Melena - umuthi okungukuthi? Ngena ngemvume kwanoma iyiphi sifo melena?

Zokwelapha, kunezindlela eziningi imibandela eyehlukile kakhulu futhi imiqondo. Ukuze ukwazi kubo bonke umuntu ongalifinyelela. Kulesi sihloko esifanayo, ngifuna ukukhuluma ngalokho kuba melena kwezokwelapha.

Inchazelo

Ukuze uqale ukuqonda inkinga kumele kube ne izincazelo imiqondo eyisisekelo. Phela, indlela kuphela ukuthola ncamashí ukuhlelwa ngalokho okuzoxoxwa ngayo esihlokweni okufakiwe. Ngakho, melena - okuthiwa hlalani yezokwelapha indle emnyama. Lokhu sezinyawo unformed nge iphunga esinuka kakhulu.

Kungani abamnyama?

Eqaphela ukuthi melena - esihlalweni esikhethekile kwezokwelapha, kufanele ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nokuthi kungani yena bangathola umbala. Ngakho, ngokuyisisekelo ukuthola sezinyawo umbala esimweni ukopha kakhulu esiswini, noma emva ukungenisa igazi lomuntu (isib umongozima). indle emnyama kubangelwa yensimbi sulfide, okuyinto eyenzeka ngemva ukusabela-hydrogen sulfide ne-hemoglobin.

Lapho usengakwazi avele melena? Izizathu zalokhu kungenzeka ukuthatha imithi ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, ingase isebenze carbon, kusho "bismuth" noma yensimbi amalungiselelo. Kulokhu, ngemva kwalokho angene endleni iba nombala omnyama, kodwa akanayo sekugcineni lacquer.

Isizathu 1. edla igazi

Eqaphela ukuthi melena - abezokwelapha hlalani izigqiki kufanele likutshele kabanzi mayelana nezizathu ivela khona. Ngakho, isiguli kuphela ukugwinya igazi labo. Lokhu kwenzeka kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

1. Hemoptysis.
2. Umongozima.

2. Imbangela Yangaphakathi

Ngokwesibonelo, kuholele okuvela kuyo le nkinga can izifo ezihlukahlukene yangaphakathi. Kungaba ukopha esiswini, okuyinto eyenzeka njalo ngenxa yomdlavuza esiswini, ukuguguleka acute, izilonda peptic, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, akuvamile - anomalies semithambo. Kwangathi yisimangaliso ukopha ngomphimbo. Ezimweni ezinjalo sikhulume izifo ezifana nomdlavuza emphinjeni, Reflux esophagitis, varices ngomphimbo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona namanje opha emathunjini duodenum nezincane. Zingase zibekwe izifo ezifana nezilonda peptic, fistulas, hemophilia.

Isizathu 3. ekunqandeni

Uma umuntu ukopha iziyaluyalu, kungase kwenzeke inkinga ezifana melena. Kulokhu, odokotela bavame ukukhuluma thrombocytopenia, haemophilia noma izilonda ahlukahlukene kwesibindi.

Isizathu 4. Imithi

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi kwabathile zenzeka black hlalani sezinyawo kungaholela ukuthatha imithi ethile echazwe ngenhla, futhi angase abe imbangela amalungiselelo ezilandelayo:

1. "Aspirin" imithi.
2. ejenti kwama-hormone.
3. Anticoagulants.
4. izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala (non-steroidal).

nezinye izizathu

Ukuqaphela ukuthi melena (lokhu kubizwa kwezokwelapha njengoba indle emnyama), kufanele futhi ukuthi imbangela le nkinga ingase kwale mibandela elandelayo:

1. Ukudla esiningi newayini elibomvu.
2. Uremia, t. E. isifo uma umuntu ubuthi imikhiqizo wamaprotheni umzimba.
3. Isizathu bangaba ezihlukahlukene izinkinga zezicubu zezinzwa.

