Mikhail Tal - emhlabeni chess iqhawe. biography

It ngokuphelele ifaniswe ngemibono of genius: amehlo evutha, ukunganaki ngokubukeka, lokuhlushwa esigcwele ku okusemqoka nokuntula usizo ukuze izinto elincane lokuphila. Mikhail Tal wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi izwe isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kodwa namanje kubhekwa njengesici wayeyisazi chess, samuntu umqondo eliphakeme njengoba umdlalo esekelwe kanjani uthando, Improvisation, ugqozi, futhi methodical ukuhumusha ongakhetha. Impumelelo eyinhloko womuntu yakhe ukuthi akakwazi igcinwe kuze kube sekupheleni nombono omuhle futhi ukuthakazelelwa maqondana nabanye, naphezu ukuhlupheka futhi izinkinga ezikhathaza bemphelekezela zonke ukuphila kwakhe.

Akubona bonke

Okwakhe bemphelekezela kusukela ekuzalweni - ingalo sokunene Ezintathu, Umbala ukuthi abangane Entela ebizwa ubufakazi imvelaphi ezisemkhathini Tal. wokuphila Okuningi esisebenzayo ukubona isizathu salokhu anomaly wukuthi abazali bakhe kwakunguMariya igazi izihlobo - abazala, okuyinto igcwele amaphutha zofuzo.

Mikhail Tal wazalwa ngo-November 9, 1936 ku Riga, emkhayeni wabantu odokotela. Njengoba akusho kamuva uthi: "Ngangizama ukudlala isiphetho izingcezu omnyama." hambisa zayo zokuqala kwakuyingozi: izinyanga eziyisithupha emva kokuzalwa Wawa ukutheleleka egula like meningitis. Abazali abangodokotela, wayazi ithuba elincane kakhulu sokusinda, kodwa futhi wayazi ukuthi lokhu ukuvuvukala Lithinta ubuchopho ngezindlela ezingalindelekile, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuphindaphindiwe okwandisa nekusebenta umsebenzi waso umphumela ngempumelelo lesi sifo. Ingane yasinda.

ebuntwaneni emifishane

Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu kuyimi ingabe wayengazithethelela wande enamadijithi amathathu-izinombolo engqondweni yakhe, bese ufunda kusukela ngineminyaka emithathu ubudala. Impi umndeni Talay labetibambile e sibaleka, ku Perm esifundeni. Lesi sikole wathatha umfana ngokushesha ebangeni lesithathu, futhi Riga University, i-Faculty of the Mikhail Tal ukuthi usubhalisile, njengoba okuhlukile, nge iminyaka engu-15.

inkumbulo Tal kwaba lokukwazi. Umfana ngokoqobo eveza umbhalo ncwadi, okuyinto, njengoba kwakubonakala kwabanye, ayekufuna umzuzu okusheshayo. Leyo mininingwane, okuyinto ayekubheka njengenkinga ewusizo ngokukhethekile, wahlala enkumbulweni yakhe kuze kube phakade.

Kulokhu, uMichael akazange azibheke njengongcono a prodigy ingane. izithakazelo zakhe boyish akuzona sihluke izithakazelo ontanga - wayemthanda ukudlala ibhola futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi egijima ibhola, naphezu zokugula ekuseni nazo emsebenzini we nezinso. Kodwa kancane kancane ngokuphila kwakhe njengoba linencazelo - chess.

ekuqaleni komgwaqo

Eminyakeni 6, Mikhail Tal, ogama biography manje kuze kube phakade ezihlobene nale game lasendulo, okokuqala ngabona ibhodi nge izibalo. Kwathi lapho umntwana emsebenzini noyise wayelindele egumbini lokulinda ehhovisi udokotela yakhe. Iziguli kwenziwa umdlalo we-chess, elinde reception. Uyise wambonisa kanjani ukuya sibalo, kanye bajwayelane imithetho eyisisekelo. Ekuqaleni, lo mfana wathatha umdlalo kalula. Kwakuyintokozo yodwa, okuyinto ke kwahluka chess iqhawe esizayo, abiliswe ke, lapho eneminyaka engu-9 asithola umzala ngokuvakashela 'ka- womshado. "

