Neuroleptic - ukuthi ... Action neuroleptics. uhlu neuroleptics

Neuroleptic - umuthi ekhethekile isetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene okuthile engqondweni. Ngokuvamile, la mathuluzi asetshenziselwa ukwelapha syndromes neuropathic, sengqondo, izidakamizwa futhi ingasetshenziswa ku ngamaphupho nje la. Futhi, izidakamizwa antipsychotic kukhona ebekiwe ukuvimbela ukubonakaliswa eyinhloko izifo kwengqondo abantu.

Imiphumela esemqoka ekulungisweni

Imiphumela neuroleptics kukhona enezici. The main isici kwemithi - uhlobo sizole, esibonakala by ukusabela ukunciphisa ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle, buthaka ukungezwani affective nokuyaluza, ukucindezelwa yokwesatshwa, kwehle ulaka. izidakamizwa Antipsychotic ungakwazi ukuvimbela ukuhhema, okuyize, nezinye izimpawu zengqondo, abe nomphumela oqabulayo e iziguli bayasangana nezinye izifo zengqondo.

Ezinye izidakamizwa yaleli qembu unomsebenzi antiemetic, isenzo ka neuroleptics kufinyelelwa ngenxa abakhethayo okusithiyayo chemoreceptor inhlamvu (trigger) tigaba oblongata medulla. Ezinye antipsychotics ungaba sine noma isebenze (ashukumisayo) umphumela. Inani lama-elementi idatha libhekene izindlela normotimicheskoe futhi isenzo antidepressive.

izakhiwo kwemithi at izidakamizwa ezahlukene neuroleptic sivezwe ukuba ngamazinga ahlukene. Inhlanganisela esiyinhloko umphumela antipsychotic kanye nezinye izakhiwo ichaza iphrofayli umthelela wabo futhi izinkomba.

kanjani antipsychotics?

Antipsychotics - izidakamizwa ukuthi ezicindezelayo ithonya phezu kumiswa reticular zobuchopho. idatha Izidakamizwa Action baxhume kanye nethonya phezu nesenzakalo futhi ubambe excitation emalinkini ezahlukene ephakathi neuropathy isimiso sezinzwa. Namuhla, wafunda kakhulu umphumela neuroleptics ayengumlamuleli ithonya izinqubo ebuchosheni. Ososayensi ezinqwabelene idatha eyanele imiphumela kwala magciwane kwi adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, futhi GABAergic neurotransmitter nezinye izinqubo ezifaka hlangana ukuhlahluba nomthelela neuropeptide nobuchopho uhlelo. Ikakhulukazi eziningi ukunakwa muva inikezwe inqubo nokuxhumana Dopamine izakhiwo ubuchopho kanye neuroleptics. Lapho okusithiyayo of umlamuleli umsebenzi Dopamine livela main imiphumela engemihle lezi izidakamizwa, eba okuthiwa syndrome neuroleptic libhekene iziyaluyalu extrapyramidal, isib, ezifana okungalindelekile imisipha, akathisia (ukungahlaliseki), parkinsonism (liqhaqhazela, imisipha rigidity), ukungahlaliseki, imfiva . Lo mphumela kufinyelelwa ngenxa umphumela ivimbela ka neuroleptics e izakhiwo subcortical zobuchopho lapho yenziwe yaba yasendaweni inani elikhulu ezenza nozwelo Dopamine ukuphi.

Ukubonisa imiphumela engemihle yemithi antipsychotic - ke kuba yisikhathi sokuhlangana ukulungiswa yokuphathwa nokuqashwa correctors ekhethekile (izidakamizwa "Akineton", "Cyclodol").

pharmacodynamics

Neuroleptic - umuthi, ukulalela emaphakathi Dopamine receptor kuphakamisa ezinye iziyaluyalu endocrine, kuhlanganise nalezo ngaphansi kwethonya layo is inkanuko lactation. Lapho ekuvimbeni neuroleptics pituitary Dopamine receptor sithuthukiswe uketshezi of prolactin. Owenza le ngxenye, le mithi zivimbela uketshezi hormone ukukhula corticotropin.

