Magnetron: isinyathelo futhi isimiso zedivayisi

Ukuze uthole kunyakaza yangasese nephakemeyo, zisebenzisa magnetrons. Amasimu Electric kazibuthe isinyathelo esinamandla okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, high-imvamisa kunyakaza zenzeka. Okuvamise ukusetshenziswa hlobo idivayisi kuyinto Multiresonator. Lesi senzo magnetron ku-electron emikhakheni emithathu nje:

• kagesi;
• uzibuthe;
• Microwave.

Magnetron: lalibukeka nendlela

Okokuqala lokhu gama lalisetshenziselwa ngo-1921 yi-American physics A. Hull. Ucwaningo lwakhe futhi ucwaningo abangu baqhubekela phambili, okuholela ukuvela izinhlobo eziningi magnetrons, yona eyaqala ukwenza i lisetshenziswe electronics. I-patent salokhu okusungulile laliqongelelwe Jacquet ngo-1924. Nguye owasungula le magnetron yesimanje, isimiso kabani yokusebenza kusekelwe nokuxhumana izinkambu ezimbili.

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi eyalandela kwakumane ukuthuthukiswa kwe-magnetron ukukhiqiza ama-microwave. Injongo eyinhloko kwaba ukwandisa imvamisa oscillation, okungase kwenziwe kuphela usosayensi Soviet. Banda ukubaluleka kokuqala kabili, usebenzisa zethusi njengenhlangano impahla anode.

kudivayisi

Inhliziyo anode magnetron iyunithi sakhiwa isilinda zethusi umgodi ngaphakathi. Maphakathi nalo, kukhona izimbobo emazinyweni, zingabantu indandatho uhlelo izimbotshana. Ngo phakathi anode has a imbobo ngokusebenzisa kuba ukuxhuma kwi-kwamandla. Futhi, anode ngakho ixhunywe cathode. He is intambo, kuba evuthayo futhi sidlula maphakathi anode. Ukuhlinzeka ekhishwa imvamisa high oscillations okukhipha enjalo isethwe kwelinye resonators. Ngaphakathi Ukuhluleka block anode. Ukuze ukupholisa ebusweni ogibele radiators finned.

Beka iyunithi ukuze wabanjwa phakathi odonsa ukudala kazibuthe amandla anele. Sungula voltage phakathi le anode kanye cathode, futhi ukuze ukugcina kahle icala iseduze anode. Amaelectrons kusukela cathode isiqala ukuhambisa ngenxa isenzo emkhakheni kagesi. Kufanele uhambe uye anode kanye magnetron, isimiso isinyathelo okuyinto kazibuthe, phinda it ngokomfanekiso kuya cathode.

Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza, lapho ama-electron iqhubeka emjikelezweni echazwe futhi ngenxa yalokho eseduze anode, kodwa wabuya, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele uma izimo ezithile emasimini ezimbili ezihlobene. Kulesi wombuso, anode kuphela ingxenyenamba elincane zonke electron asebenza ezintweni ezivela cathode.

Ukubuyela cathode we-electron esikhundleni. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka, ukwakha eduze anode ikhokhiswe ngesimo izindandatho. icala elinjalo elibekwe ingane iqala elasungulwa e-ingaphakathi ngamunye, kukhona ephezulu imvamisa kunyakaza undamped. iyehla iyenyuka okunjalo angawususa ohlobo izintambo, ukuhlela nabo kunoma yiziphi izimbotshana. Ukulandela lezi kunyakaza kudluliselwa kwi-waveguide (noma umugqa coaxial).

Magnetron kungenzeka ngokuthi insimbi microwave, ke ugesi, a cleaner, ukunyakaza electron kuthatha indawo emikhakheni emibili: electronic kanye uzibuthe. Lwenza isimiso magnetron wokusebenza kwalezi izinkambu ezimbili, akha eyesithathu - microwave.

isicelo

Zingasetshenziswa e electronics. Ngokwesibonelo, e ukulungiswa amabalazwe radar. Kuze kube yimanje, i-magnetron kufanele libe hhayi kuphela wophondo okuphakelayo, kodwa kusuka ukubonakalisa parabolic. Ukusebenzisa ephezulu umfutho pulses kuyinto elakhiwe ukulawula iDemo ishayela microwave ngemisebe. Ingxenye amandla kubonakala, ke ebuyiselwa waveguide kanye antenna ukuthi bakuthumela umamukeli. Ngemva ukucutshungulwa, idatha oluvela kumephu radar.

Nokusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

I amaziko, okuncike ama-microwave, isimiso yokusebenza kancane ezahlukene. I magnetron ngoba imethrikhi has ekupheleni le waveguide ngoba omsakazo ukuvulwa okusobala ukuthi akhiwa egumbini ukupheka. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba zihlanganisa isitofu kuphela khona ukudla kuwo. Ngaphandle kulesi simo, emi amagagasi kuzokwenza arcing, kusukela amagagasi kazibuthe musa ukuncela, futhi wona abuyiswa. Uma kuthatha isikhathi eside, le magnetron Kulula zonke ukugqashula kuyo. Izinga lapho ukudla ku-microwave ekulungiseleleni kuncike ngqo umthamo we magnetron.