Nge engu-10 waqala ukuya club chess ngesikhathi Riga Isigodlo Young Pioneers. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-12, wathola isigaba 2, 14 - ngqá eminyakeni 17, wayewenza kahle kakhulu. chess uthisha Okokuqala Tal - Janis Kruzkops - wayengumuntu umsekeli inhlanganisela, play asebenzayo. Endabeni Michael is esikhulu ikhono ezivelele futhi ethukuthela. Tal chess ayikaze wesabe ukuqhutshekiselwa okuyingozi, sibe nzima ukuma. Legendary izisulu "engalungile" we Tal - futhi ngokuyinhloko zivela "iphayona" yayo ebuntwaneni.

uthisha izincwadi

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo ukutadisha izincwadi kanye nomlando, ngokusobala kwakuvela Michael bedle umama - Ida Grigorevny, ebusheni bakhe eyayintula ujwayele Ehrenburg, Picasso nezinye humanities. Isihloko mqondo, ngemva kwalokho lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela University wadedelwa abasha uthisha Mikhail Tal kwaba "Ihlaya kanye namahlaya imisebenzi Ili Ilfa futhi Evgeniya Petrova." Ngokusobala, amahlaya brilliant Tal esingokwemvelo, ogujwa zonke - futhi isikhathi eside ukuhanjwa abantu ababazi kuye, futhi ngokulambisa abangane - kwadingeka isisekelo esizwakalayo.

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu wayesebenza isikhathi esithile esikoleni, kodwa ngesikhathi ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko baba chess. ukuqeqeshwa Philological kwasiza ngempela Tal ezifundweni zakhe journalism, ngokukhethekile, lapho usuhlele iphephabhuku esanyatheliswa e Riga, "Chess", kakhulu tsenivshiysya emhlabeni wonke.

Sally

Ngo umdlalo wakhe njalo ufuna isigxivizo yethonya emandleni angaphezu kwawemvelo, ibandla lamademoni - esikhanya kakhulu, oluyisimangaliso, egcwele ingozi, umcabango olungenamkhawulo nesitayela ezingalindelekile yokuqondisisa enembile ukuthi Mihaila Talya. Losers babefuna ngehlathululo ukwehluleka okuyiluthayo amehlo okuyinhloko amakhono akhe extrasensory. Labo abazi Michael kangcono, lemizamo ukuletha ukumamatheka - kwakunjalo kwezinye.

Vele Tal chess kwaba umkhiqizo yisimo sakhe sengqondo jikelele sengqondo ngokuphila. Isifiso aphumelele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze ukwazi ukuzwa ngokugcwele, incontinence ekufiseni futhi kusho ukuthini Ukuqaphela kwabo ubephelezelwa ukuphila kwakhe.

Lapho kwakukhona belungiselela ukulwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokumelene Botvinnik, ukunquma isiphetho isihloko iqhawe emhlabeni, wachitha yonke operation sokudla ubuhle Riga Sulamif Landau inhliziyo. Yomibili le migomo lifinyelelwe: Sally eyaba umkakhe, futhi - iqhawe emhlabeni.

Nazo-Olympus

ukunyukela Rapid kuya Tal chess phezulu, kanye ukuzuzwa okusheshayo of aduduze zabo isihloko yabo ex-jikelele - ikhasi edume emhlabeni umlando chess. Ngo-1957, i-Rigan abasha baba eU.SSR iqhawe e chess, zishaya zihlaba uDavide Bronstein noPawulu Keres - contender ngokuba umqhele emhlabeni. Esikhathini esizayo, kusenzima 5 izikhathi won Zonke-Union Chess Championship.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo endleleni phezu chess Olympus baba tournaments ngamazwe. Kulandele ukunqoba inter-zonal mqhudelwano contender e Portoroz, Slovenia (1958) futhi ngesikhathi 13th Chess Olympic e Munich (1958). Tal won international chess mqhudelwano Zurich (1959) futhi ihlolwe nyaka candidate Tournament eYugoslavia, eyayihlanganisa zonke ke izinkanyezi in the mdlalo: Smyslov, Gligoric, Petrosyan, F. Olafson, Keres nanhlanu Robert Fisher.

Fanisa nge Mihailom Botvinnikom for ubuqhawe zomhlaba owawuse kusukela ngoMashi 15 kuya ku-May 7, 1960 yaphela ukunqoba kokuqala ngoba Tal oneminyaka engu-24 ubudala, ukuthi ubani owinile imidlalo 6, isiphukuphuku 2 nengxenye yokuqala safinyelela amaphuzu 12.

