Ramps labakhubazekile: kuyinsakavukela. Emthambekeni kummango labakhubazekile

Ngo-2009, ezingeni wombuso, kwanqunywa ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngezinkinga abakhubazekile. Imithethonqubo liyasho ukuthi kufanele zonke izakhiwo ifakwe ukuze bakwazi ukuthola abantu akunakubangelwa ukuhamba kungagcini, okuhlanganisa abasebenzisi sabakhubazekile.

Ukuphuthuma inkinga

Bambalwa abantu abacabanga yokuthi 10% wabo bonke abantu - ikhutshaziwe. Kulokhu, 1/3 wabo Ungahambisa kuphela ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile. Kodwa kukhona abantu emgwaqweni kuyinto evamile. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko - ukwehluleka banal ukushiya indlu, okuyinto by design akayinekezi kummango ngoba izihlalo zabakhubazekile.

Okwamanje, lezi zakhiwo kufanele yini kuyo yonke indawo, okwenza kube nzima ukuphila Ikhutshaziwe. Ngisho ezakhiweni ifakwe zingakubonisi njalo zivumelana kuyinsakavukela. Abanye baze babiza amabhodi kummango, zilahlwe izinyathelo, kodwa lokhu akwamukelekile. Amapharamitha lokhu design, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, kudivayisi ukutholakala, imibhalo zokulawula ukuthi ucacise izimfuneko ukubukeka kwayo kanye nemishini.

imithetho esungulwe

Ezingeni zomthetho, kwatholakala ukuthi izindlu nezinye izakhiwo asondele ramps labakhubazekile. Kwezinkambiso izilungiselelo zabo zichazwe isethi okhethekile imithetho. Zisuke zisho ukuthi abangenalwazi kumpambuko eqondiswa izakhiwo ezinkulu setha engela. Ngokusho imithetho akufanele idlule ku-10%. Ngakho, ukutholakala idivayisi kumele kube eside futhi emnene kunoma sabakhubazekile Yayintininiza ngokuzimela kuso.

Omunye umehluko kusuka kwamanye amadivayisi kummango ukufinyeleleka (ephinde zihlanganisa ramps, kummango) wukuthi kuba nhlangothi zombili ifakwe handrails. Ububanzi isakhiwo wathi kufanele kube hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1 m at ukunyakaza sohlangothi olulodwa.

Kuyadingeka ngezinto okungezona ezivuthayo kuphela ukwenza ramps labakhubazekile. Amazinga siyavuma ukuthi inkathi umlilo kufanele okungenani amahora ama-2. Kule kuyacaca ukuthi izakhiwo lokhuni noma kunjalo ayikwazi ngokuthi eyakhelwe.

Ukubeka amadivayisi ukufinyeleleka

Ukukhuluma ngelungiselelo kwezakhiwo kubantu abakhubazekile, kwasekuqaleni kufanele sinake engela ukuthambekela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokusentshenziswa isilinganiso edingekayo lift lemali nobude ingxenye okuyinto izodlula nangakuwe ebusweni ezintweni ezingafanele. Okungukuthi, ukuze ukuhlomisa kungenzeka yokungena esihlalweni lift for ukuphakama 10 cm, ibanga kufanele kuphawulwe obuphelele 1 m (100 cm) bese uqale ukwenza nomklamo walesi sigaba. Kulokhu, emthambekeni kummango labakhubazekile kuyoba 10% (10 cm 100 cm).

Ukuze usungule ukutholakala idivayisi kuyadingeka kuzo zonke izindawo lapho umehluko ezingeni mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 4 cm. Ekuqaleni ngamunye ingxenye lift kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa platform, ububanzi okumele luhambisane kumpambuko nokuba ubude mayelana 1.5 m.

Ngamunye kummango mashi ivumela ekhuphukela ukuphakama 0.8 m Slope ke kumele singeqi ubude obuphelele isilinganiso 1:12 nawuphakamisa kumuntu ukuphakama 0.2 m -. 1:10. I transverse ukuchema kuzo isakhiwo ovunyelwe afinyelela 2% (1:50).

Enye yezimfuneko zokusinda ngoba ramps kanye nemishini iyona ukufakwa skirting. Bafanele ezindaweni lapho ukwakhiwa akuyona eduze odongeni. Bumpers zenzelwe ukuvimbela ilele off ukuthutha. Banezinhliziyo ukuphakama 5 cm. Uma ukuklanywa we kummango akuyona Kucatshangwa, kungenzeka onqenqemeni buqamama esibekiwe kusukela indawo ephindwe ukunamathisela noma ipayipi.