Iningi microwave Ohhavini sinesikhundla Watts 700 kuya 850. Lokhu kungaba okwanele ukuba nithele inkomishi yamanzi imizuzu 2-3 nje. Magnetron for microwave "Saturn", kuye ngokuthi model, kungaba wekhono ezahlukene. Ukukhetha microwave le nkampani, ungaqala ke ngokuqhathanisa magnetrons, bese imisebenzi eyengeziwe.

Ukuthenga microwave

Lapho uthenga microwave oven kufanele wazi isimiso emsebenzini wayo. Abaningi bakhathazekile ukuthi le ndlela, e nombono oyiphutha wokuthi kuba umthombo yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye isimiso microwave, ukuthi leli gama lisikisela. Microwave - hhayi ukuthi abanye, njengoba "Imvamisa ultra-high." Yena ngemisebe, yebo, akusho buyoqhakaza, kodwa ukwenza inqubo enjalo kufanele baqaphe.

Microwave uqobo zisuka ivikelwe abanye kusukela microwave ngemisebe. Lokhu kuhhavini ifakwe inzwa ekhethekile, okuyinto ikhubaza magnetron uma umnyango ivulekile. Qedela isimiso umsebenzi magnetron okuyinto ukuthuthukisa ama-microwave ngeke bakwazi, uma esephula imithetho wokusebenza. Uma ubeka kuhhavini, isibonelo, endishini eyinsimbi, uyomane ukuvimbela yonke idivaysi.

Amagagasi abangelwa microwave Ohhavini kukuhambele ngaphandle hhayi ningi than ngamamitha amahlanu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi it is uma usebenza, kungcono ukuba angasondeli. Nokho, isakhiwo emakhishini iningi ezindlini ungavumeli lokhu, ngoba isidingo ukuphuma phakathi kwelinye ikamelo.

Inkambu kagesi a yokuxhumana heats ukudla afakwe-microwave oven. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo Ukushisa okwenzeka ngqo ngaphakathi umkhiqizo, lokho kukunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukudleka isikhathi sokupheka ukuze emva kwamaminithi ambalwa. Akubalulekile ukuba pre-ukushisa isidlo, okuyinto ukudla.

Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, odinga ukukwazi ukupheka Culinary ukulungiselela unobuqili imikhiqizo ethile. Sikhishwe iqiniso lokuthi isikhathi esidlula, futhi microwave Ohhavini kudivayisi ayishintshi, kuthathwa eminye yabo kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo we emakhishini abathengi abaningi.

Ukuthenga magnetron microwave

Ukuthenga ngokwakho magnetron, kubalulekile ukwazi uphawu. Hhayi ukwenza iphutha ukuthenga magnetron at microwave LG, kudingeka babe nolwazi lokho abayikho. Amandla umpofu kusukela 2M213 magnetron. Yena amandla okukhipha ngesikhathi umthwalo ejwayelekile futhi 700 kanye 600 W, ngokulandelana, anodic incazelo - 3,95 KvP, futhi imvamisa - 2460 MHz.

Magnetrons amanani ngokwesilinganiso lokwehlukile eziningana. The main zazo yilezi: 2M214. Kulesi imodeli, imvamisa kuba okufanayo anodic ukubaluleka kancane ephakeme - 4.20 KvP. amandla lokukhipha at umthwalo futhi oyisibonelo - 1000 850 W, ngokulandelana.

Amanani esiphezulu nemingcele ku marki2M246 magnetron. Lapho imvamisa efanayo mkhulu anode - 4,40 KvP, isilinganiso amandla okukhipha ngesikhathi umthwalo - 1150 W, ejwayelekile - 1000 W.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba bamelele izandla zabo

Noma yimuphi uhlobo magnetron ngoba imethrikhi LG, ungakwazi ukushintsha i-enye yezinkampani, njengokuthi "Samsung" okufanayo. Ngokufanayo, umuntu Ungashintshanisa magnetron for microwave "Samsung" engcono amandla isici kusuka kwenye inkampani. Uma imodeli abendlu microwave Ohhavini ezikhishwe isikhathi eside, bese uthola ingxenye elihambisana the brand kunzima kakhulu. Mhlawumbe nomkhiqizi uzisusile lolu hlobo ukukhiqizwa.

Kodwa ngisho noma omaziyo isimiso okusebenzela kuyo magnetron, akufanele bahlanganyele silungisa imishini enjalo ekhaya ngokuzimela.

Thenga magnetron for microwave oven 2M218 JF Daewoo zingaba ngabanikazi, wayala ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ngokuqondile nomakhi. Kubiza ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2.

Ngesisekelo umsebenzi microwave

Reheating ukudla microwave oven simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: ukudla iqukethe molecule yamanzi, it is, esikhundleni salokho, kwakhiwa izinhlayiya kahle icala futhi omubi. molecule Zinjalo dipole, ngoba babashayeli ezinhle amagagasi kagesi.

isiphetho

I zokugwema ukuphuka njalo we-microwave oven - ukuwohloka of the magnetron. Thenga magnetron at microwave LG (njengoba ngempela nezinye abakhiqizi idatha zasendlini) futhi esikhundleni salo wedwa kuyinto ngempela eziyinkinga. Ngisho noma kukhona isici efanelekayo, bawubeka can master kuphela.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge idivayisi kuwufanele intengo yalo kuqhathaniswa izindleko microwave. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ukukhanda kuzodla imali eningi ukwedlula ukuthenga. Njalo ake ucabangele lokhu isici.

Ngakho, sasithola isizathu kunethuba ezifana magnetron, futhi kulokho izindawo isetshenziswa.