Omncane iqhawe emhlabeni

Young futhi onekhono, behlakaniphile futhi ehlakaniphile, okwadingeka isitayela engakaze ibonwe ngokugqamile futhi eyingqabavu play Tal baba isithombe chess abalandeli emhlabeni wonke. Lapho amakhosi lochwepheshe wathatha isimanga ngesikhathi ukuvela ngasikhathi we "upstart" lapho ukubazi iqhawe elisha, uzizwa uzwela kuye isibe ikuyo yonke indawo kanye jikelele. Ngisho owaziwa phakathi grandmasters kanye chess zomphakathi kanye sociopath misanthropic Bobby Fischer yedwa Tal, ukudlala Blitz kalula achitha usuku lonke.

E Riga, Tal wafica isixuku omkhulu kusukela esiteshini ezandleni zakhe Sibhalwe imoto nge iqhawe abasha. Wavumelana wahlangana chess abalandeli babo bonke ubudala e Riga nakuyo yonke Union. Ngokushesha sase-Soviet Union kukhona ezimbalwa eziseBhayibhelini zalabo awajwayelekile enegama Tal. Michael Nehemevich babemhlonipha yokuthi akazange ashintshe indawo yokuhlala, ngisho nasezikhathini ezinzima, ungalokothi wazivumela groundlessly bekhala ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla ezweni lapho engazalwa ngalo, kodwa isibindi zezinkulumo zakhe phesheya kubange isithakazelo ngokuqhubeka kwakhe phezu ingxenye ejensi wombuso - esifanayo kwaba anemikhawulo ukushiya.

ukuphila okwalandela

Ngokuhamba belungiselela kumeshi nge Botvinnik entwasahlobo ka-1961 wangenela eziya ziba zimbi izinso izinkinga Tal. Waze wanikela ukucela ukuhlehliswa komdlalo, kodwa ngenxa yenhlonipho abaphikisi bakhe bavumelana zonke nemibandela Botvinnik. Ngenxa yalokho, Tal yayingawulungele ulwa entsha isihloko futhi ilahleke.

Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuphindaphindiwe engena wokulwela izwe chess umqhele, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Waba khona ithimba Anatoly Karpov ngesikhathi sokulungiselela yayo omdlalo nge Korchnoi futhi Fisher, okwenza neqhaza elikhulu ukuzuzwa isihloko yabo ubuqhawe.

Naphezu kwezinkinga zempilo kuhlonyiwe, wayengafuni ukunciphisa ijubane zokuphila. Ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, kokuhlukanisa kusukela uSally, umshado wesibili nowesithathu, ngokuzalwa kwentombazane, wahlala indoda abathandekayo bonke uhlangane nabo empilweni, iziphethe nabesifazane unsophisticated futhi elula. Wayengafuni ukulahlekelwa ngenjabulo etholakala kalula yemvelo - okumnandi, kodwa ukudla eziyingozi, yotshwala omuhle, ngabhema okuningi ... Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kwakubangelwa isidingo ukuvimbanisa ngisezinhlungwini. Okudambisa ubuhlungu futhi kwadingeka ukuba iphendukele izidakamizwa namandla.

gone Ezingakanqotshwa

Ngo-1988 Tal iwine i-World Chess Championship nemithetho mfushane futhi baba ingqwele lokuqala Umhlaba Blitz. In biography lakhe kwezobuciko e 1970-80 kwaba nezikhathi lapho unbeaten tournaments ahlukahlukene lalinabashumayeli 90 imidlalo ilandelana, okuyinto impumelelo umxhwele ngenxa yanoma yisiphi okuyinhloko.

I last party ezisemthethweni Classic chess mqhudelwano Tal iwine kakhulu, kwenzeka 5 Meyi 1992 e Barcelona, umphikisi wakhe kwaba uVladimir Akopian. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, waya ngokoqobo wasibalekela esibhedlela ukubamba iqhaza eMoscow Blitz Championship, lapho won ke iqhawe emhlabeni Garry Kasparov. Kwakuwusuku lokugcina chess mqhudelwano yakhe. Washona ngo-July 28, 1992.

Mihail Nehemevich Tal wehlela emlandweni a chess hhayi kuphela umdlali abakhaliphile omunye romantics lokugcina lo mdlalo wasendulo, kodwa futhi bavelele ngezimfanelo zabo siqu, okuyinto ukugcina enhle eningi abantu ezweni lethu kanye nasemazweni aphesheya.