Futhi nakanjani kufanele ifakwe handrails futhi ramps labakhubazekile. Imithetho afune ukuba benze double. Phezulu kumele uye ukuphakama 0.9 m, phansi -. 0.7 m Ukuze izingane zasenkulisa yobudala kuyadingeka ukuze uyibeke ezingeni 0.5 m.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi handrails kumele singeqi ubude kummango ohlangothini ngalunye cm okungenani 30, kube isiyingi nge ububanzi 3-5 cm (kubhekwe ukuba ukhetho ekahle, bheka isigaba 4 abadala kanye 3 cm - izingane). Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi komzila babe njalo futhi kuhambisana kobuso kummango, ikhumbula zonke nomklamo walo eziphambili.

Okungenzeka ukufakwa ukuhlukahluka

Esimweni ngasinye isakhiwo kummango kumele yakhelwe ngamunye. Kwezinye izimo kubalulekile ukunikeza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izinto zizoshintsha, kwabanye - isidingo ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa. Kunezimo lapho wesitimela kummango ayidingekile. Ngakho, asikwazi ukusetha uma ukuphakama ephakamisa lingaphansi kuka-15 cm, ukuthambekela engela akuyona angaphezulu kwangu-8%, kanye nomklamo obuphelele - 1.8 m.

Lapho imishini kumadivayisi ezifana lungeneke Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke amamitha 6-10 ummango mashi edingekayo endaweni zihlalo. Uma umklamo ingeqi ubude 10 m, kungenzeka ukuba zibuye zelaphe.

Kubhekwe ububanzi kahle 0.9-1 m. Kuyinto efanelekayo eyodwa ukufinyelela traffic. Uma ifakwe design, okusho indlela ekabili womgwaqo, ububanzi kumele kube mayelana 1.8 m. Uma iphrojekthi engabondli abakubo ukufakwa handrails phakathi ukutholakala izindawo, futhi siyashintsha engela kummango okufanele uhambe ngayo. Amazinga liyasho ukuthi umklamo onjalo kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi ukuthambekela kuyinto 1:15 (noma 6.7%). Phela sabakhubazekile abasebenzisi bazokwazi ukubamba kuphela wesitimela olulodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi engela ukuthambekela kufanele lube sezingeni elingenza ke akahambe aye phezulu noma ezansi ngaphandle kosizo.

ramps babhekwe

Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke izakhiwo ingafingqwa amadivayisi bavame kuyatholakala. Kwezinye izimo udinga ukwenza ngokwezifiso imiklamo ngemiklamo ekhethekile. Sebenzisa ezindaweni lapho kungekho kungenzeka lobuchwepheshe ukwenza ramps ezivamile labakhubazekile. Izinkambiso ukuklama kubo cishe ningagcini, kodwa uvumele ezinamasondo ukungena esakhiweni oyifunayo. Ngokuvamile akhiwa ekuthatheni isinyathelo nebantfu labakhubatekile.

Ngakho, isakhiwo okungezona zokulawula nobubanzi kuze kube 85-90 cm, izinhlangothi kufanele eyibutho kummango. Siyokuvikela abakhubazekile ukuba bangawi bese ukusiza ukugcina lapho ephakamisa. Yenza wathi kudivayisi unformatted zokufinyelela asphalt noma itshe izindlu. Lezi izinto ukunikeza traction elilungile kanye ukuvimbela falling.

isakhiwo babhekwe ngokuvumelana izincomo imiphakathi ingakhubazeka ngaphansi nokuchema 15% (kumkhawulo omkhulu - 18%). Kodwa wavumela ukufakwa izikhungo ezinjengalezi kuphela ezimweni lapho umakhi noma umnikazi we sakhiwo elibanzi akunakwenzeka ukwenza izinto ngendlela ehlukile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi kumpambuko ingeqi ubude eyiminyaka 7 amamitha. Abantu abakhubazekile nge izandla engumqemane akwazi ukugibela ngokwakho.

Ngo izakhiwo zokuhlala, isakhiwo lapho izihlalo zabakhubazekile kudingeka ukufinyelela (isibonelo, i-Social Security abaphathi, abaphathi idolobha, njll), avunyelwe ukwenza ramps ezihlanekezelwe. Phakathi izinyathelo saziso uqedile, okuyinto bayovuka indoda esilahla stroller. yangaphakathi ezitebhisini ububanzi kumele kube cm hhayi ningi than 30, ngaphandle kwalokho ezinye strollers ngeke ukwazi ukuba kudlule. Bumpers ngaphakathi kumpambuko (sabakhubazekile abhekene necala ithuba uthole esiteji) kungukuthi ezidingekayo.

