EPrague, isikhumbuzo uStalin. History of the lesikhumbuzo "Abantu yeCzechoslovakia - umkhululi yayo"

Ibhange kwesokunxele River Vltava, budebuduze laseChekhov Bridge, Okumangazayo futhi ngezindlela ezithile ngisho umlando ezingaqondakali. Lapha ngesikhathi esisodwa kwaku ngobukhulu emlandweni wase-USSR lesikhumbuzo kwamasiko. "Abantu yeCzechoslovakia - umkhululi yayo" - ngakho wayebizwa ngokuthi ebaziwe anikezelwe uStalin. Wama iminyaka 7 kuphela ubudala, kodwa ushiye isigxivizo ezicacile empilweni abantu.

Umlando kokudaliweyo wobuciko

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-40-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, iziphathimandla ukubeka phambili umbono: litje lesikhumbuto umholi omkhulu kumele afakwe bese edolobheni efana ePrague. Czech Republic, okwamanje iyisimo olulodwa Slovakia, kwaba sezenhlalo. Lesi sinqumo kugcizelela ukubonga abantu bayo ukukhululwa wobushiqela. Itshe lesikhumbuzo obekumele ukubonakalisa yobukhulu Stalin futhi endaweni lapho wonke umuzi kungabonwa shazi. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhethwa indawo ngempumelelo lesikhumbuzo. Kwahlongozwa ukuvakasha phakathi Charles Bridge ne-National Theatre, Vilhon esiteshini kanye Letná egqumeni. Ngemva kukhulunywe kangaka nasekuqageleni ekugcineni wanquma. Itshe lesikhumbuzo kufanele kokulondoloza, malungana laseChekhov ibhuloho. Indawo waphumelela kakhulu: uStalin zazilengela phezu komfula futhi ezungezwe zokungcebeleka zayo ezidumile: ePrague Castle, St Vitus Cathedral kanye inxuluma Karela Kramarzha.

Sawubona! Sifuna ithalente!

Ngokushesha ngemva ukwamukelwa izindawo lesikhumbuzo ezweni lonke kwathiwa emncintiswaneni phakathi Okugweda umsebenzi engcono. imisebenzi engaphezu kwengu-50 Kuhlolwe yijaji - abaningi bangathanda ukuwususa ayoziveza futhi amakhono abo. Kodwa okungcono neyaziwayo umqophi Otakar Shvets iphrojekthi, ukusebenza ngokubambisana owaziwa ngesikhathi umakhi Jiri Shtrusoy. Itshe lesikhumbuzo limelela wonke Ukwakheka: ikholomu, abanye abantu bemi ngemuva umholi oyinhloko ye-USSR. Ohlangothini lwesokunene zitholakala ngabameli eCzechoslovakia - isisebenzi, umlimi, umsunguli futhi amasosha. Ngakwesokunxele - ngabameli eSoviet Union (ukusebenza, abalimi, usosayensi kanye Army Red). Lokhu ebaziwe bekumele zifanekisela a bangasephula anobuhlobo lamazwe amabili kanye ubunye umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi. Nokho, abantu ubambeke ku-sizinze kakhulu futhi cishe baze igama layo: "Umugqa ngoba inyama".

Izinyathelo zokuqala yekwakha zendalo enkulu

Ngemva ekuhambisaneni nayo yonke imicikilisho aseqalile sokwakha ebaziwe. Ngenxa yale njongo ihlelwe iqoqo itshe bevela kulo lonke elaseCzechoslovakia. emnyangweni sesitimela ukuthi subordinated ukuba yigoli: ukulethwa ezinkulu omkhulu ukufakwa ebaziwe (kunjalo, njengoba bekulokhu kucace idolobha ezifana ePrague). Itshe lesikhumbuzo ukuze Stalin kancane baqala ukuvela. Kubekwa emisiwe itshe sokuqala senzeka ngo-1949. Wawuyini umgomo wazo wokuqala kuba ukwakhiwa lesisekelo onokwethenjelwa futhi eqinile. Ngakwesokunxele kuyinto ton egwadle nokhonkolo. Kodwa umsebenzi wokwakha langempela kwakuqala ngo-1952, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kuvulwa enkulu ebaziwe emzini ePrague. Stalin lesikhumbuzo Ingabizwa kufanele kubhekwe ebaziwe enkulu futhi eqolo, wadala e kwamaSoviet. It unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu 14,000. ubude bayo - 22 metres, ububanzi - 12, ukuphakama - 15 amamitha. Okuqukethwe engaphakathi lesikhumbuzo lalinabashumayeli kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo, okuyinto anamekwe izingcezu zamatshe eziqoshiwe wenza egwadle enyakatho-zamaBohemia. Sekukonke, amayunithi mayelana 240 yasetshenziswa. Ukudala, ukwakha kanye ukufakwa lesikhumbuzo wathatha abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-140 imiqhele.

