Luzhetsky Monastery e Mozhaisk (isithombe)

Sezindela sasendulo eRussia, kunezindlela eziningi. Omunye futhi elalidume kunawo wonke is Luzhetsky etholakala eduze Mozhaisk phezu loMfula eMoscow. Lokhu Orthodox eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithakazelisayo edonsela amakhulu izivakashi nangesigaba sesigqila, iningi labo cabanga kuye enye yezindawo ezimbalwa eRussia, ukuze kulondolozwe umoya ubudala zangaphambi wamavukelambuso zezindela Orthodox.

Lapho egcotshwa ngubani yasungulwa?

Mayelana nendlela sezindela Luzhetsky sokuba Mozhaisk (isithombe ekhasini lakhe) Isho okuningi wemilando lasendulo. Amatshe yokuqala yale eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithakazelisayo sabekwa 1408. Umuntu owasungula le sezindela waba umfundi Sergiya Radonezhskogo Ferapont Belozersky.

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa Isigodlo Luzhetsky umdala wayesethubeni kakade lapho efinyelela iminyaka engu-70 ubudala. Lokhu sezindela yasungulwa ngesicelo Prince Andrew Mozhaiskogo.

Umlando Omfushane uyise Therapont

Ukukhanyisa saint Orthodox wabonakala eduze Volokolamsk e 1337. Abazali bakhe nomndeni boyar. Emkhakheni umsunguli ikusasa Isigodlo wabizwa ngokuthi Fedor Luzhetsky Poskochinym. Saint wanquma ukuba indela zisencane ovuthiwe. Ufunga wathatha ku Moscow Simonov Monastery. Wambusisa ne ke Abbot uBaba Fyodor, kwaba indodana yomfowabo ka-St uSergiyu ka Radonezh. Kuthiwa ukuphuca ukhakhayi ongcwele wamukelwa ngonyaka 1385.

Ngo Simonov zokuxhumana ekhaya lezindela. Ferapont wenza ubungani nabantazana omunye uMfundisi ngakhethi - Ubaba uCyril. Ngokubambisana eyasungulwa Isigodlo loMfula Beloozero. Ngokusho yetinsita indawo yokwakha sezindela ubaba omusha uCyril wakhomba ngokwayo UnguNina KaNkulunkulu. Belozersky yezindela eyasungulwa ngo-monk ubekade 1398. Kuleli sezindela uBaba Ferapont wachitha iminyaka eyishumi eyalandela zokuphila kwakhe, kuze emenywa ukuba Prince Andrew ngoba isisekelo esisha yesigodlo.

Ukwakhiwa Isigodlo

Ukufika e-Mozhaisk, Baba Ferapont wabusisa indawo lapho ukwakhiwa Isigodlo Kwakuhlelwe. Inxanxathela yayakhiwe kwemali Prince Andrew. zezindela abaningi ensimini ka Russia zazakhiwe izinkuni. Ukuze ukwakhiwa zenkolo Luzhetsky itshe sezindela wakhethwa ekuqaleni. Lokuqala elakhiwe Cathedral of the kukaJesu we uNina kaNkulunkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zazakhiwe amaseli abafowenu esizayo.

Archimandrite sezindela entsha yokuqala waqokwa yena uBaba Ferapont Belozersky. Wahlala yokuhlala St Luzhetsky Virgin Monastery iminyaka engu-18. Umdala FERAPONT washona ngo 1426 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-95. Ukuze kwababusi uyise ongcwele Therapont zibalwa ngo-1547. Umdala wembelwa odongeni enyakatho Cathedral of the kukaJesu the Virgin. Kamuva kokwakhiwa kwethempeli phezu ithuna lakhe. Okwamanje, isisekelo uhlala kusukela isakhiwo.

Umlando Omfushane Prince Andrew

umbusi waseRussia, ngaphansi isimemezelo elimiswe Luzhetsky Mozhajskij Ferapontov Monastery, ukuthi uyindodana yesithathu Dmitriya Donskogo. Prince Mozhaiskoye waba e 1389. Lezi amazwe abangu washiyela kuye eneminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa ukufa uyise. Ngaphandle Mozhaisk, esesandleni sakhe kufakwe emadolobheni ezifana Kaluga, aboMdabu base-Australia, futhi Galichichi Beloozero lapho wahlala isikhathi eside uBaba Ferapont.

Umqondo ukwakha isigodlo lafika Prince Andrew ngesizathu silula. Iqiniso ukuthi kwakungekho zezindela enkulu anikezelwe kukaJesu the Virgin eduze umuzi omkhulu ezweni lakhe. Ngemva ukwakhiwa esigodlweni sezindela umbusi ngazo zonke izindlela wasiza Archimandrite wakhe. Prince Andrew wafa Mozhajskij ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha Ferapont kokufa kukayise - e 1432.

