Lokunameka upende: izinhlobo nezindlela ukusebenzisa

upende enamathela isetshenziswa namuhla ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene, ngoba libhekene izinzuzo eziningi. Esinye sezimo main ukuqinisekisa zonke lezi zinzuzo iyona efanele yokusetshenziswa, yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kukhona la ezinengilazi, njengoba zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Kuyini lokhu?

Upende enamathela limelela kwakhiwa upende ifilimu impahla imali endaweni ethile. It zingaba ku izinto ezihlukahlukene. kakhulu efanayo iyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yamakhemikhali lapho enamathela upende kwakhiwa, kuhlanganisa, ngokuyinhloko, omiswe, bese ukuqedela solidification we indaba isicelo.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko lezi ezinengilazi kuyinto sihlinzeke ngesivikelo esiphumelelayo kusuka kunoma iyiphi umonakalo kanye nanoma yimuphi evele azidlulisele okhangayo ukubukeka, nombala.

izinhlobo

Kuye upende ukusebenza izakhiwo kungenzeka kungenye yezinto ezibangela lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: manzi, uwoyela nemithi, sezulu ukumelana, ukushisa ukumelana, ukumelana amakhemikhali, ukongiwa kwemvelo, ugesi, kanye injongo ekhethekile. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama subtypes ezilandelayo:

• Antifouling upende (GOST P 51164-98, nabanye) sisetshenziselwa izinto eziyisisekelo embonini umkhumbi. Ngalo aqede ingozi ungcolisa izingxenye kwamanzi kwase kungomunye umkhumbi, kanye zonke izinhlobo izakhiwo wokubacindezela iyiphi ulwelwe barnacles, nezilwanyana ezincane noma ezinye izinto.
• Boneka enamathela upende (GOST P 41.104-2002 nabanye). It has ikhono luminescence esifundeni ebonakalayo bohlu ebukhoneni ukuchayeka emisebeni, ukukhanya.
• Izinga lokushisa-sensitive. Vumela ukuba ushintshe ukukhanya noma umbala ukukhanya ebukhoneni lokushisa ethile.
• Flame retardants, cishe yizona ezisetshenziswa kabanzi flame okuyinto ukuvimbela noma ukuvala amathuba ukuchayeka okushisa aphakeme evikelwe ebusweni.
• Antinoise. Kunikeza isivikelo Ukungena amaza omsindo ngokusebenzisa ebusweni.

Kuye ukubonakala upende liphethwe omunye amakilasi eziyisikhombisa, ngamunye ephethe laqanjwa eyingqayizivele kanye nesimo amakhemikhali ifilimu wangaphambili.

izinto

Ubude wanquma ukusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana izinto, esekelwe:

• Thermoplastic ifilimu Ababumbi;
• thermosetting ifilimu bangaphambili;
• amafutha yemifino;
• amafutha ukushintshwa.

Zonke ezinengilazi ebhalwe ngenhla ngokusekelwe eBhayibhelini kabanzi namuhla cishe yonke imikhakha umnotho wezwe kanye ekwandeni ekhaya.

izibalo

Ezweni ukhiqiza njalo ngonyaka amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 upende ukuvenisha izinto, kanti amaphesenti angaphezu kwesigamu wezindleko kulesi samba isetshenziswa emkhakheni isiqoqi sama-softwe, kuyilapho ingxenye yesine isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa.

Ukuze womshini ezinengilazi, iziphi ke asetshenziswe umhlobiso, usebenzisa ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe kakhulu elula, okuyinto ikakhulu ezihilela ukusetshenziswa njengoba ngesisekelo enjalo ejenti ifilimu ukwakha njengoba nginihlakaze aqueous of polyvinyl acetate, casein, acrylics nezinye izingxenye efanayo esekelwe ingilazi uketshezi.

Advantageously iningi amacala, ezinengilazi ezinjalo akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa impahla ekhethekile ezelekene, kanjalo ekufezeni ephakeme kakhulu ukusebenza ukuphepha ebusweni evikelwe. Ngokuyinhloko, ukushuba yabo zokhahlamba kusuka 3 kuya ku-30 microns, lapho ngenxa amazinga aphansi enjalo ngokwanele kakhulu sebehlushwa ukujiya ukuzimisela upende endaweni yasekhaya, lapho kungekho kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile.

ezinengilazi ekhethekile

Ukuze uthole multi-ungqimba enamathela ovikelayo, wenza ukusebenzisa izingqimba amaningi ezinto ezahlukene, ne kusendlalelo ngasinye has a umsebenzi othize.

Kudivayisi ngokuhlola upende ifilimu sisetshenziswa ukuze siqinisekise izakhiwo ungqimba aphansi ezifana ekuvikeleni eyinhloko, adhesion ukuba substrate, retardation ukugqwala electrochemical nabanye.

