Primus PT-1: imiyalelo kanye nokubuyekeza

Namanye esake sawenza sisendleleni futhi Kuzonyuka iDemo yolayini ngijabulisa emibuthanweni yabo emhlabeni komlilo. Phila umlilo owuthanda, ilungisa kwemizwelo zefilosofi, kuyasiza ukhohlwe umsindo befuna emadolobheni amakhulu. Kodwa kubathandi ezokuvakasha kakhulu, intaba bezintaba, abadobi zokugembula kanye abazingeli, abalandeli emfuleni Alloys, izintaba ezinde noma ngebhayisikili izinkambo umlilo - Ngokuyinhloko umthombo ukudla okushisayo.

Kubo ngaphambili hhayi romance nobuhle elangabini bese pragmatism. Ngakho-ke amatende sikaphalafini hlobo sekuyinsakavukela izivakashi iziphuphutheki. Bavumela ukuba ngokushesha futhi ngokuzimela ukudla emakhazeni, ngesikhathi izimvula ezinamandla, ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu futhi ukungabi Imininingwane kwezinkuni. ithoshi Ihlangene futhi engasindi londoloza abahambi isikhathi nomzamo.

izinhlobo izitofu

Nge ukhuni sikaphalafini. Eqinisweni, le isitofu esincane saqala ukupheka, ukufuthelana ne izinkuni. It ihlukile umlilo kuphela kwezomnotho petrol, kungenzeka ukubeka izingqwembe, umlilo wenziwa uvikeleke emvuleni nomoya. Kodwa lokhu sobala kanye nebubi: kuhhavini nzima, akusho ukuxazulula inkinga yokuntuleka izinkuni, kunzima ukuze kuvuswe ebusika noma emvuleni.

Nezibhengezo otshwaleni ezomile. Kulula ukusebenzisa, ezishibhile, kulula kakhulu. Kodwa kukhona ilangabi incane kakhulu, okuyinto cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuba alawule. Kungenzeka ukufudumeza imbiza ukudla okusemathinini noma inkomishi yamanzi, kodwa ukupheka into enzima kakhulu.

Negesi sikaphalafini. Okwamanje, uhlangabezana esiqongweni ukuthandwa, bayajabula ukusithatha izivakashi, balimi, abadobi. Zenza imililo kanye Amalahle bashaywe umoya, belungiselela itiye nokudla. Kunezinhlobo eziningi igesi izitofu, kusukela miniature emapuletini umnyuziki inhlukano ozungezile ibhaluni ukuthi abashayeli babe ezizimele for uhambo olude. Lezi izinzuzo zihlanganisa: kalula zokusebenzela, lula design, ikhono ulungise ukushuba ilangabi.

Gasoline izitofu (izitofu) - izimbangi eyinhloko igesi ontanga yomthengi esilindele. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakubonakala sengathi igesi izitofu ukhululekile azixoshe ngokuphelele uphethiloli izitofu izivakashi ezivela ezimakethe, kodwa abahambi bezintaba waqhubeka ebasebenzisa, esekelwe ingqondo nokuhlangenwe nakho ngaphambili.

Mayelana nomlando

I primus lokuqala sidalwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, Swede Frantsem Lindkvistom, owanibizela wakhe wokusungula izwi Latin Primus (elihunyushwa ngokuthi 'wokuqala'). Igama wanamathela futhi ekugcineni laba undabuzekwayo kuwo wonke izitofu ezinjalo. Ekuqaleni, yokubasela primus wakhonza kaphalafini, kodwa ngo-1927 ifemu waseSweden lobunikazi Svea uphethiloli sikaphalafini elaba ukhokho inqwaba uphethiloli sikaphalafini onobuhle.

Izinzuzo izitofu baziswa ngokushesha hhayi nje ngenxa besifazane, kodwa futhi abahambi. Gasoline izitofu baba abahlanganyeli ngempumelelo ezindaweni eziningi okwakuhlala mikhankaso omkhulu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili: a primus Lindquist wafohla Norwegian Amundsen kuya eSouth Pole, le sikaphalafini Svea wasiza umnqobi wokuqala Everest ukupheka, efudumele, futhi izicathulo efudumele ukuphakama ezineqhwa eziyisishiyagalombili senkulungwane.

Primus izivakashi PT-1: Izingxenye kanye Imininingwane

Izwe ngokushesha socwaningo intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kungenzeka bona nabo, kodwa kukhona izinto okubonakala simisiwe ngesikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, u-petrol primus PT-1, cishe ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhipha isivele ezizukulwane eziningana abahambi.

Izinketho Akumangalisi yakhe elula. Lawa: sikaphalafini, uphondo for uphethiloli, ukhiye jikelele, ngepeni, izimvu zamanzi sokuphumula.

