Likuphi Malay (Peninsula)? Amazwe esisogwini Peninsula Malay

Bambalwa abantu wayezwile ngobunzima khona eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia Malay Peninsula, nakuba asikwazi ngokuthi encane. Whoever guided endaweni geography kancane, uyokwazi kangcono ukubona ngeso lengqondo lapho isici ezindawo, uma sikhumbula lesi siqhingi owaziwa njengo eSingapore yeSumatra. Eyokuqala yalezi eningizimu yale nhlonhlo, kanti owesibili - eningizimu-ntshonalanga. YeSumatra futhi enhlonhlweni wabelane nge eStraits of Malacca.

Malacca - nhlonhlo, ogama insimu ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu. Ngalinye lawo lingelawo omunye uthi: eseningizimu - Malaysia, North - Thailand futhi enyakatho-ntshonalanga - Myanmar.

Umnotho yeNhlonhlo Malay

Rubber ubhekwa izinto ezasetshenziselwa kuyiphi enhlonhlweni uthola imali kakhulu. It hhayi kuphela, kodwa ukhule is phansi ukucutshungulwa eyinhloko. Ukuhlanganyela encane emnothweni zaba ukutshala oilseed zikakhukhunathi izintende, irayisi. Njengoba kule nhlonhlo kwaphoqa kakhulu olwandle, futhi cishe zonke izinhlangothi it is wageza ngasemanzini, akumangalisi ukuthi izakhamuzi zendawo bekwi nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini ukubamba izinhlanzi. Ukuze nezimboni akuzona nhlonhlo ezikhangayo kakhulu Malacca. Mineral izimali zingekho.

Lapha misela bauxite - aluminium emkhandweni wensimbi. Akunjalo kudala ukuthuthukisa ezifakwa tin netshe, kodwa muva nje ukusebenza imisiwe ngenxa kokunciphisa ivolumu. Amazwe esisogwini Peninsula Malay, baziphilisa ukukhiqizwa iraba nokudoba.

Mayelana nomlando

Labo abangabhalisiwe ulingeka kuphela wayithatha yonke le nhlonhlo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa esikhathini 1-6 eminyaka BC engxenyeni esenyakatho Malacca ngaphansi kokulawula Funan isimo.

Kusukela 7th ekhulwini le-14, inhlonhlo ye-yayiyingxenye yeSumatra - Srivijaya Empire, indawo isixazululo wezempi umbuzo isimo ifikile Majapahit. Ngalesi sikhathi, le ngxenye mpumalanga Asia, Indo-Buddhism safinyelela apogee yayo.

Phakathi 1400 futhi 1403 ngonyaka ngemiyalo yezikhulu isikhulu okuthiwa Parameswara yeSumatra waqala ukwakhiwa kwedolobha Melaka. Indawo okwakhethwa kahle - emlonyeni emfuleni, ogwini Strait of igama elifanayo - itheku lalingelihle ngikhululekile eziyingxenye yesu lobuciko. Indawo kunenzuzo phakathi yamazwe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla base-Asiya, ubhekwa ngaphandle kwelaseNdiya neChina, kamuva nomthelela yokuthi emzini Melaka isibe elikhula ngokushesha Sekutsenga hhayi kuphela kule nhlonhlo. Phakathi isigamu sekhulu leminyaka ke ababalwayo ezingaphezu kuka-50 eziyinkulungwane.

Ngo 1405 bafike endaweni nhlonhlo njengoba yinxusa, Admiral Chzhen Wanikela ukusekelwa wonke uMbuso Celestial phezu nhlonhlo futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izwe elingumakhelwane yaseSiam ngeke esaphinda enze izimangalo. Isibusiso isikhulu Chinese Parameswara wanikezwa isihloko King yale nhlonhlo, futhi kanye eziqhingini eziseduze. Fika sibaningi kusukela abathengisi Arab alethwe inkolo Malacca entsha, okuyinto ngokushesha won ezingqondweni nasezinhliziyweni bendawo. Inkosi Parasvara, ukugcina ijubane ne izikhathi, 1414 wanquma ukuba abe Muslim ngegama elisha - Megat Iskandar Shah. Malacca - inhlonhlo Lowo okubonile izinguquko eziningi.

Impi, ekuvimbeleni ukukhumuzeka

Ngo 1424 impi aphumelela phakathi olandelanayo Malay-isi-Javanese Izicukuthwane, besendaweni ka ubuHindu iqembu eliholwa abathengisi Muslim. Ukulwa yaphela ngo 1445, kwaba umphumela ekunqobeni amaqembu Islamic. UMbusi izwe kwaba Raja Kasim, ophinda abe Sultan Muzaffar Shah I.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka nasekuqaleni 16, uyasuka imikhumbi yezohwebo basemazweni angomakhelwane, kusukela Ephakathi futhi eMpumalanga Eseduze, zilethwe ethekwini zobumba, usilika, izindwangu, igolide, amakinati, pepper kanye nezinye izinongo, camphor kanye sandalwood. Kunalokho akhishelwe khona ithini, okubeka ama-Sultanate misela ngamanani amakhulu. Peninsula Malay kuyingxenye emkhawulweni aseningizimu Peninsula Indochinese.

