwa okokuqala ngqa isibambo ngevolovolo. Ngenxa impahla esetshenziswa izinkuni ezibaziweyo, PCB, ingilazi organic ngamaphetheni dummy noma insimbi nonferrous. Ukuze ngokunemba kanye nokuqonda ngokudubula isibhamu kungenziwa ifakwe Butt ukusonga. Le isixazululo ngeke ukudubula emoyeni, futhi ukugcizelela, efana isibhamu, okuyinto ewusizo phakathi nokuqeqeshwa sokudubula.

Ukuze uthuthukise izici ukusebenza eyasungulwa laser, optical noma collimator zokungcebeleka, kuyasiza ukuze uthuthukise ukunemba. Esiqwini ukukhwezwa okokunciphisa umsindo, okuyinto ungumbonisi nokulingana kakhulu ngesikhathi kokudubula, ukunciphisa umthelela zero. Nakuba ukuhlukahluka on isihloko sesimanje isibhamu eziningi, akukho kuyodlula isampuli lokuqala edume isibhamu "Nagant" ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye.