Newton - kuyini? Newton - ngezinga elithile lokho?

Physics njengoba isayensi ukuthi ufunda imithetho yomkhathi wethu, usebenzisa izindlela zocwaningo ejwayelekile futhi uhlelo ezithile amayunithi. Amandla iyunithi kungenziwa oqokiwe N (Newton). Uyini amandla, indlela yokuthola futhi ukukala? Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ngalokhu.

umlando abathandwayo

Isaak Nyuton - usosayensi odumile osekela IsiZulu kwekhulu XVII, owenza banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni eqondile wesayensi zezibalo. Ukuthi uyena ukhokho physics classical. Wakwazi ukuchaza imithetho elawula nemizimba omkhulu yasezulwini, nokusanhlamvu elincane isihlabathi eyalo ukugeleza komoya. Omunye ezitholwe zakhe eziyinhloko ubhekwa umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi jikelele kanye nemithetho ezintathu eziyisisekelo Mechanics, elichaza nokuxhumana zemizimba ngokwemvelo. Kamuva, abanye ososayensi bakwazi ngokuthini imithetho friction, yokuphumula nokuthokomala lushelele kuphela ngenxa okutholwe yisayensi Isaaka Nyutona.

Nasi theory

ubuningi ngokomzimba iye ogama lakhe behlonipha usosayensi. Newton - angokomzimba ngesilinganiso esithile. kakhulu kwencazelo amandla lingachazwa ngokuthi "amandla - yisikali ambalwa of ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinto, noma ubuningi ephawula degree okujula noma ukungezwani emizimbeni."

Amandla ulinganiswa Newtons ngesizathu esithile. Yilokhu ososayensi ezintathu "amandla" engaguquki umthetho sezisunguliwe, okuyinto ehambisana namuhla. Ake sizihlole izibonelo.

Umthetho wokuqala

Ukuze ukuqonde ngokwengeziwe imibuzo: "Kuyini Newton?", "Unit lokho?" futhi "Lisho ukuthini ngokomzimba?", kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela imithetho emithathu eyisisekelo Mechanics.

Esokuqala sithi uma umzimba akanayo ukusebenza nezinye umzimba, kuyoba njalo ukuphumula. Futhi uma umzimba iragela phambili, ngokungabi bikho noma yisiphi isenzo ke, uzoqhubeka ezinyakazayo yayo iyunifomu emgceni locondzile.

Cabanga ukuthi phezu flat kwetafula uhlobo incwadi nge isisindo ezithile. Elisho wonke amabutho siphile ngokuvumelana nalo, sithola ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi abangelwa, okuyinto iqondiswa thwi phansi, futhi ibutho ukuphendula phansi (kulesi simo isigaba) iqondiswe thwi phezulu. Njengoba amabutho amabili silinganise izenzo zomunye nomunye, ubukhulu bale amandla nomphumela zero. Ngokusho umthetho wokuqala Newton, kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi incwadi kwamasabatha.

Eyesibili umthetho

Uchaza ubudlelwane phakathi amandla ayisukumele umzimba, nokusheshisa, okuyinto elamukelayo ngenxa force applied. Isaak Nyuton ekwakhiweni mthetho okokuqala isetshenziswa ukubaluleka njalo njengoba elithile ukubonakaliswa mass inertia, futhi inertia zomzimba. Inertia libhekisela ikhono noma impahla imizimba ukuze ilondoloze isikhundla sayo sokuqala, okungukuthi ukuba simelane namathonya zangaphandle.

UMthetho Okwesibili ngokuvamile esachazwa fomula elandelayo: F = m *; lapho F - kuyinto nomphumela we wonke amabutho isetshenziswa umzimba, a - ukushesha, umzimba okuholela, kanye m - mass umzimba. Amandla ekugcineni wezwakalisa njengoba kg * m / s ^2. Le nkulumo ingase oqokiwe e Newtons.

Kuyini Newton-physics, incazelo yalokho ukusheshisa nokuthi lihlobene amandla? Nazi izimpendulo zale mibuzo ifomula yomthetho Mechanics yesibili. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lo mthetho usebenza kuphela kulabo nemizimba ukuhambisa ngesivinini isivinini ephansi kakhulu yokukhanya. Ukuze abakuzuzile velocities eduze ngejubane lokukhanya, abelokhu esebenza okwesikhathi neminye imithetho embalwa physics ingashintshwa kwesigaba ekhethekile theory wokuhlobana kwezinto.

Umthetho Newton Okwesithathu

Lona umthetho ocacile kakhulu futhi elula, elichaza nokuxhumana kwemizimba emibili mhlawumbe. Uthi wonke amabutho zenzeka ngababili, okungukuthi, uma umzimba yilokho umuntu akwenza kwenye ngebutho ezithile, futhi umzimba wesibili yena, ine umphumela ngolokuqala alinganayo modulo amandla.

kakhulu Amazwi aleso ososayensi yomthetho ngale ndlela: "... ukuxhumana kwemizimba emibili phezu komunye bayalingana komunye nomunye, kodwa oluyi."

Ake sibone ukuthi yini iyona Newton. Ngo-physics, ke wenza konke kubhekwa ku izenzakalo ezithile, ngakho ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa, echaza imithetho Mechanics.

