Mount Qomolangma: indawo kanye izixhumanisi

Indlela isikhathi eside entabeni ibhande yonke sanyathelwa kulo lonke i-Eurasia yayigcwele. Wathatha emuva unyawo French Alps, kwelula kuya ezivulekile yaseNingizimu Vietnam. Aphakeme kakhulu entabeni uchungechunge backbone omkhulu neyaziwayo zaseHimalaya.

intaba ephakeme ufana negagasi edangalisayo ngiphelile, okuyinto sanyuselwa ezulwini. Crest igagasi, iqandiswe itshe, is amaHubo bugcizelelwa Elikhulu zaseHimalaya. Esikhathini uhla main zaseHimalaya, edlulisela eduze Borderland of Tibet futhi Nepal, wajoyina 11 vertices. Ngamunye zokhahlamba kukhona okwedlula 8000 amamitha.

amagama zomlando eliphakeme Ukhahlamba

Lapha, "abode iqhwa okuphakade" ezweni eChina, welulela Mount Qomolangma - aphakeme we zaseHimalaya "-thousanders eziyisishiyagalombili" ububanzi. Ezintabeni giant, lama esibhakabhakeni ngesikhathi an ukuphakama Amazing, kukhona amagama amabili. Nepal izakhamizi wawuqamba Sagarmatha - "Simakadze ngayo esibhakabhakeni."

NabaseTibet shayela Chomolungma phezulu (ukuhumusha - "Goddess Zomhlaba"). EYurophu, kuba - esiqongweni Mount Everest. Baqamba igama lakhe ngokuthi entabeni ngakho lapho u-India lalinenkinga inkathi yokuba ikoloni, ngaphansi kwejoka Great Britain, futhi isevisi kwendawo isimo ngaphansi kobugqila eliholwa Major D. Everest, oye wacwaninga ekhipha uhlelo entabeni.

Phezulu enyakatho yomhlaba

Massif zaseHimalaya ubhekwa indawo eyingqayizivele. Kulesi ekhoneni iyamangalisa imithombo Indus iGanges. IsiShayina Mount Qomolangma nge isimo salo esiphakeme wayaziwa eside phambi kwabantwana bakwa-Nguqulo Yezwe. izindela Tibetan esinqeni esenyakatho "phezulu esibhakabhakeni," eyasungulwa Isigodlo Ronkbuk esebenza namuhla.

Ngaphambi kokuba umuntu abe zibheke kwangaphakathi cloister egcekeni ujabulele indlela eyayiyinhle ngayo - umxhwele izintaba wobuhle ekhexisayo. Nobukhazikhazi isiqongo grand esiyitholayo kusukela entabeni maqembu ezakhelene babo amakhilomitha amaningi.

kumiswa Everest

ububanzi zaseHimalaya, ngokuvumelana zokwakheka komhlaba, wabunjwa ngomnyaka ka-kwenkathi zasendulo zaleli zwekazi Gondwana okuhlukene. Mainland waphula phezu plate. ipuleti Indian ezihambayo ohlangothini Northerly, yazithela chip Eurasia. I ngokujoyina we ipuleti zone kwaba kokucindezelwa we uqweqwe kanye kumiswa emphethweni omkhulu, anibizela zaseHimalaya.

ZaseHimalaya uhlelo entabeni kwakhiwa ezintathu esiteji grand ukuthi ukusakaza ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Yiba ukuphakama amancane "predgimalai" eningizimu ukwakha isinyathelo. Ngesikhathi ukuphakama lamagquma imayelana 1000 m.

isigaba Ephakathi kukhona afanayo, njengoba ephakama 3500 m. wasenyakatho ingxenye ukuphakama iphakama ungaphakathi uhla 6000-8000 m. Ububanzi entabeni zokhahlamba 80-90 km.

Kukhula zaseHimalaya Ukhahlamba akuyona okwesikhashana kuze kube manje. Ososayensi siqinisekise ukuthi ukuphakama zaseHimalaya luyanda njalo ngonyaka 3-10 mm. Ububanzi entabeni 75 iphakama ukuthi idlule ukuphakama 7000 amamitha. ZaseHimalaya Nepalese kubhekwe aphakeme.

Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke emikhulu aqwale iNtaba Qomolangma. Likuphi phezulu wakhe? It olubaluleke phezu komkhathi engapheli amaShayina. Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke ye-Mount Everest lizungezwe amanye iphakama giant ukuthi akha "ophahleni emhlabeni" ngempela ukuthi NAKA BHAKABHAKA phezu komhlaba.