Izici:

• Usayizi - ububanzi nobude 132 mm, ubude 82 mm.
• Isisindo - 750 g (okungenani 305 g).
• Amandla - 1,8-2 kW.
• Umkhawulo umthwalo ezishisayo - 1650 kcal / h.
• Okokhelekayo uhlobo - likaphethiloli "Galosha", uphethiloli, mhlawumbe ngenombolo ongaphakeme octane.
• Okokhelekayo tank umthamo - 120 ml.
• Amahora izitofu - imizuzu 35 eMhlanganweni ekhishwa esiphezulu, imizuzu 55 - ngokwesilinganiso.
• Isikhathi ubilise ilitha lamanzi - imizuzu 8 (i-lokushisa komoya ka-20 ° C).

design

Nakuba primus PT-1 iwine ngempela ezithusayo isidlaliso "izivakashi ukufa", empeleni kuphephile futhi enokwethenjelwa uma sisetshenziswa kahle. Idivayisi siqukethe sikaphalafini, kanye uphethiloli zazo ogibele ebhokisini lensimbi. Sikaphalafini unamathele phansi ilunga kochungechunge. Ethangini ogibele ubakaki ohlangothini sikaphalafini, ke zivikela evulekile ilangabi ezithathekayo steel esibukweni. Oqwembeni ibhokisi unamathele ukhiye jikelele, lapho ufuna ukudonsa umlomo wombhobho.

Primus uhlobo PT-1 inikezwa nedivaysi yokuhlanza okusheshayo umlomo wombhobho ngokuvula knob Sisazama Ukuvumelana "Clean." uphethiloli wenza high zethusi (nengxenye milimitha odongeni ukujiya) futhi has simise cylindrical, Nokho kuyahluka iyunifomu conductivity ezishisayo futhi amandla aphezulu. On ukuvala lid kukhona valve nesebenzela ngesikhathi ingcindezi ethangini, ekuqedeni umonakalo yayo kwesakhiwo, e kuqhuma ethile.

Umgomo we operation

Primus PT-1 ayinakho amaphampu kanye abasebenza overpressure kudalwa uphethiloli uma ukufuthelana. Ukwakha i-overpressure ethangini, isidingo efudumele primus salokhu sikaphalafini ifakwe inkomishi, okuyinto agqugquzelwa liquid noma fuel ezomile.

likaphethiloli axoshwe ecindezelwa ithangi abakudingayo ngokusebenzisa tube mncane ukuba sikaphalafini, lapho iguqulwe ibe umusi kanye ukukhanya. Sici umsindo okwenzeka lapho ngesitofu sikaphalafini, kubangelwa okukhulu evutha uphethiloli evala, uma ilangabi likhulu wendiza, kusho - akabi pair, kanye nophethiloli, okungukuthi, ingcindezi enganele. Kuvamile lokhu emakhazeni lapho ithangi liyadingeka ukufudumeza ukushisa ezingaphezu kuka ehlobo.

Primus PT-1: Imiyalelo

I-algorithm usebenza elalinesitofu primus ilula, kudinga kuphela njalo enze zonke izinyathelo, khona-ke akukho nkinga. Ngezinye izikhathi kusukela ekukhanyeni kuqala evamile a sikaphalafini akusebenzi, kodwa ungakhathazeki, lapha ke kuyikhono. nje evala ngokwanele ukuze kuvuswe sikaphalafini ngokuphepha futhi izivakashi primus PT-1 kuyoba umsizi engapheliyo zonke izimo.

1. Thela uphethiloli. tank design alinikezi ukugcwaliswa liphelele, ukuze ungazami ukugcwalisa phama uphethiloli.

2. Preheat ithoshi: kuyadingeka ukuze kuvuswe endishini utshwala, benzene noma fuel okuqinile.

3. Warm ngokwanele imizuzu eminingana, kodwa sonke lesi sikhathi primus kampompi kumele ivalwe ngethangi ukudala ukucindezela ezidingekayo ukuze evala.

