Nkulunkulu Ra: kusukela ngokunqoba lokulibala

Nkulunkulu Ra e onkulunkulu baseGibithe matasa indawo ekhethekile. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: lizwe eningizimu, njalo evutha ilanga phezulu ... Okunye onkulunkulu bozhenyata imisebenzi yabo ethize, futhi nje kuphela ukuzenza unkulunkulu ezizuzisayo Ra embozwe wonke umhlaba, akazange ayihlukanise oFaro abacebile nabampofu, nezigqila, abantu kanye nezilwane.

Ngokusho kwabaseGibhithe, Ra neze kuzalwa, obelokhu ekhona. Wema phezu kwabanye onkulunkulu, nokuba okuthile prototype kukaNkulunkulu, ngubani zabonakala kamuva ebuJudeni, ubuKristu nobuSulumane. Kodwa kubonakala sengathi abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye monotheism kwaba ezingqondweni eGibhithe lasendulo. Akumangalisi ukuthi lo faro lwamakhosi nesishiyagalombili Amenhotep wesine, ukuzama ukuqeda lokho okushiwo abapristi abaningi wezenkolo ehlukahlukene (onamandla kunayo okwakukhona abapristi Ra), owethulwa ukukhulekela unkulunkulu Aton, inhlamvu yelanga, noma ngokulahla kwabo bonke abanye onkulunkulu. Empeleni, entsha nonkulunkulu welanga, Aton, hhayi okuningi ukuhluka elidala lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa solar --Amoni-Ra. Ingabe yilokho abapristi abasha babeke baba ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokulawula Amenhotep, bamukela igama elisha Akhenaten, okusho "uyabukeka unkulunkulu Aten."

Kodwa umqondo monotheism, okuthola echo ezingqondweni elite engqondo (ingxenye eziqale ukuvela zabapristi, nezihlakaniphi futhi Akhenaten eduze), uye ayitholakalanga ukwesekwa phakathi izingqimba ezehlukene zomphakathi abangafundile umbuso waseGibithe lasendulo. Nehlelo Aton akazange zande. Inertia sengqondo zenkolo Kweminyaka kwaba okujabulisa namandla obuhlakani elite waseGibhithe. Ngokwezazi-mlando eziningi, Akhenaten wafa ngenxa Uzungu, nabo bonke siphinde sibe nokuphila okuvamile. Nkulunkulu Ra kwaba ohlwini onkulunkulu abaningi bayahlonishwa waseGibhithe.

Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo zenkolo unkulunkulu welanga kwaba Heliopolis, okuyinto ngesiGreki kusho emzini ilanga noma Solntsegrad. Ngaphansi kwaleli gama, idolobha libonakala ezifundweni zomlando eziningi, nakuba okwamanje, igama bekhabo isikhungo kwaba Iunu. AmaGreki kusukela aqala ukunqoba ephindelela Aleksandra Makedonskogo yaba nethonya elikhulu empilweni Egypt. WaseGibhithe unkulunkulu Ra in ukwazi kwabo kwahlonzwa ne Helios ngesiGreki. Ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi, abahlaseli nje uqambe waseGibhithe idolobha Iunu ngesiGreki Heliopolis.

Ihlelo lika-Ra kukhona eside kakhulu. isisekelo salo sabekwa yombuso wasendulo - engxenyeni yokuqala ka enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC. Nkulunkulu Ra wayengowokuqala wonkulunkulu abaningi baseGibhithe. Kodwa imizamo kamuva zabapristi eziye zasiza ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi kuya umsunguli Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Dynasty, lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa wakhe wasukuma wabusa omunye eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Abapristi Ra, hhayi kokuba aqede bagomele, avunyelwe uhlobo "Symbiosis" kankulunkulu wakhe nge onkulunkulu bamanga kancane ebalulekile ezindaweni ezahlukene laseGibhithe. Ngakho, ngo-Elephantine, yena waba okuthiwa Khnum-Ra, eThebes --Amoni-Ra. Lesi isilinganiso kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuba kube separatism zenkolo.

Ngemva hoplites Aleksandra Makedonskogo ngaphandle kokulwa baya eGibithe, waqala ukwehla nezinkolo zendabuko. Cha, amaGreki akazange aphishekele abalandeli Ra. Vele esikhathini inkolo zakudala zika esedlule. Bambalwa nakakhulu abantu abakholelwa konkulunkulu bakudala, amathempeli kancane kancane yawela uguge futhi nge kokufika kobuKristu, nonkulunkulu welanga uRa wagcina ukhohlwe. Ngu owesihlanu AD leminyaka abaseGibhithe ngisho ukhohlwe incwadi, okuyinto wabhala amahubo okudumisa onkulunkulu ngenhla. Kodwa lesi simiso salo mGibhithe lokubhala hieroglyphic ngaleso sikhathi lalinabashumayeli iminyaka emithathu nengxenye eyinkulungwane!

Kwakungenxa nje ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, thina ngenxa yemizamo genius sezilimi Fransua Shampolona wathola emlandweni wanamuhla waseGibhithe lesintu, owawuke eyaziwa kuphela amazwana emifushane omakhelwane laseGibhithe - amaGreki, amaRoma, yamaPheresiya Arabhu.