I enamathela enikeza izici esiphezulu nokuvikeleka kuzomele sifake izingqimba main amaningi:

• putty;
• primer;
• ungqimba phosphate;
• kusukela izingqimba kuya kwemithathu koqweqwe lwawo.

Kwezinye izimo, uma enamathela upende ukuze uqinisekise idivayisi yabonisa amagugu abanelisi kungenzeka eminye kumele ukuvenisha isicelo, lapho enikeziwe izakhiwo zokuzivikela kangcono kanye zokuhlobisa ezithile. Ekulungiseleleni esobala lacquer enamathela lidlule isicelo ngqo ebusweni izihloko, okuyinto kudingeka ukuthi unikeze ukuvikela okukhulu.

ukwenza

Inqubo zobuchwepheshe, okuyinto etholakala nge ezinengilazi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganisa ukuthengiselana kweshumi eziningana ezahlukene ezihlobene ukuvundulula ukulungiselela, sebethule Umdwebo impahla, omiswe bese befeza ukucutshungulwa Lesisemkhatsini.

Ukukhethwa inqubo ethile kuncike ngqo phezu uhlobo zokwakha kanye nemibandela yokusebenza ye-surface uqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucabangela ukuma ubukhulu bento lapho kusetshenziswe. Ikhwalithi nokulungiselela surface ngaphambi isicelo umbala, kanye choice kwesokudla onjani upende ukusebenzisa, kakhulu inquma amandla ingcina indaba, kanye nokuqina yayo.

Surface ukulungiselela kuhlanganisa wokuhlanza ngesandla noma amandla ithuluzi, esingu ukuqhumisa noma sandblasting, nokucubungula usebenzisa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, okubandakanya uchungechunge imisebenzi:

- degreasing ebusweni. Ngokwesibonelo, likhuluma ezikhethekile ukucutshungulwa aqueous izixazululo noma Izingxube ezifaka surfactants nezinye izithasiselo, ezihogelwayo noma emulsion ezikhethekile ehlanganisa emanzini yayo Ukwakheka kanye kuphela organic.

- etching. Qedela ukususwa nokugqwala, isikali, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ukugqwala ebusweni ivikelwe. Ngo iningi labantu izimo, le nqubo wenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuhlola indlela paintwork imoto kwenziwa, noma eminye imikhiqizo.

- Ukusetshenziswa ukuguqulwa izingqimba. Kuhilela ekushintsheni isimo yokuqala ebusweni futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa uma udinga ukudala ezinengilazi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphila isikhathi eside. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kufaka phosphating kanye namachibi (ezimweni eziningi, indlela kunenzuzo ka electrochemically ngesikhathi anode).

- Kumiswa metal sub-izingqimba. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-zinc-Plating ne-cadmium-Plating (ngokuyisisekelo usebenzisa indlela electrochemical phezu cathode). ukwelashwa surface usebenzisa amakhemikhali ngokuyinhloko eyenziwa ekushoniseni noma ukuthelwa umkhiqizo ezikhethekile isixazululo ukusebenza ngendlela ngokuzenzakalela noma ngomshini elihambayo Umbala. Kungakhathaliseki ezisetshenziswa izinhlobo ezinengilazi, ukusetshenziswa ejenti zamakhemikhali ivumela ukufeza high surface ukulungiselela, kodwa lokhu kuhilela egeza okwengeziwe ngamanzi ashisayo futhi omisa ebusweni.

Indlela yokufaka isicelo ezinengilazi liquid?

Ngemva izinto ezidingekayo akhethiwe kanye nekhwalithi ihlolwe umgwengwezi ikhethwa indlela elisebenzisa kwamanzi, lapho kukhona eziningana:

• Manual. Isetshenziselwa yokudweba ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo wosayizi omkhulu, kanye ukulungisa yasekhaya futhi ukususwa zonke izinhlobo ikhaya zamehlo. Ngokwejwayelekile kwamukelekile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo upende omiswe zemvelo.
• roll. isicelo ngomshini, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa uhlelo rollers. Isetshenziselwa coating yama-materials izihloko flat ezifana amafilimu polymer, sheet isitokwe coiled, amakhadibhodi, emaphepha kanye nabanye abaningi.
• inkjet. Workpiece Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa "umgubuzelo" ekhethekile ye impahla efanele. Ngosizo lobu buchwepheshe singasetshenziswa upende enamathela umshini, ezihlukahlukene zikagesi zasendlini, ngisho eziningi neminye imikhiqizo, ngesikhathi esifanayo i-izingxenye ngabanye ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ethela, kuyilapho ngobuningi kusetshenzwe imikhiqizo flat ezifana uthayela, kanye izakhi iphaneli ibhodi ifenisha kanye nezinye .