Uma uhlela ukwenza bedivaysi abatholakalayo ezitebhisini akhona (ugcwalise ingxenye yabo ukhonkolo), kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi emthambekeni kummango labakhubazekile kuyoba 30% lokube izitebhisi zangaphandle nokungu-50% - ngaphakathi.

ngokwezifiso design

Kwezinye izindawo, esikhundleni ramps setha iziteshi. Kodwa njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, lokhu kwenza akukho mqondo. amasondo Abaningi sabakhubazekile phambi asondele kakhudlwana kuka ezingemuva, ngaphezu, ukubekwa yabo incike hlobo locingo. Ngakho-ke, ukubeka iziteshi kangangokuthi angabangela badlulisele noma iyiphi sabakhubazekile akunakwenzeka. imiklamo okunjalo Uvunyelwe emakhaya, kufanele akhiwe ukuze stroller ethize.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uyibeke ukuze ungagxambukeli abantu abavamile. Uma ezitebhisini lincane ngokwanele (njengoba kunjalo ezinhlotsheni eziningi izakhiwo zokuhlala), kungcono ukwenza akude noma kummango ukusonga.

ezicashile ezibaluleke

Ngokukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe enkantolo ukuthi izinto zizoshintsha. Kuyadingeka lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho kukhona ushintsho isiqondiso kummango. Ububanzi izingosi ezinjalo kumele zilingane ububanzi ramps ezimbili, inqobo akusiyo ngaphansi kuka-150 cm Uma Ukujikeleza 90 ⁰ ububanzi span, okuhloswe ukuze ujike, kufanele sibe ngaphezu kobubanzi kummango kanye nokujula - .. Kusuka 140 cm Lokhu kudinga kancane ukwandisa pad.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda, kanye ne indlela ramps Kunenkolelo maqondana emnyango isakhiwo. Lokhu kuzoncika uhlobo umnyango, indlela yabo ukuvulwa nesiqondiso zokungena kubo. Kuyinto efiselekayo kwaba ukuthi sabakhubazekile ukufinyelela umnyango ohlangothini lapho isibambo ukuvulwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abantu abakhubazekile abakwazi ezothuthukiswa kulengxenyekazi phenya kummango futhi ukuhambisa emnyango.

Kubalulekile futhi ukucabanga kusengaphambili nokubekwa kumpambuko. Ihlangene, lapho Umnyango uyavuleka ukuze uhlangothi amadivaysi atholakalayo. Uma ukuklanywa isakhiwo ayikuvumeli kwindawo enkulu ngokwanele ukujika, abaklami kufanele anikele umnyango minza - ukwenza niche, ngenxa okuzothi ngesinye isikhathi beka sabakhubazekile.

Ngempela kube platform ovundlile phambi kummango nangemva kokuphela indiza ezintweni ezingafanele. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abakhi benza amaphutha. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi idivayisi kummango kuyobe akuphelele ngaphandle pad phambi kwakhe. Ngisho noma kunjalo, kodwa Ubukhulu bayo zincane kunohlamvu ejwayelekile, ekhubazekile ayikwazi zima kummango futhi bazuze kuso. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuthutha engalingana ngokuphelele kuyo. Kodwa ungakhohlwa mayelana nesayithi e ukutholakala ngasekupheleni zedivayisi. Ngokusebenzisa phambi kwakhe umuntu angaba namandla okuwunikela ukuthatha izandla zakhe isondo noma wesitimela. Kufanele ibekwe nendawo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubeka ingxenye enalokho kuthambekela ngokushesha ngumuntu umnyango noma udonga.

izidingo zabantu

Abaningi abazi ukuthi yini iziqondiso ihlanganise ramps. Lezi zakhiwo zibalulekile kubantu abakhubazekile. Enkundleni kubalulekile acabangele design ukuthi:

- izindawo kufanele zitholakale kalula kubo bonke abantu, ukuze bakwazi singene noma yiliphi ibhilidi, indlu noma ifulethi;

- isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke ukufinyelela nezinto ezidingekayo kanye namadivayisi (isib, zommbila);

- in the endaweni kufanele kube zonke izinhlelo ezidingekayo.

