Oresund ibhuloho-tunnel - isimangaliso zobuchwepheshe yesimanjemanje

Ngo engu-izivakashi zobuchwepheshe nethuba zibabaza izikhumbuzo hhayi kuphela lasendulo, kodwa futhi yobuciko engineering yesimanje. Tokyo futhi Dubai, njengabanye emadolobheni amakhulu, futhi, ziye zaba izikhungo yokugogobala kwezivakashi. Kodwa-Europe "ubudala" inokuthile Ngamangala izivakashi ngokuya ukusika-onqenqemeni ubuchwepheshe. Enye impumelelo engineering umcabango ekupheleni kule nkulungwane yeminyaka kwaba Øresund ibhuloho-tunnel ngokuxhumanisa kwala mazwe womabili - Denmark naseSweden. Mayelana naye sichaza kulesi sihloko.

ukwakhiwa

Ngaphambili, ukuhamba esuka kwelinye izwe, kwakudingekile ukusebenzisa isikebhe. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni iqiniso lokuthi Øresund Strait njalo cruised imikhumbi, ukuvimbela esiphelweni ngempumelelo imikhumbi olwandle maqondana oLwandle iBaltic. Ingasaphathwa imigqa imoto, ukuqongelela ilindele isikebhe. Ngakho-ke, nineties zakuqala kwekhulu elidlule kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe ibhuloho phakathi Denmark naseSweden. Kuqalwe indalo yayo ngo-1995. Ukwakhiwa akazange kuqhubeke kahle.

Okokuqala, abasebenzi ezitholakala ogwini nesishiyagalombili torpedoes unexploded phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Khona-ke kwatholakala ukuthi ngenxa yephutha encane ubunjiniyela waya ukungalingani omunye nezipani ngayo leli bhuloho. Noma kunjalo, ukwakha kwathatha ngisho izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kosuku okuhleliwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwebhuloho operation kwenzeka ngo-August 1999, lapho-Danish Kunyatheliswa Fridrih futhi Princess uVictoria Sweden wahlangana phakathi isakhiwo. Kodwa le nkosi ebusayo kwala mazwe womabili - Margrethe II noCarl Gustav XVI - usike iribhoni elibomvu ongokomfanekiso ngoba cishe ngemva konyaka. Ngakho, ibhuloho ngokusemthethweni "Denmark-Sweden" wavulwa wokuqala ku-July 2000.

Yini kuba ukwakhiwa esiyingqayizivele

Lokhu onguthelawayeka lebhokisi dolobha Copenhagen nge emzini Malmö, eningizimu enhlonhlweni zaseScandinavia. Uma ubheka i-design kusuka ukuphakama enkulu, isibonelo, kusukela indiza, kubonakala sengathi elihlanganisa Denmark naseSweden wahlala sidle. It ugcina eduze esiqhingini yokufakelwa Peberholm. Kodwa lokhu kuyadukisa. Nje ibhuloho iya ngaphansi kwamanzi bese ephenduka ibe Umhubhe. Iqiniso lokuthi ugu lweNyakatho Denmark siphile shellfish ezingavamile. Ikakhulukazi, ukuze sisindise izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba wehlise kwebhuloho ekujuleni kolwandle. Ngenxa yalokhu, lonke isakhiwo inezingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala - surface ingxenye ukuthi ifana ajwayelekile kithi kwebhuloho. Okulandelayo - i yokufakelwa "isiqhingi-Pepper", ibizwa kanjalo ngoba ezakheke, futhi Umhubhe komhlaba, okuyisona ngaphansi phansi Øresund Strait.

Amapharamitha design topside

Manje ake sixoxe Ubukhulu ngaphezulu ukuthi lesi simangaliso yokugcina yosuku zomhlaba. Ubude isakhiwo ngenhla emhlabathini amakhilomitha angaba eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Noma kunalokho, 7845 amamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lihlale isiqhingi yokufakelwa, lapho lokubikezela helipad eziphuthumayo. Kodwa ubude surface kuphela iqhaza amakhilomitha eziyisishiyagalombili kwenza Oresund Bridge, ibhuloho lihlotshiswe a iziqondiso isithombe ukuze eSweden naseDenmark, omunye izivakashi.