4. Vula valve futhi okhela sikaphalafini, okuyindawo bayophuma nge shweza likaphethiloli evala.

5. Ukuze ucime ngesitofu sikaphalafini, ukuze aqede ngisho nokuphathwa ngokwanele fuel ngokulungisa valve ivaliwe.

ezicashile ukusebenza

Ukusebenza uphethiloli sikaphalafini kuyoba mnandi futhi ephephile uma ucabangela ezicashile ezilandelayo:

• Ukunyakaza phambi ngesitofu sikaphalafini kumele ngokuphelele likhanyelwe uphethiloli kusukela ithangi, kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukwenza ngaphambi ethutha ngendiza;

• I Primus konke esingakwenza ukuze zisebenzisa uphethiloli nge inombolo ephezulu octane, kukhona izilinganiso primus PT-1 kakhulu ngempumelelo usebenza zihamba ngophethiloli, nge "Galosha";

• akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa kaphalafini, awusebenzi ukunikeza evamile omlilo sikaphalafini kanye ngokuqinile nangezinhlaka okuyinto balihlanze ngokucophelela;

• Ngaphambi umsebenzi primus Udinga ukuvula ethangini nokulinganisa ingcindezi negative ezisele ukuthungela kwangaphambili;

• Kulula ukuthutha likaphethiloli amabhodlela epulasitiki: zingabantu okuthembekile, engasindi futhi isikhala kancane;

• kuba njalo efiselekayo isethi izingxenye ezisele nezimpawu;

• ukuze primus wakhonza kusadingeka sikhathazeke ngayo: Ngezikhathi uhlanze umlomo wombhobho ezihlanzekile ngemva ukusetshenziswa ngamunye, esitolo endaweni eyomile.

isithunzi

Primus PT-1 kwaphela isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, namanje efanele futhi okufunekayo umthombo umlilo kwezivakashi. Uma kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungenziwa ashiwo Union ukusweleka futhi ukukhetha kabi amadivayisi olunje, ezondlekile nochichima umthengi bekhulu ekhetha wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke ngesisekelo isilinganiso izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu umkhiqizo. Kule ndaba, i-PT-1 primus izivakashi uphethiloli unika isinkiyankiya ukuba izitofu eziningi newfangled, ngoba lonke bunch of izinzuzo:

• amanani ezingabizi esifundeni ruble 2,000, futhi ungakwazi ukuthenga ishibhile;

• Ukuvikeleka: ngokusebezisa ngokucophelela nelungile ngesitofu sikaphalafini ezosebenza amashumi eminyaka, kuba lula ukulungisa ehlanzekile;

• nokwethenjelwa usebenza izimo ezimbi kakhulu: primus PT-1 usebenza thembeke kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, emachibini high, kwesiphepho imvula neqhwa kuka kahle nge ukushiswa senqabe emakhazeni umoya negesi izitofu;

• icwecwe futhi engasindi;

• okungabizi futhi likaphethiloli ezishibhile okulula ukuthwala, kuba lula kakhulu ukuthola lapho kudingeka, ngaphandle gas amasilinda;

• amandla primus ngesigamu izikhathi ezimbili ephakeme kunaleyo izitofu gas;

• likaphethiloli primus kungenziwa athuthwe ku kundiza, igesi amasilinda - akuvunyelwe.

amaphutha

Kukhona Yiqiniso, ngesitofu sikaphalafini nezinkinga ezithile:

• Wabasaqalayo ngokuvamile unezinkinga ukuthungela, kodwa ngokuvamile zingezesikhashana ngokwemvelo;

• uma amaphutha ukusebenza, noma ngokukhetha okungalungile fuel odla kwenzeka ukuthi ijabulise sikaphalafini uhlelo noma ukulungisa ababambelela inaliti ukuze umlomo wombhobho;

• ukulungiselela ulangazelela imisebenzi;

• likaphethiloli kuyingozi ukwedlula uphethiloli esiqinile noma igesi.

zokuvimbela ingozi

Ngisho kudivayisi izandla abanolwazi, egcwele uphethiloli kanye ingcindezi ezisebenza kungaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke ngeke sikwazi sidebeselele ukusebenza primus PT 1. Udinga ukuziqeqesha oda nge sikaphalafini, ukuba baqaphe futhi ngeke akukhohlwe imithetho elula:

1. Landela imiyalelo.

2. Hlola yobunzima uxhumano.

3. ngokuphephile qinisa ikhava ethangini.

4. Musa kuvusa primus egumbini eduze futhi unventilated (etendeni, imoto).

5. Musa usebenze sikaphalafini ngokuqukethwe, uthambekela ukuvuvukala.

6. Ungabeki ezindaweni oluvuthayo: phansi ibhokisi asivumelani ngokuqinile eshubile.

7. Qinisekisani ukuthi ithangi akusho overheat. Ungasebenzisi izitsha nge phansi ezinkulu, njengoba ematfuba ukuxhumana ithangi ilangabi.

Nokho, 8. Uma, uye ebilayo futhi kwabangela ukuphepha valve, ningatatazeli. Yiqiniso, nolimi ilangabi, nokweqa ithangi likaphethiloli, kubukeka kungalungile, kodwa kungenziwa limbozwa ngendwangu obukhulu noma bophe ingcindezi, linda kuze kube yilapho uyaphuma eyedwa.