Ngenkathi kwenziwa kubalulekile ukwazi yonke imithetho elawula ukufakwa ukwesekwa izakhiwo. Ngakho, umthambeka kummango kufanele kube kusuka 8 kuya ku-10%. Emacaleni angakajayeleki ke wakuvumela ukuba kuze kube u-18%. Kodwa emakhaya anemisila ukutholakala amadivayisi, kungaba 50% futhi uma phezu ezitebhisini kulesi sakhiwo. Ngokuvamile, ingase ibe esikhiphekayo noma ensikeni kummango metal ngokufanele kuzo.

Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kungase endlini futhi isakhiwo ifakwe hhayi kuphela ramps, okuyinto idivayisi kulawulwa imithetho ekhethekile. Ukuze kube khona isimo kufinyeleleke kuyinto kummango ngempela efanelekayo noma ramps. Kodwa iziteshi abasebenzisi sabakhubazekile, njengoba umkhuba imibukiso, kukhona alunamsebenzi.

Ukuqinisekisa imvelo kufinyeleleke

Sikhishwe yokuthi abaningi abalibheki kunesidingo ukuhlomisa izindlu, izakhiwo, izitolo amadivaysi atholakalayo, umthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha for labo izimo zase zihleliwe ezingeni zomthetho, lapho imeneja enqaba ukufaka kummango. Izithombe zalezi zakhiwo yenza kube lula ukukhetha okukhethwa kukho ezifanele kakhulu.

Ukunqatshwa kwesicelo ukufinyelela idivayisi ukufakwa igcwele inhlawulo kokubili abantu nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho. Akunandaba uma kungekho kungenzeka ukufaka kummango. Hlomisani zokungena emnyango isakhiwo noma izakhiwo, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi amanye amadivayisi atholakalayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo abavumelekile isakhiwo esinjalo, lapho abantu abakhubazekile bangabamba ukuhambisa kuphela abantu abahambisana. Gada ukuhambisana nalezi zimfuneko kufanele iziphathimandla esiphezulu ezingeni federal, komasipala, ohulumeni ngayinye Federation.

Ngokwesibonelo, alo kummango, i-engeli emthambekeni okuyinto 50% kungenzeka kwenziwe zokungena. Kusobala ukuthi umuntu abanokukhubazeka akunakwenzeka noma ukwandisa it wedwa noma ukukhuphuka ke. Kodwa-ke kuvumela abasebenzisi sabakhubazekile ngiqome umhlahlandlela. Futhi ngisho engekho ukwakhiwa okunjalo, kusuka kube nzima kakhulu. Phela, ukuze ukudonsa noma phakamisa umuntu ohamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile, udinga abantu abambalwa ababenza uyakuwufeza ezandleni zakho.

Amalungelo abantu abakhubazekile

Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abakanye ukuhamba elinganiselwe abawazi amalungelo abo. engavumelekile ngamunye kufanele inikezwe izindlela zokufinyelela. Kungenjalo, kuthathwa njengemingcele amalungelo abo ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, abaholi ngezidingo okufanele abhekane nalokho kufanele kube iyunithi kummango, bese wakha zonke izimo ukunyakaza abantu ukuhamba elinganiselwe. Lezi ngenhlanhla anibona abantu kuphela abanokukhubazeka, kodwa abanezingane ezincane, ngubani ukuqhuba sabakhubazekile, futhi kwezinye izigaba sabantu, ube nobunzima lapho kudingeka ukuzithiba ukunyakaza.

Kufanele futhi ukuthi akudingi imvume abanye abaqashi behlupha endlini ukufaka kummango. Izithombe zeminyango eziningi izindlu ukunikeza ithuba uqonde ukuthi akuwona wonke abantu baqonde ukuthi kungani kudingeka. Ezinye epaki phambi ramps zemoto, nezinye ogibele ezisekelweni ezilungele kubo, amabhodi ezikhangiso, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo walenza ingenzeki ukunyakaza kwabantu abakhubazekile.

Wonke umuntu ezihlobene ukuhamba elinganiselwe, unelungelo zibophe uphoqe iye ngenkani setha kummango. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba ekhubazekile nezinye zezakhamizi abadinga inhlangano ukutholakala amadivayisi, kungadinga isinxephezelo ngoba umonakalo zokuziphatha. Abantu abenqabayo ukufaka kummango, athwale isibopho sezomthetho zokuphatha noma lobugebengu.