Ukuvulwa eside elindelwe akuyilethi injabulo

Ngo-1953 uyafa I. V Stalin, akazange abone lesikhumbuzo elikhulu eyakhelwe behlonipha yakhe. Ukufa, "kusho umholi we bazo zonke izizwe 'kuhilelani inani lokufa simbe ehilelekile ukudalwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze abantu. Ngawo lowo nyaka Stalin efa ngemva Klement Gottwald, uMongameli we eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Republic. Kwakungeyona ezimiselwe ukubona indalo yakhe futhi Otakaru Shvetsu. I zamashumi amahlanu zazilukhuni kubo eCzechoslovakia: kabusha, ukucindezelwa, collectivization ophoqelelwe. Konke lokhu kuye kwashiya isigxivizo esindayo umndeni umqophi: ngo-1954, wazibulala ngumkayo. Futhi-ke, ngaphambi nje kokuba kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo, wafa Otakar.

May 1, 1954, kwaba khona lesikhumbuzo ezazitholakala abantu. Nokho, injabulo kufezeke engakaze wazizwa. Khrushchev wafika inkulumo ukuvulwa kanye wanika abadali Order of Lenin. Kodwa ngo-1956 eMoscow, ngaleso Twentieth Party Congress, Khrushchev wenza inkulumo eneka ubuntu lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa kaStalin. Inkolelo e umholi omkhulu zazamazama. Waqala Ukudilizwa mass lesikhumbuzo ukuze badunyiswe ka Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Angazi uhlale eceleni futhi ePrague. Stalin ngaphambilini ukubhubhisa lesikhumbuzo ngo-1961.

ebaziwe isiphetho ivaliwe!

Okokuqala, eliqoshwe umbhalo othi we lesikhumbuzo sinyamalale, "Abantu yeCzechoslovakia -. Umkhululi yayo" Futhi emva kwesikhashana umusho ezimbi ukuthi kwakuzwakala: "UStalin wathambisa isandla," kumelwe iqedwe. Sanquma ahlukanisa lesikhumbuzo iziqhumane. Eziqoshiwe kanye isisekelo akuzange kumenze nobunzima. Inkinga eyinhloko kwaba ukuqedwa ikhanda kaStalin. Yena enesisindo esingaba amathani amaningana. Kwakukhona ukwesaba ukuthi le ngxenye lesikhumbuzo kungenzeka sina kulimaze laseChekhov ibhuloho elise ngezansi. Ngakho-ke nabakhi ithimba wathatha emasontweni ambalwa ukuze ujike ikhanda lakhe imfucumfucu.

Kwabe sekufika yokudilizwa. I ingaphakathi we ebaziwe egcwele izinhlamvu, kodwa ngemva ukuqhuma, kwaba sobala ukuthi lesi akwanele. Wahlupheka kuphela ebhekene ingxenye. Ukuze abhubhise lesikhumbuzo ekugcineni, kuthathe elinye ukuqhuma ezimbili.

Ekugcineni lesikhumbuzo, owathatha iminyaka engu-7 kuphela ubudala, kwavala. Futhi isikhathi eside, kweze osindisa nomuzi onjalo omuhle njengenyanga ePrague. Czech Republic ngesikhathi wathonywa izinguquko eSoviet Union, kubangelwa Inqubomgomo Khrushchev sika. Lokhu kuye kwathinta isithombe yezakhiwo kuleli zwe. Cishe zonke ezikhumbuzo e Prague, wasungula "umholi ezizwe" wangaphambili, babhujiswa.

Indawo ongcwele akalokothi ezingenalutho

Cishe kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-60-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka kwenzeka eneka sehlelo ubuntu ka Stalin, hhayi kuphela e-USSR, kodwa eCzech Republic. Ngaba nengxenye emikhankasweni lokhu futhi ePrague. Stalin lesikhumbuzo ukuthi kudala acekela. Kodwa le ndawo namanje ezingenalutho. isiboshwa Huge ngaphansi kwetshe lesikhumbuzo aguqulelwe isitoreji imifino, yathatha engaba amashumi amabili. Esikhathini 90 zokuqala kwakukhona esifushane idwala lokuqala club ke isiteshi somsakazo.

Ngaphambi Universal Exhibition of Czechoslovakia wanquma ukusungula esizeni lesikhumbuzo ukuze Stalin Metronome. Ukuze iphrojekthi zivela Vratislav Karel Novak. Kwakuthinta kwacatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-pendulum omkhulu elifanekisela ngenakugwemeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izoqeda kuvulwa lo mbukiso. Nokho, Metronome kwesokunxele futhi emva kokuqedwa kwalo. Manje kufakwe izinkambo abaningi ePrague.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Manje inhloko-dolobha Czech Republic ingenye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu European. Lapha cishe njalo isakhiwo kungenziwa ngokuthi omuhle wobuciko yezakhiwo. EPrague ngo-June simele emangalisayo izingadi umbukwane izimbali, nensada elangeni. Ngisho kungazelelwe lapho izulu liqala ukuna ngeke siphazamise ukuma kwenhliziyo yakho, ngoba izinga lokushisa komoya inakekelwa ngezithuba 16-20 degrees. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, inani elikhulu imikhosi, amakhonsathi neminye imikhosi. Uhambo ePrague ayatholakala kunoma ubani ongathanda ukuzizwa izihambi okugcwele nobungane umuzi ukukhanya.