1. izilwane zasemanzini like amadada, inhlanzi, amaxoxo, noma hambisa emanzini noma amanzi kungenxa ukuxhumana nalo. umthetho wesithathu Newton uthi ngenxa yesenzo umzimba phezu kwelinye uhlale khona kanye nokuphikiswa, okulingana namandla ukuba ngowokuqala, kodwa iqondiswe kolunye uhlangothi. Kulesi sisekelo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ukunyakaza amadada kungenxa yokuthi they dudula imilenze amanzi emuva bese ukuntanta ngokwabo phambili ngenxa isinyathelo sokuphindisela yamanzi.
2. Squirrel yezinyoni - sibonelo esigqamile ubufakazi umthetho wesithathu Newton. Kuyini yezinyoni squirrel, cishe wonke umuntu uyazi. Lena design kahle elula, futhi sifana kwesondo, isigubhu. It isethwe kumaseli izilwane like izingwejeje noma amagundane zokuhlobisa ikwazi. Ukuxhumana kwemizimba emibili, amasondo kanye isilwane kuholela yokuthi zombili lezi zindikimba ukuhambisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho amaprotheni iyasebenza zila ngalesosikhathi isondo osebenzisa ngesivinini, futhi uma kubambezela, isondo iqala ukuphotha kancane. Lokhu kufakazela waphinda senzo impendulo esiphikisayo uhlale ulingana nomunye, nakuba oluyi.
3. Konke okuhamba emhlabeni, ezihambayo kuphela ngoba "isinyathelo sokuphindisela" Zomhlaba. Kungase kubonakale kungavamile, kodwa eqinisweni nihamba, thina kuphela ukwenza imizamo push phansi noma omunye ebusweni. Futhi sesisithathile isinyathelo phambili, ngoba thina baphokophelele emuva ezweni.

Kuyini Newton: zisebenzisa iyunithi yokukala noma ubuningi ngokomzimba?

It lingachazwa ngokuthi kakhulu kwencazelo "Newton" ngale ndlela: ". Zisebenzisa iyunithi yokukala force" Futhi kusho ukuthini ngokomzimba it? Ngakho, ngokuya ngomthetho yesibili Newton, ukuthi ukubaluleka esuselwe, okuyinto uchazwa ngokuthi amandla okwazi 1 kuphela ushintsho 1 kg umzimba isisindo ngesilinganiso 1 m / s yesibili. It kuvela ukuthi Newton - kuyinto eliningi vector, ie, it has a isiqondiso ... Lapho sisebenzisa amandla ukuze into, ezifana esilahla umnyango, sobabili zibuze futhi isiqondiso motion, okuyinto, ngokuvumelana nomthetho wesibili kuyafana isiqondiso amandla.

Uma silandela ifomula, kuvela ukuthi 1 Newton = 1 kg · m / s ^2. Ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene Mechanics kaningi ziyadingeka ukuhumusha Newton kwezinye izinto eziningi. Ukuze kube lula, uma amagugu ethile Kunconywa ukukhumbula ungubani eziyisisekelo ezenza Newtons namanye amayunithi:

• 1 H = ¹⁰ Meyi dynes (dyne - iyunithi CGS uhlelo);
• 1 H = 0.1 kgf (amakhilogramu-force - amandla e-okudonsa ohlelweni imethrikhi iyunithi ohlelweni);
• 1 H = 10 ^-3 izindonga (mayunithi ku-MTS uhlelo odongeni 1 elilingana nebutho ukuthi yazisa ukusheshisa 1 m / s ² iyiphi esisindo ukuba 1 ton).

Umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi jikelele

Omunye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu owaqamba washintsha ukuqonda kwethu le planethi, kuba umthetho Newton kwamandla adonsela phansi (okuyinto adonsela phansi, bheka ngezansi). Yiqiniso, kwadingeka ukuba bezama ukuchaza imfihlakalo gravity eMhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, Iogann Kepler wokuqala ohlongozwayo ukuthi Umhlaba hhayi kuphela has a amandla kazibuthe, kodwa futhi izidumbu ngokwabo bayakwazi ukuheha Earth.

Nokho, Newton kuphela wakwazi izibalo ukufakazela ubuhlobo amandla elanga adonsela phansi futhi umthetho achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi. Ngemva eziningi zalezi ucwaningo, ososayensi waqaphela ukuthi empeleni hhayi kuphela Umhlaba edonsela izinto, kodwa zonke umzimba primagnichivayutsya nomunye. Yena esephetha umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi, othi noma yini eyingcuba, kuhlanganise izindikimba zasezulwini, basondela nge ngamandla alinganayo umkhiqizo G (njalo okudonsa) futhi uquqaba izindikimba ezimbili m ₁ * m ₂ ehlukaniswa R ² (esigcawini ibanga phakathi izidumbu).

Yonke imithetho futhi Newton etholakala ifomula kungenzeka ukwakha ephelele imodeli zezibalo, okuyinto isasetshenziswa ucwaningo, hhayi kuphela ebusweni eMhlabeni, kodwa futhi ngalé iplanethi yethu.

Ukuguqulwa amayunithi

Ekuxazululeni izinkinga kufanele bazazi indinganiso SI ticalo, ezisetshenziswa nezalo amayunithi "Newton". Ngokwesibonelo, e-izinkinga isikhala izinto, lapho uquqaba enkulu emizimbeni, ngokuvamile kakhulu kukhona isidingo lula amagugu ezinkulu ezincane. Uma ngezinye isinqumo 5000 N iphendula ke impendulo kuyoba elula ukuqopha 5 kN (kilonewtons). Lezi amayunithi zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili: zesi kanye sub. Laba yibo esetshenziswa kakhulu 10 ² N = 1 gektoNyuton (RH); Mashi ¹⁰ N = 1 kilonewtons (KN); 10 ⁶ N = 1 megaNyuton (MH) no-10 ^-2 N = 1 centinewton (CN); 10 ^-3 N = 1 milliNewtons (MN); 10 ^-9 H = 1 nanoNyuton (NN).