Isekela anyukele phezulu, ezingafinyeleleki ngisho esingakubiza ngokuthi iziphepho ezinzima kakhulu enyakatho. Ukuze izitsha ocean zingase zidlulisele kalula ngaphansi kwebhuloho, span main has ipharamitha anamanci mahlanu eziyisikhombisa amamitha. Kuyinto lephatselene nendzaba-amabili endlini ukuphakama. Lokhu ibhuloho ezimbili storey. Phansi indawo yezinto kabili ujantshi wesitimela. A izimoto ezine kuya strip zitholakala phezulu. Ukuphakama onguthelawayeka enamathela - ezimbili namakhulu amane namamitha. Lokujabulela egibele imoto kukhona ezifana uma esindizayo indiza phezu komkhathi kolwandle.

Oresund ibhuloho-tunnel. Bilge

Lapho kwebhuloho ufinyelela yokufakelwa esiqhingini Peberholm, ukwesekwa encishisiwe. Okulandelayo, futhi ojantshi, futhi umgwaqo emapheshana kuhluke imigudu zabo. Zimelele amapayipi ezinhlanu, ezimbili - i-izitimela uya ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, nazi ezinye ezimbili - izimoto, no one - eziphuthumayo. Ndawonye bakha umhubhe "Drogden". Lena ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobufakazi design. ubude bayo - amakhilomitha amane, cishe kabili aphansi ukwedlula Oresund Ibhuloho. Kodwa ukuqaphela ukuthi uya amamitha angu ayisishiyagalolunye ukujula, kodwa namanje ngaphansi ekujuleni kolwandle, ekujabulisayo abashayeli abaningi. Ikakhulukazi uma ubheka itilosi. Kubonisa ukuthi lihamba emanzini.

Intengo ikhambo

Oresund ibhuloho-tunnel - ke kuba i project wokuvelela kwekhulu elidlule. Ukwakha ke, Denmark uthumele imiqhele bhiliyoni amathathu. Ngakho-ke, indima kwebhuloho kuyinto ngempela eqolo. Udinga ukukhokha ngesikhathi ezikhumulweni IsiSwidi, kroner IsiDanishi noma euro. Ukuze uhlobo emshinini ngamunye has Imali lalo. Iziqondiso ngemoto Oresund ibhuloho-tunnel izobiza okuyisilinganiso sabangu-euro amane. Nsuku zonke, umngcele ophakathi Denmark naseSweden ngalesi simangaliso yezakhiwo kweqa izimoto eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke ngekota yehora ebhulohweni isitimela sihamba. Bobabili ohulumeni ukhuthaze izakhamuzi zabo ukuba bathathe lolo hambo. Abantu abaningi abahlala e-Copenhagen bathenga indlu Malmö nokuhamba.START_BREAKSTART_BREAKUmsebenzi yesifundazwe nsuku zonke emsebenzini enhlokodolobha yase eDenmark, kuleli bhuloho. Kubo, kukhona izaphulelo (75-80%). Kodwa ngisho ne ezifana eliphithizelayo Oresund Ibhuloho uthembisa buyiselani kuphela 2035.

izivakashi

Mhlawumbe abaseSweden futhi Danes, engu- nsuku zonke kwaba umngcele ongokomfanekiso phakathi kwamazwe abo, abawubonanga ekuklanyweni yimiphi angavamile. Kubo-ke nje kuyindlela elula imizuzu 25 ngu isitimela okusheshayo futhi 40 - yemoto ukusuka Copenhagen ukuba Malmö, noma kolunye uhlangothi. Kodwa izivakashi ezivela kwamanye amazwe we Oresund ibhuloho-tunnel kuyinto Luhambo yangempela. Ukushayela eduze topside, ungakwazi zibabaza ukubukwa ulwandle. A diving ku mhubhe, akunakwenzeka ukuba siqonde ubukhulu boMbuso ubuhlakani womuntu.