Ukudala Ensemble entsha

Namuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi "Luzhetsky Monastery" (Mozhaisk) kubandakanya, lapho-ke, izakhiwo eziningi ngaphezu babe lapho FERAPONT uyise. Idale Ensemble samanje Isigodlo waqala ngo-1523 ekuthatheni isinyathelo ke Archimandrite Macarius kayise eMoscow. Ngesicelo umpristi wema iminyaka eyikhulu, ithempeli ladilizwa Virgin. Esikhundleni salo sakha Cathedral ezinkulu ezinhlanu-oluyingungu igalari. amathempeli Painted ngokukhethekile abamenyiwe isikole wizadi ye noDiyonisiyu. Ngeshwa, esikhathini sethu yathinteka kuphela kwezingcezu ezimbalwa yasezindongeni.

Ngo 1692 ngokusekelwa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Joachim endaweni Isigodlo Yakhiwa ezintathu storey isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi. I abanikeli eyinhloko yesigodlo ngesikhathi babe amalungu uhlobo lwe Savelevyh. Kamuva wangcwatshwa uqimba lokuqala isakhiwo. Tombstones kubo njengoba yasezindongeni Ethempelini, ngeshwa, akazange ukusinda.

Kusukela lokho kwaba Luzhetsky sezindela izakhiwo (isithombe zesimanjemanje ethulwa ekhasini, isikali yayo ngokucacile) esikhathini esidlule alwaziwa. Kodwa kukhona isitifiketi, owawuthi ephakathi kwengu-1569 futhi 1574 kusendaweni yokuhlala yomuntu izingane ezine kwathunyelwa izithunywa zasebukhosini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi esigodlweni sezindela kwakukhona amasonto okungenani 4-ex.

The Church of St Ferapont

Lokhu ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo ngqo phezu izinsalela umsunguli we Isigodlo Luzhetsky. Lapho-ke aphethwe ithebhu yawo futhi engaziwa. Abanye abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ithempeli kungaba endaweni Isigodlo phakathi nokuphila the saint. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yayakhiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI. Ukukhuluma ngqo bokuba khona Isigodlo zitholakala kuphela imibhalo ye ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVI.

sezindela Luzhetsky Esikhathini Nezinkinga

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka 1605-1619 Lithuanian Ukuhlasela sika. sezindela bekulimele sina. Onke amabandla zonakala ngokuphelele. Le nhlekelele yenzeke kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho iminyaka 7 ngemuva kokunikezwa wenziwa kuphela Cathedral. Kule kekulu ethempelini eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nazo zonke abanye, naseLithuania abangu akhishelwe khona omningi amaholo imifanekiso, izitsha ezingcwele kanye nezinye plate sesonto ezibalulekile. Ngenhlanhla, lomngcwabo Therapont ubaba wasala njengoba yayinjalo. Kubuyiselwe sezindela eminyakeni ezayo ikakhulukazi iminikelo.

Abode ngesikhathi French

Enye inhlekelele Luzhetsky sezindela wahlupheka ngesikhathi sempi nge Napoleon. Ebanjwe Mozhaisk French ngisibeké ku cloister ezigungu Westphalian General Junot. Ngenxa yalokho, indlu yezindela aphenduka uhlobo joiner.

Njengoba naseLithuania, amaFulentshi baye Kwebiwe ngapha nangapha amasonto amancane kukhona izinto eziningi ezibizayo plate isonto. Nokho, ngenhlanhla, kulokhu umonakalo omkhulu sezindela abahlaseli akuzange kumenze. Ngokwesibonelo, zokuxhumana isonto. Ferapont wayezimisele ngokugcwele ngoba umqhele ngenyanga ngemva kokuphindela e-ubuzalwane sezindela.

Isithonjana Tinhloko Predtechevoy

Ngo-1871 indlwana entsha yeSonto St Ferapont kwahlelwa iconostasis kanye Holy See. Tinhloko isithonjana Predtechevoy walondoloza ngokuyisimangaliso epini 1812 (ohlangothini emuva kwayo yabhidlika oqoshiwe kuze) wakhethwa njengosuku ethempelini main. Chapel ngayingcwelisa kwaba behlonipha isithonjana Septhemba 1871.

Phakathi neminyaka engu-kwamandla Soviet

Njengawo wonke amanye amazwe Isigodlo, ku zeminyaka yokubusa lamaKhomanisi Luzhetsky sezindela wazibonela hhayi izikhathi engcono. Ngo-1929 wavalwa. Ingxenye bazalwane bahlakazeka, enye ingxenye - becindezela. Ngaphambi kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-Isigodlo isinyathelo workshop ukwenziwa kwemishini yezokwelapha. Eminyakeni yamathuna iziphathimandla ihlelwe emagalaji emafektri nge ukuhlolwa imigodi. Khona-ke isikhathi eside Isigodlo yasala dengwane ngokuphelele.