Antipsychotics - izidakamizwa ukuthi babe esifushane isigamu-ukuphila emzimbeni, futhi ngemva kokuphathwa olulodwa, banalo umphumela wangaleso. Ososayensi baye wadala izidakamizwa obukhethekile isikhathi eside yesenzo ( "DITT edepho", "Geloperidola decanoate," "Piportil L4", "klopiksol edepho"). antipsychotics zivame kuhlanganiswe nomunye ekuseni ngokuthatha izidakamizwa inkanuko umphumela, okwesibili -, sine. Ukuze impumuzo sifo ngokomzwelo-kokudumazeka Kunconywa ukuthatha ngokuhlanganyela antidepressant futhi antipsychotics.

izinkomba

Ukuthola antipsychotics enqunyiwe, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni nozogeny ukusabela Paranoid (ukusabela ezibucayi) futhi ezingalapheki somatoform ubuhlungu sifo.

Regulations enquma idatha

ukwelashwa neuroleptic isiqalisile ne uya khona yesibili umthamo zokwelapha, bese uhlole umphumela bese unquma isidingo sokushintsha umthamo. Umthamo neuroleptics ngokushesha esekhule osayizi abathile, okuyinto ke kancane kancane ezikhathini 3-5, futhi ukwelashwa iba uhlamvu anti-asekelayo. Shintsha lemali azabele izidakamizwa esokuba umuntu ngamunye. Ngesondlo ngemithamo -Kwathi emva befinyelela oyifunayo nomphumela oqabulayo. Ukwenza imishanguzo-lokubuya kwesifo kangcono izidakamizwa eziye nokunwetshiwe senzo. Indlela yokuphathwa izidakamizwa psychotropic kubalulekile. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala ukwelashwa, abaphathi parenteral Kunconywa lapho ukukhululeka izimpawu kwenzeka ngokushesha (bolus emthanjeni, ukuvuza emthanjeni, esicutshini). Ngaphezu kwalokho okungcono ngomlomo ukuthatha neuroleptics. Uhlu izidakamizwa ephumelela kunazo uzonikezwa ngezansi.

Izidakamizwa "Propazin"

Leli thuluzi kunomphumela sine, kwehlise neluvalo locomotor umsebenzi. Imithi esetshenziswa iziyaluyalu emnceleni in iziguli izifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo, uma kukhona okuphazamisayo, iziyaluyalu phobic, esilawulayo. Thatha imithi ngaphakathi izikhathi 2-3 ngosuku 25 mg, uma kunesidingo - umthamo kungase kukhule kuze kube 100-150 mg ngosuku. Lapho usebenzisa i-kwafakwa isilinganiso esincane semithi ukubonakaliswa isifo i-Parkinson, njengoba umthetho, is hhayi waphawula.

Izidakamizwa "Etaperazin"

nomuthi Antipsychotic kuyalithinta Kuvuselela futhi sithinta syndromes ukuthi zinezikhathi ukucobeka, ukudideka, ukucobeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sidakamizwa "Etaperazin" lisetshenziswa ekwelapheni nezifo zengqondo, ephelezelwa ukucindezeleka, ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka. I umthamo wansuku zonke we nomuthi 20 mg.

Kusho "Triftazin"

izidakamizwa Protivobredovym kunomphumela ophawulekayo aqede iziyaluyalu hallucinatory. I nomuthi has a emnandi ngokulinganisela (ashukumisayo) umphumela. Ingasetshenziselwa ekwelapheni ukucindezeleka atypical nge lo mkhuba kukhathazeka. Ukuze ekwelapheni somatoform iziyaluyalu imithi "Triftazin" kuhlangene antidepressant futhi zinhlungu. Umthamo nomuthi kuyinto 20-25 mg ngosuku.

Izidakamizwa "teralen"

I nomuthi possesses umsebenzi antihistaminic futhi neuroleptic. Ukulungiselela "teralen" kuyinto sine mnene futhi kuye kwaba nomphumela omuhle ngezibonakaliso sinestopaticheski ipohondricheskih umngcele ukubhalisa izimpawu zengqondo ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ngokumelene somatogenic ezithathelwanayo, ukubonakaliswa semithambo e Neuro pathologies. Kabanzi umkhuba gerontological futhi Pediatrics. Kunconywa ukuba isetshenziswe izifo iguliswa kanye nezilonda isikhumba. Izidakamizwa ngaphakathi 10-40 mg ngelanga, intramuscularly esetshenziswa njengoba isixazululo 0.5%.

Kusho "Tiridazin"

Umuthi has umphumela antipsychotic nge aduduzayo ngaphandle kokudala ukupholisa futhi ukucobeka. Futhi, nomuthi uzabalaza ngokulinganisela timolepticheskoe senzo. Ikhambi ngempumelelo kakhulu ngokomzwelo imibukiso rastrojstvah, ehambisana nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukuvukwa amadlingozi. Ekwelapheni izimo emnceleni esetshenziswa 40-100 mg izidakamizwa ngosuku. Lapho ezinjengokungcoliswa neurasthenia, ukucasuka, ukukhathazeka, neurogenic emathunjini tekusebentisa iziyaluyalu zenhliziyo uthatha imithi ye izikhathi 2-3 ngosuku 5/10/25 mg. Premenstrual sezinzwa disorder - izikhathi 1-2 ngosuku 25 mg.

Izidakamizwa "Chlorprothixenum"

imithi Antipsychotic futhi kunomphumela sine kwandisa imiphumela izidakamizwa okuyiluthayo. izidakamizwa esetshenziswa ezimweni psychoneurotic libhekene kokwesaba, ukukhathazeka. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kuvezwa neurosis, kuhlanganise ngokumelene isizinda izifo ezihlukahlukene ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo, izinkinga zokulala, izilonda isikhumba, isimo subdepressive. kusho mg 5-10-15 umthamo, thatha imithi ngemva kokudla 3-4 izikhathi ngosuku.

Izidakamizwa "Flyuanksol"

Leli thuluzi has antidepressive, Kuvuselela, umphumela anxiolytic. Ekwelapheni uthi bacindezeleke ukuthatha apathic 0.5-3 mg izidakamizwa ngosuku. Ukuze ekwelapheni iziyaluyalu zengqondo nge subdepression, asthenia, ukubonakaliswa hypochondriacal umthamo wansuku 3 mg. Nomuthi "Flyuanksol" akakubangeli ukozela emini futhi akunamthelela focus.

Kusho "Eglonil"

Umuthi umphumela zokulawula phezu CNS, has a umsebenzi ngokulinganisela neuroleptic, okuyinto kuhlangene ezinye antidepressant nemiphumela ivuselela. Isetshenziselwa ezimweni izimpawu ubuthakathaka, ukucobeka, anergy. Sebenzisa in iziguli somatoform, somatisation iziyaluyalu ku ngemuva subdepressive kwemizwelo nezifo zesikhumba, ephelezelwa ukulunywa. Lo muthi ikakhulukazi wabonisa ukusetshenziswa iziguli okukuyo ifomu ezifihliwe zokucindezeleka, senestopaticheskie sifo. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa "Eglonil" nokucindezeleka nge evelele syndrome cephalgic, khona emizweni onjalo afana ngazo inzululwane kanye migraine. Ithuluzi futhi kunomphumela cytoprotective phezu mucosa esiswini, ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifana kolwelwesi, isilonda duodenal nasesiswini, ukuhluthuka wamathumbu syndrome, isifo Crohn. Umthamo watusa - 50-100 mg ngosuku, umthamo wansuku zonke kungase kukhule ku 150-200 mg uma kunesidingo. Imithi zingafundwa lihambisana antidepressant sedating.

imiphumela emibi neuroleptics

Njenganoma iyiphi enye izidakamizwa, izici ezingezinhle, futhi antipsychotics, izibuyekezo ababeyisebenzisa zindlela ukhombise ukuthuthukiswa kungenzeka nemiphumela engemihle. kwesikhathi eside noma kabi le mithi angabangela izenzakalo ezilandelayo:

• Zonke ezinyakazayo yashesha, umuntu ngendlela engenabulungisa ihamba bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, ngokuvamile ngesivinini. Thola ukuhlukana imicabango esilawulayo, ukuzola, ukuthola isikhundla ukhululekile, unga kuphela ngemva yokwamukela izidakamizwa psychotropic.

• Kukhona ukunyakaza njalo zamehlo, imisipha ubuso nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, obuhlinayo.

• Ngenxa lapho kubhujiswa lesi imisipha yobuso ukushintsha izici zakhe. "Etshekile" umuntu angase angaphinde abuyele evamile, uhlale nomuntu kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

• Ngenxa olunzulu ukunakekelwa neuroleptics futhi acindezele isimiso sezinzwa eba ukucindezeleka okukhulu, okuyinto kakhulu kuthinta ukuphumelela ukwelashwa.

• Neuroleptic - umuthi liyithinta ngokuqondile ku-pheshana emathunjini, ngakho umuthi idatha ukwelashwa kungakusiza uzizwe esiswini ukungakhululeki, nomlomo owomile.

• Izinto ezinjalo ezakha neuroleptics njengoba thioxanthene futhi phenothiazine, zibulale umbono womuntu.

antipsychotics atypical

izidakamizwa ezinjalo nethonya elikhulu la mangqamuzana serotonin kuka Dopamine. Ngakho-ke, umphumela anxiolytic futhi sine banayo kunalaba antipsychotic. Ngokungafani neuroleptics ejwayelekile, bona kancane kuthinte ingqondo.

Cabanga main antipsychotics atypical.

Nomuthi "Sulpiride"

Lesi sidakamizwa isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifana somatized nokuphazamiseka engqondweni, hypochondriacal, senestopaticheskie syndromes. I nomuthi ine umphumela isebenze isenzo.

Izidakamizwa "Solian"

Isenzo kwaleli thuluzi kufana ukulungiselela odlule. Isetshenziselwa ezimweni nge hypobulia, ukubonakaliswa bengenandaba ukuze cupping iziyaluyalu hallucinatory-kokudumazeka.

Kusho "Clozapine"

Umuthi has a imakwe umphumela okulalisayo, kodwa akakubangeli ukucindezeleka. izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe ekwelapheni syndromes catatonic futhi hallucinatory-kokudumazeka.

Kusho "Olanzalin"

Umuthi isetshenziswa iziyaluyalu ingqondo futhi catatonic syndrome. Ngekusetjentiswa isikhathi eside zomuthi angagcina ukukhuluphala.

Izidakamizwa "Risperidone"

Lokhu kusho atypical esetshenziswa kakhulu. izidakamizwa ezokuziKhethela has umphumela ngokumelene izimpawu hallucinatory-delirious, uphawu catatonic, disorder esilawulayo-abayimilutha.

Kusho "Rispolept-Consta"

Lena eside esebenza umuthi kuzole impilo iziguli. Futhi kusho imibukiso kusebenta phezulu bamelane acute syndromes hallucinatory-Paranoid endrogennogo genesis.

Nomuthi "Quetiapine"

Lesi sidakamizwa, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye antipsychotics atypical, ihlasela abesilisa Dopamine futhi ngezinye seratoninovye receptor. Isetshenziselwa ku paranoid, syndromes hallucinatory, injabulo eshintshashintshayo. Imithi has umphumela antidepressant futhi ngokulinganisela liphinyiselwe ukuvuselela.

Izidakamizwa "Ziprasidone"

Kusho amathonya le Dopamine D-2 ama-receptor, 5-HT-2 yokwamukela futhi sivimba reuptake ka norepinephrine kanye le-serotonin. Ithola ukusebenza yayo ekwelapheni izifo sibi hallucinatory-kokudumazeka futhi ngokomzwelo. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa is contraindicated ebukhoneni arrhythmias futhi kwezinso of yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Kusho "Aripiprazole"

Umuthi isetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo kuphazamiseka ngengqondo. Lesi sidakamizwa sisiza ukubuyisela umsebenzi engqondweni yethu therapy sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Kusho "Sertindole"

nomuthi osetshenziswayo lapho uthi inertly-apathic, izidakamizwa ngcono umsebenzi engqondweni yethu, has umsebenzi antidepressant. Nge ngokucophelela ukusetshenziswa imithi "Sertindole" e isifo senhliziyo - kungabangela arrhythmia.

Izidakamizwa "Invega"

I akunqandi imithi okubi kakhulu catatonic, hallucinatory-kokudumazeka, izimpawu ingqondo in iziguli bayasangana.

imiphumela emibi antipsychotics atypical

Isenzo izidakamizwa ezifana "Clozapine" "olanzapine" "Risperidone", "Ariprazol" ngumkhuba kuhambisana abalulekile neyrolepsii futhi endocrine izinguquko kungabangela kwesisindo ukuthuthukiswa bulimia, ukwandisa izinga lama-hormone athile (prolactin). Ekwelapheni imithi "Clozapine" kungase kube nesimo sokuquleka futhi agranulocytosis. Ukwamukelwa kusho "Quetiapine" ngokuvamile kubangela ukozela, ikhanda elibuhlungu, transaminases isibindi yanda, ukwanda isisindo emzimbeni.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi namuhla, ososayensi ezinqwabelene ngolwazi olwanele okubonisa ukuthi ungcono antipsychotics atypical phezu ejwayelekile akunjalo abalulekile. Nokwamukela yabo abayabelwe uma usebenzisa neuroleptics ejwayelekile kakhulu ngcono isimo lesiguli is hhayi waphawula.

Ukuhoxiswa neuroleptics

Njenganoma yimuphi neminye imithi, anezakhi ingqondo, izidakamizwa antipsychotic kubangele kwencika ezinzima ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. ukuhoxiswa okukhulu zomuthi kungase kubangele ukuthuthukiswa sonya eqinile, ukucindezeleka. Indoda iba baphelelwa yisineke futhi, asemikhumbini. Futhi kungase kubonakale izimpawu zesifo, ukwelashwa antipsychotics isicelo.

Ngokombono bokuphila umbono zokubonisa amacala afana izimpawu izidakamizwa neuroleptic ngesikhathi ukuqedwa: indoda sihlushwa ubuhlungu emathanjeni, ehlupheka kusukela ikhanda, ukuqwasha. Kwangathi ukuthuthukisa isicanucanu, uhudo nezinye izifo emathunjini.

kwencika kwenqondo ayivumeli umuntu ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimali, ngoba kubuhlungu ukwesaba kubuyela udangele, ukuphila kucindezele ngendlela efanayo.

kanjani ukuyeka ukuphuza neuroleptics, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa esimweni esejwayelekile zempilo? Okokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi usebenzisa izidakamizwa antipsychotic ngaphandle udokotela is contraindicated. uchwepheshe abanolwazi kuphela uyakwazi ngokwanele ukuhlola ngezimo zesiguli futhi ukwelashwa okufanele. Futhi, udokotela Ngiyonika iseluleko ekunciphiseni umthamo imithi yokuqothulwa. Isikali kumele kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokudala ukungakhululeki ezinzima. Uchwepheshe Eminye sinquma antidepressant, okuzokwenza ukusekela isimo lesiguli ngokomzwelo futhi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa zokucindezeleka.

Neuroleptic - ithuluzi wezokwelapha elikuvumela ukuba kulesetayelekile esimweni sengqondo somuntu. Nokho, ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle, qiniseka ukulandela izincomo udokotela akazibekanga medicate. Hlala uphilile!