Isimo lapho izinduna ayikwazanga behlukanisa amandla, okwamanje lezi ziyingi isinqumo zehlulekile ukufinyelela isivumelwano isi-Javanese futhi abathengisi Chinese ngezinye izikhathi wavukela akhonze. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi simo kuye kwaholela yokuncipha kokubaluleka Malacca Sultanate. Lokhu ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 wasebenzisa bamakoloni evela ePortugal.

Umzamo kuqala 1509 yaphela nge ukunqotshwa ngoxhaxha isiPutukezi malakkantsev ngokuzumayo behlaselwa abahlaseli. I-Portuguese wabuya ngemva kweminyaka emibili, eholwa Commander d'Albuquerque. Ngenxa yalokho we Storming ngempumelelo echwebeni osendaweni ezibalulekile lathunjwa baseYurophu. Sultan, wasula ekunqotshweni zabo, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye umuzi, bese alwa ukuthuthela esifundeni oseningizimu enhlonhlweni, futhi ukuthemba e Johor. Abaphumelele waqala ukuthuthukiswa endaweni wamakoloni. Ukulandela amayunithi yempi aba izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKristu, ababeka ezindaweni lokuqala yokukhulekela. Malacca Portuguese emva bamba le nqaba yakhelwa aqinise isikhundla salo.

Iziphathimandla Dutch babe

Ngemva ambalwa eminyaka Malacca waqala ukubonisa isithakazelo engumthengisi Dutch. Ngo 1641, cishe ngemva lokuvimbezela olunezinyanga eziyisithupha, idolobha namanje owayezinikele bamakoloni entsha. abanqobi Dutch isinqumo ukuze ukhethe indawo evikelekile esengeziwe enhlokodolobha. Yaba Batalaviya (e nothayi banamuhla - Jakarta) kanye nomuzi wathola isimo Malay umlindi eliqaphile.

Dutch nhlonhlo ephethwe cishe ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu iminyaka, kuze ku 1795 ongafikanga lapha ka izimbangi zabo - LaseBrithani. Ngo 1818 futhi 1824 kwaba noshintsho zokucindezela, ushintsho yayo kusukela British kuze Dutch, bese okuphambene nalokho. Unyaka Malacca Kusukela 1826 (enhlonhlweni) Ekugcineni baba ingxenye umbuso wamakoloni England.

Eminyakeni 1946-1948 esifundeni South-East Asia, Peninsula Malay ukuthi ezisohlwini Malayan Union ngo-1948 - i-Federation esizimele Malaya. Ngo-1963, Malacca, wathola isimo isimo, wangena isimo Malaysia.

Modern Peninsula Malay

Emakhulwini eminyaka wokuba ngaphansi amandla sesiShayina sokuqala, bese baseYurophu, ikakhulukazi isiPutukezi, sabonakala ekuthuthukiseni impucuko le nhlonhlo. Ukuze abameleli kokubili impucuko libhekene zokuhlala emiphakathini ezihlangene. It is ngokuqondile endaweni lapho Peninsula Malay.

Cishe lonke ugu kusukela Strait of Malacca kunentaba ephakeme emabhishi esihle, okuyinto oluneziqhingi ezimnandi ezimhlophe isihlabathi umbala. Ilinde tide ongaphakeme, izivakashi bazokwazi ukuqoqa eziningi zasolwandle nge Umbala eyingqayizivele kanye namafomu esiyingqayizivele.

Nezokungcebeleka kuhlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, Canoeing noma isikebhe, obumangalisayo-scuba diving ekujuleni kolwandle.

Inhlokodolobha nakwamanye amadolobha

Enhlonhlweni iyinhloko-dolobha isimo Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur, esemgwaqweni engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga.

Esikhathini elikhulu esikhumulweni sezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 namahhovisi-ka izindiza emhlabeni wonke. Malacca - inhlonhlo ukuthi evakashela izinkulungwane zezivakashi minyaka yonke.

Kuala Lumpur idume eziningi kangaka ezikhangayo, Ukuvakashela okuzoba kuphela okuvelayo olufudumele: Menara umbhoshongo ukuphakama 421 imitha, 88-storey Petronas Twin Towers, Amapaki 'Gardens ichibi "nge endaweni ingqikithi 91,6 amahektha, endaweni Datan Merdeka Palace Sultan Abdul Samad nabanye.