Ukubuyiselwa Isigodlo

Kudluliselwe Luzhetsky Isonto Monastery kwaba ngo-1994. Eyokuqala Episcopal izimfundiso ebandleni asanda kuvulwa kukaJesu zenzeka mhlaka-23 Okthoba. Ngo-1999, ngo-May ekuthatheni isinyathelo Metropolitan of Kolomna futhi Krutitskogo Yuvenaliya lidlule ekutholeni izinsalela St. St Ferapont. Manje baye bathuthela Cathedral of the kukaJesu the Virgin.

Ngo-April 2015, umbhoshongo isikhencezo Isigodlo ngakhuliswa insimbi entsha, okuyinto ukala 2.5 amathani. Ukuvulwa kwalesi indawo yokukhulekela senzeka ngo-August 9, 2015 Ngaphambi ukuthi lwathatha izinyanga 10, ukuvuselelwa umbhoshongo insimbi.

Izici isakhiwo yesimanje

Kuze kube manje Luzhetsky Ferapontov sezindela kuhlanganisa izakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• amaseli ne wesigodlo;
• umbhoshongo yebheli endaweni yokungcwaba Savelova uhlobo (1673-1692 g);
• Cathedral of the kukaJesu Blessed Virgin Mary (1524-1547 g);
• isisekelo, esele umphathisikhwama ekhaya (ekupheleni XIX leminyaka);
• Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary ne ukwethulwa Refectory (XVI isenti.);
• enyakatho nomzimba eningizimu esempumalanga (ekupheleni phezulu XIX XX e.);
• Isango Bandla isimo (1603);
• isisekelo zokuxhumana ethempelini. Ferapont;
• yamathuna.

Isango Bandla isimo of, phakathi kwezinye izinto, idume yokuthi ngezinye yokwahlukaniselwa yayo 1603, waya Boris Godunov.

Ngaphezu izakhiwo ngenhla ensimini ka wezindela ziye zalondolozwa futhi kwesango lasempumalanga, elakhiwa ngo-1780 sizungezwe Luzhetsky sezindela kocingo nge imibhoshongo 1681-1684 inkathi. On campus kukhona isango ipulazi, elakhiwa ngo-90 XIX leminyaka. Necropolis kuhlanganisa eziningana tombstones obudala engu- olunjengemfoloko futhi imifanekiso yamaqaba.

Kusukela ezindongeni sezindela inikeza umbono omangalisayo River Moskva. Eceleni Isigodlo, ngesikhathi izindonga zalo kakhulu, wakha edamini.

entwasahlobo

Enye ekhangayo Isigodlo kuyinto kahle amanzi angcwele. Akayena yini endaweni Isigodlo, futhi edolobhaneni eliseduze Isavitsy. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu umthombo wabizwa owawugujwe le Ferapont umdala.

Indawo ezungeze entwasahlobo kuyathuthuka - kukhona amabhentshi nokugeza. Umi lapha isikhumbuzo kuBaba Ferapont. Futhi edolobhaneni kukhona indlwana kanye esitolo esontweni. Ukuze ngifike kuleyo kahle, kubalulekile ukuma ezivelele. Efuna ukuthola amanzi ongcwele entwasahlobo Therapont kakhulu.

I yamathuna ka wezindela

Ezinye izivakashi thola emathuneni of izindela, esisogwini Insimu Isigodlo, esingavamile ngempela. Kubonakala sengathi i-tombstones amathuna okungezona ezakho. Iqiniso lokuthi abaningi basuke akhishwe akuyona izimpawu Christian:-swastika futhi Kolovraty. Yiwo la matshe afanayo amanga egcekeni. Uma ziye zasetshenziswa njengoba material for ukwakhiwa yesigodlo.

Mhlawumbe ezinsukwini ubudala kule ndawo ke yamathuna yobuqaba. Futhi ukuthi akukhona ukuhamba, abakhi lokuqala nje esetshenziswa tombstones eqinile sokwakha izakhiwo zenkolo nkolo entsha esemthethweni. Yiqiniso, lokhu limane ukufunisela. Nokho, kuzo izimpawu ndawo yobuqaba (futhi abanye amatshe nemibhalo eqoshiwe ngolimi isiSlavonic Esidala) ukuthatha Yiqiniso, ngehluleka.

Mozhajskij Luzhetsky Ferapontov Monastery: kanjani lapho?

Ngu ezokuthutha zomphakathi kusuka eMoscow kuya Isigodlo engafinyelelwa kusukela Belorussky Station. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthatha isitimela eya "Mozhaysk" esiteshini, bese ukuya esifundweni ngebhasi esiteshini "UMfula iMoscow".

Ngemoto kufanele kusishukumisele ku Minsk onguthelawayeka ukuze Mozhaisk. Khona-ke udinga ukukhanyisa ngasemfuleni kulandela izimpawu. Sekukonke, umgwaqo kusukela eMoscow kuze kube Isigodlo kuthatha amahora esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili.