Mshini ugqozi ukuphelelwa isikhathi. Isakhiwo nemithetho jikelele ukusebenza umgudu wokuphefumula

Ngaphandle ukuphefumula umuntu akaphili, futhi imizuzu eyisikhombisa. Lona umsebenzi obaluleke kunayo yonke emzimbeni, yize asizange senze imizamo ekhethekile ukuqaliswa yayo. Kanjani lo mshini ugqozi ukuphelelwa isikhathi? Yini kwezitho izinhlelo lisebenzisa?

umoya womuntu

Ngoba impilo nathi kudingeka umoya-mpilo. Lokhu liyisici esiyinhloko emishinini yokuphefumula, esinikela umzimba amandla futhi umzimba. Yena lingena emaphashini esimweni gaseous kanye emoyeni, zisakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba, okuyinto oxidized futhi excreted kusukela umzimba ngendlela efanayo.

Mshini ukuphefumula - donsa, exhale - usebenza njalo. Okwamanje umuntu enza ukunyakaza mayelana 14 enjalo ezinsaneni kwandisa ukufika e-50 Ukuphefumula indoda ingenye izinqubo ambalwa zingalawulwa uyaqaphela futhi ngokungazi.

Kwenziwa umzamo encane ngeke sikwazi ukulungisa imvamisa yayo kanye nesikhathi, futhi, uma kunesidingo, futhi ubambe imizuzwana embalwa. Leli khono kumelwe abe umuntu, isibonelo, Phakathi nohambo. Ukubamba umoya wakho isikhathi eside kakhulu, asikwazi ukuba, ubuchopho uyafa ngaphandle oksijini imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa.

Mshini ugqozi ukuphelelwa isikhathi

izidalwa eziphilayo ukunakekelwa zinezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi izindlela zokuphefumula. Ezinye zisebenzisa bonke ubuso umzimba, nezinye - gills, abanye babe ukukhanya. Kubantu, kukhona izicubu kwezimila yamaphaphu zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Izicubu limelela i-oksijini ukusetshenziswa viscera amaseli.

kwezimila yamaphaphu wenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili: negesi lokushintshisana ne-alveoli, bese ngegazi. Air emkhathini, umoya-mpilo-ahlanganiswe, sidlula ekhaleni, emphinjeni, tracheobronchial esihlahleni futhi zibe-alveoli yamaphaphu.

Batinikela emoyeni emgudwini wegazi, esizolokhu ke kuzo zonke izinhlaka izitsha. Kusukela igazi emoyeni alveoli Ufika ayegcwele carbon dioxide, okuyinto excreted kusukela umzimba kanye okhishwa ngamakhala.

indlela inspiratory futhi expiratory inikeza ukupholisa we-alveoli. Wafeza ngosizo imisipha yokuphefumula, okungase wenabisa esifubeni, okukuvumela ukuba ushayele emaphashini afika kwangu-7 amalitha emoyeni ngomzuzu. Ukwanda iza ngokuvusa izimbambo (ngokuvamile abesifazane) noma ngenxa aba diaphragm (yamadoda kanye ngesikhathi umsebenzi).

Upper ipheshana zokuphefumula

Inani umgudu wokuphefumula azifani, ngamunye wabo lwenza umsebenzi walo ohlukile. womuntu umgudu wokuphefumula ihlanganisa yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ipheshana zokuphefumula, futhi umgudu wokuphefumula uqobo. Indlela engenhla emelelwa ingaphakathi acinene, nasopharynx, oropharynx kanye ngomlomo ingaphakathi ingxenye.

Engxenyeni engaphakathi ngalo ingaphakathi acinene embozwe izinwele kanye mucosa. It uba lemifanekiso, umsebenzi kabani main - ukuvimbela uthuli, ukungcola kanye namagciwane ku umzimba. Lapha emoyeni sekuqala ukufudumala kanye humidified.

Iziteshi ababili ikhala ingaphakathi ixhunywe nasopharynx. Yena, ixhunywe tube Eustachian, unesibopho isinxephezelo ingcindezi.

I oropharynx sawela zokuphefumula futhi izindlela alimentary. Kuyinto okunomkhawulo izindonga ezingemuva futhi ohlangothini ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo futhi unesibopho pronunciation ecacile. Lapho ngidla futhi ukukhuluma ezithambile ulwanga liyaphuma, ukuvimbela ingress emoyeni futhi ezinye izinhlobo zokudla nasopharynx.

Lower ipheshana zokuphefumula

I pharynx ithwala emoyeni ukuze amalaka. Yingaleso kusukela ekuqaleni kwakhe ngesikhathi yomoya aphansi. Amalaka kwakhiwa abhanqiwe futhi cartilages ayibhangqiwe axhunyiwe ndawonye nemisipha kanye nemisipha. Imisipha kuyahlukahluka ukuma nezingxabano glottal izintambo, lapho umsindo ikhiqizwa.

Ilaka ixhunyiwe nge tube kufika ku-15 amasentimitha ubude - uqhoqhoqho. Futhi ukuphela kwalo ezidabula, kuphenduke ze- bronchi. The main umsebenzi uqhoqhoqho iwukuba kudlule umoya emaphashini futhi emuva. Kuyinto nezinqe yakhiwa uqwanga, ngakho umoya kugeleza nganoma yisiphi ematfuba entanyeni.

I bronchi zibhangqwe izitho, bese ufaka emaphashini. Kwesobunxele bronchus ohlabayo kwesokudla, ilungelo ingaphezu thwi. Basuke kwakhiwa izindandatho cartilaginous futhi imisipha bushelelezi, mucosa ngaphakathi camera.

Ngamunye wabo igatsha - ngakwesokudla nanye wabo, e eziyishumi ngakwesokunxele. Lymph node ku ramifications idluliselwe wamaphaphu lymph izicubu, igazi idluliswe nge imithambo bronchial kusukela aorta thoracic.

emaphashini

Khanyisa ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi aphansi ipheshana zokuphefumula. Basuke etholakala ngaphakathi komgodi esifubeni ngakwesobunxele yangakwesokudla senhliziyo, futhi base yabo isendaweni diaphragm. Ngaphandle, enamathela ningukukhanya pleura futhi isikhwama pleural. Phakathi kwabo kuyinto uketshezi igrisi okuyinto evimbela ukuhilizisana.

Amaphaphu yakhiwa izingxenye eziningana (ka ezintathu kwesokudla, kwesokunxele amabili), okuyinto zihlukaniswe iyizingxenye ezincane eziyishumi. Ngaphakathi zitholakala ze- bronchi, nakho zihlukaniswe bronchioles ezincane, acini, futhi uphele lapho sacs alveolar.

Baggies kukhona alveoli eminingi - imfundo eyindilinga, aluka capillary. Ngo abadala, inani imayelana million 700. Bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo negesi lokushintshisana.

Kulezi imithambo yegazi enikeziwe emoyeni elingenawo umoya-lufinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu. Igazi eshayela phakathi kwezinye imithambo ngqo inhliziyo, usabalala futhi zonke izicubu kanye izitho endleleni. In ukubuya, anika igazi, ayegcwele isikhutha, okubangela ngemithambo emuva alveoli, ukuze uthole ngokusebenzisa emaphashini, bronchi, uqhoqhoqho pharynx emuva emkhathini.

ukuphefumula umsebenzi

Mshini ezibonisa ukuthi uhogele futhi umoya ilawulwa isikhungo phakathi ezingemuva futhi oblongata medulla. Receptor ezilawula le nqubo ukuphefumula, esisogwini izindonga ze- bronchi. Air ukunyakaza futhi eyenziwa umehluko ingcindezi: ngesikhathi ugqozi ingezansi asemkhathini, futhi ngesikhathi umoya - okuphambene nalokho.

Khanyisa kungaba miss kuze kufinyelele 5000 namamililitha umoya phakathi inhalation futhi okhishwa ngamakhala. Kodwa esinevolumu evamile ukuphefumula kuba konke namamililitha 500 kuphela. umoya Maximum kungenzeka cishe 2500 ml.

Man akuyona exhale ngokuphelele zonke emoyeni. Ingxenye igcinwe ku-alveoli, kanye isilinganiso oxygen carbon dioxide banamathela ezingeni elifanayo. Lokhu umthamo obusebenzayo asalile kwamaphaphu.

Ngo inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula kuthinta amaqembu ehlukene imisipha, kuye ngokuthi imisebenzi yomuntu. Imbobo ehilelekile ukuqeqeshwa yabasubathi noma ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba, lapho buhle esifundeni besisu. Ngo Phumula enkulu imisipha indima intercostal.