Ukuhlola isiguli

Indlela eyinhloko ekutholeni izinkinga ezifana melena - lokhu Ukuhlola indle nesineke. Uma sinjalo akatholakali, kepha isiguli uthi kungase hlala izigqiki eyenziwa ukuhlolisisa rectal. Esimweni esinjalo kuyothiwa kuvuna kusuka indle ingemuva izindonga futhi eminye uphenyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izimpawu umuntu melena, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba futhi kungenzeka yilezi:

1. Isikhumba esiphaphathekile.
2. Ekuqulekeni.
3. Ukuncishiswa-hemoglobin amazinga egazini.
4. Goqa, t. E. inhliziyo ezesabisa ukwehluleka.
5. Umbala olukhethekile nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.
6. Ancishisiwe kwenhliziyo.

Zonke lezi zimpawu kungenzeka inkinga ezifana melena, ngoba isizathu esiyinhloko ivela khona kukhona zonke izinhlobo ukopha zangaphakathi, elibangela nezimpawu ezifanayo.

Melena e izinsana

Le nkinga singenzeka hhayi kuphela abantu abadala, kodwa ngisho imvuthu ezisanda kuzalwa. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa phakathi melena yeqiniso neyamanga.

1. Iqiniso. Kungenzeka uma ingane ine ukuhlukaniswa izinqubo igazi ekunqandeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba ingane opha isilonda enkabeni, kungenzeka ngiphalaza igazi, ukopha amehlo futhi esikhumbeni.
2. Amanga. Kwenzeka uma ingane ngesikhathi nokuwela emgudwini wokuzala kugwinywe igazi kwabakhulelwe. Iphinde singenzeka ngenxa ibele uma umdlezane has a ukopha izingono aqhephukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane ungase usigwinye igazi labo esimweni, isibonelo, acinene mucosal ukopha noma ukulimala.

Kukhona Kuhle kokusho ukuthi akufanele kudidaniswe melena meconium, kwesihlalo lokuqala osanda kuzalwa, futhi uba nombala omnyama futhi ukungaguquguquki efanayo.

Melena izingane ezindala

Wenzeka izigqiki hlalani futhi kungase kudingeke izingane zisencane amadala. Kulokhu kuyisiko ukusho ukuthi ingane ine ezithile ukopha zangaphakathi. Okuvame kakhulu imbangela ukopha iba Meckel diverticulum (ukwakheka azalwa naso, protrusion izindonga ileum). Uma sikhuluma nezingane, ukopha bavame kakhulu okukhulu, okuholela ukwanda elibukhali igazi. Nokho, ngokuvamile, abamnyama hlalani izigqiki ezinganeni kwenzeka ngemva ukulimala ekhaleni ngesikhathi game. Kulokhu, ingane umane iphuza igazi lakhe, okuholela ukuvela le nkinga.

Ukususa inkinga

Uma umuntu melena, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa ochwepheshe. Ukuzelapha kuleli cala, kungaba yingozi hhayi kuphela empilweni kodwa futhi ukuphila lesiguli (ngoba lokhu esihlalweni ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ngenxa ezihlukahlukene ukopha zangaphakathi). Uma inkinga enjalo lutholwa, kumele ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense. Ngemva kwalokho, odokotela ngeke cishe zithunyelwe esibhedlela kuhlinzwa. Kukhona othile Luhlolo eziphuthumayo endoscopic kufanele kwenziwe:

1. Colonoscopy.
2. Endoscopy Upper.

Ngenxa yalokho zocwaningo umthombo ukopha uchazwa. Khona-ke wonke amabutho kuzo bayophonswa ngaphandle ukumisa le ukopha. Nokho, ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu eziphuthumayo kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi akuvumelekile ukudla. Uma ngokunamandla ukuphuza, unga yamanzi aqandayo sips amancane. Nokho kulokhu esiswini futhi abeke ice pack.