Mount Everest

Intaba isiqongo, ngeqholo ezikhipha evela snows okuphakade zaseHimalaya, izivakashi bemibuso nobuhle izinto ezivusa ugqozi. Baningi abaqwali ukuphupha wokunqoba emithambekeni emaweni we Massif grand ukwakha umbhoshongo ezintathu emaceleni. Ukunqoba kwabo kunzima ezindledlaneni ezisezintabeni ngilulekela 8.848 amamitha (lena ukuphakama Mount Qomolangma) - njengodumo noma ilungelo elikhulu!

Ukuphakama esiqondile isiqongo esungulwe abahloli aseBrithani 1852. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwenziwa imizamo eminingi ukuthi ngabe ngimphikile igunya of Everest. Noma kunjalo, ziyadalulwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokuthi bonke zehlulekile.

Nakuba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi iziqongo okusezingeni eliphezulu ezenza umhlaba entabeni izakhiwo walalela abaqwali ukuba "seventhousander" futhi "-thousanders eziyisishiyagalombili", okuyinto kwakhiwa Mount Qomolangma, Everest, uma nithanda, abaqwali wayengazi ukuthi ukuzifinyelela.

Climate Everest

I steepness emthambekeni oseningizimu okuningi kunamanye amabili. Iqhwa asihlali kuyo, ngakho phambi kwamehlo abahambi livela nqunu idwala. Ezinye izindaba zika-emithambekeni embozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa, elula ukufika ku-5000 amamitha.

Ukucacisa izixhumanisi Mount Qomolangma, izivakashi bayaqaphela ukuthi isimo sezulu ngaleso "phezulu enyakatho yomhlaba" kukude ukhululekile. Lapho zokhahlamba ukudlalwa kulesi siphepho ezihlalele, ukuhlala e expanses yayo kuyingozi kakhulu. Thermometer eyeka lapha ngezithuba -60 ⁰ C, umoya amakhwela ngesivinini 200 km / h.

Climbing Everest

Wokudonsa magnetic iphuzu eMhlabeni eliphakeme Akukholakali. ngonyaka Abaqwalayo nonyaka zithunyelwa East, lapho Mount Qomolangma itholakala, lapho ichopho iziqongo zalo giant kudutshulwa amafu. Isilingo anqobe phezulu kukhulu, kodwa ukufinyelela yayo ubunye.

Everest nefilosofi ezinzima. Indlela eya esiqongweni yakhe wayala ababemi fidgety futhi azinaso isineke, ongenazimiso yobukhohlakali. Wayevame kuholela enhlekeleleni ngabo. Abaqwali uqale ukugibela ngesikhathi kwekhulu XX, wabhekana fiasco ngenxa imishini abampofu. Ngokokuqala ngqá Mount Qomolangma yabekwa abantu ngo-1953.

Abaqwalayo njalo ncintisana nobunzima ukugibela i-Mount Everest. Ezinye lizama ukukhuphuka emithambekeni ezineqhwa ebusika. Okunye uhlose ekhuphukela phezulu senqabe uthwebule umoya-mpilo. abesifazane Emancipated, abanobunye iqembu, sizame ukunqoba indlela enzima ngaphandle amadoda.

Nokho, ukumangala ababa nakho konke ukususa kuphela Reinhold Messner. Abangalawuleki Mount Qomolangma wamnikeza umusa omkhulu - ukubeka amarekhodi eziningana ngesikhathi! Wayelethwa ukugibela wodwa emthambekeni osenyakatho ukungabikho oksijini, wakunqoba Umqansa kuya phezulu izinsuku 3. Ngo-1992, ngesikhathi isiqongo akhwela abaqwali 32 eqenjini Russian "Lada-Everest".

Siyeza, + siqombola ngesikhathi sokugcina

impumelelo bomkhankaso sika akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni izinga imishini, njengoba phezu sezulu, okuyinto inquma nobude kweNtaba Qomolangma (27 ° 59'17 "E likh. m., 86 ° 55'31" ngaso. e.), kanye ukuphakama kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaqwali kudingeke siyeke engamamitha ukugula okwenzeka ngesikhathi okusezingeni eliphezulu cleaner emoyeni.

Ukuze anqobe yokunika yokuphela konyaka wathumela izivakashi ezingaba ngu-500. UHulumeni we-China ne-Nepal kukhona engakwenqeni uthole ilungelo ukugibela emithambekeni iziqongo nokhahlo. Manje cishe zonke emqansweni eyenziwa njalo inzuzo. Izivakashi bayavumelana izinkampani ezithile ukuhlela yokutakula at esiqongweni Mount Everest.

Abaqondisi Professional ziyohambisana abahambi kuya phezulu. Izikhungo izindleko abaqwali 65 000 zamaRandi. Le mali ifaka phakathi ukuqeqeshwa, ukunikezwa kwe-imishini nokuvikeleka edingekayo (ngokwalokho okuvunyelwa amandla ethu) ukuze okhandlayo entabeni umzila. Ukuze acclimatization futhi emqansweni kuthatha izinyanga mayelana 2.