Ekushoniseni tetinkhombamagama izindlela enamathela ezisizayo ezimweni eziningi kuvamile ukuba usebenzise ukuze sisebenzise izingqimba kapende ku izihloko kulayini ukuma kokuba surface bushelelezi uma kunesidingo ukupenda nabo ngombala owodwa. Ukuze ukulungiswa ezinengilazi kokuba ukujiya mfaniswano ngaphandle nokuwohloka noma amabala, ngemva yokudweba imikhiqizo isikhashana igcinwe evala kuphela iyeza ngokuqondile ekamelweni omiswe. Lapha kubalulekile ukuchaza kahle ukushuba we enamathela upende.

Ekushoniseni ku okugeza

Ezivamile lacquer enamathela is best agcinwayo phezu emva umkhiqizo esuswa okugeza emva ogelezayo nokumanzisa. Uma sicabangela izinto amanzi yizinambuzane, lapho senziwa ukusetshenziswa ekushoniseni nge chemo-, ugesi kanye termoosazhdeniem. Ngokuhambisana uphawu isiyalezo ebusweni okuyinto iphathwa, futhi luyehluka anoforeticheskoe-cathode electrodeposition.

Uma usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe cathode ezinengilazi enjalo etholakala ngazo abe sezingeni eliphezulu ukugqwala ukumelana, kuyilapho iningi ukusetshenziswa electrodeposition ubuchwepheshe evumela ukufeza ngempumelelo ukuvikelwa ukugqwala of imiphetho kanye ISIZINDA imikhiqizo acute kanye izimbotshana yangaphakathi futhi welds. isici ezingemnandi lobu buchwepheshe kuphela ukuthi sisetshenziswa kulokhu kuphela ungqimba elilodwa impahla njengoba ungqimba wokuqala esiwumfanekiso yisivikelo, kuzovimbela electrodeposition okwalandela. Futhi uzinake Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndlela kungenziwa kuhlangene ngaphambili isicelo ikhekhe ekhethekile ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kwakhiwa kusukela ifilimu slurry wangaphambili.

Lapho esetshenziswa hemoosazhdenii impahla ukuhlakazwa upende sakhiwa oxidants ahlukahlukene. Phakathi ekusebenzelaneni kwabo nge substrate metal kwakheka kwalo lokuhlushwa sezingeni eliphezulu ion ethize multivalent, esihlinzeka coagulation ebusweni zamatshe impahla isetshenziswa.

Endabeni usebenzisa termoosazhdeniya kwenze wadala phezu evuthayo, futhi kulesi simo a ezitholakala emanzini upende impahla injected okufakiwe ezikhethekile kokulahlekelwa solubility esimweni bafudumale.

sishaye

Lokhu ubuchwepheshe futhi kwasakazwa izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• Womoya. Luhilela ukusetshenziswa dispensers ibhukwana noma othomathikhi ne pistoletoobraznyh upende ezingeni ^lokushisa 20-85 C, okuyinto ezidla ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Isicelo sale ndlela kuyahluka umkhiqizo sezingeni eliphezulu, futhi kwenza ukufeza okuhle izinga upende ezinengilazi kungakhathaliseki evele fomu.
• Umfutholuketshezi. It eyenziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi, okuyinto adalwe futha ezikhethekile.
• Aerosol. cartridges ezisetshenzisiwe egcwele Propellant nopende. Ngokusho GOST paintwork wezimoto kungenziwa kusetshenziswa le ndlela, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe Umdwebo we ifenisha ngisho ezihlukahlukene neminye imikhiqizo.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kusimo ezibalulekile, okuyinto zingafani cishe zonke amasu sputtering elikhona khona ukulahlekelwa kunalokho lobuKhristu ezibonakalayo aerosol entrained ukupholisa luhlala ezindongeni ekamelweni futhi esetshenziswa Hlunga. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umonakalo ngesikhathi Ikani ongafinyelela 40%, elimelela sibalo kunalokho abalulekile.

Ukuze ngandlela-thile sinciphise beshonelwe umntwana ngale ndlela, kube wanquma ukusebenzisa spray ubuchwepheshe in a high-voltage ensimini ekhethekile kagesi. Izinhlayiyana of indaba ngenxa corona osenyameni noma ophethe ukushaja contact is etholwe, bese imali kwi umkhiqizo ngesineke, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba ukhonza njengomdala electrode sophawu okuphambene. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela kusiza ezimweni eziningi kuthathwe ukusebenzisa ezinengilazi ahlukahlukene multilayer ku izinsimbi kanye evele elula, phakathi lapho, ikakhulukazi, umuntu angabona ukuhlukanisa izinkuni noma plastic nge enamathela conductive.

Indlela yokufaka isicelo powder izinto?

Ubude isebenzisa izindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo, okwakwenza isicelo of ezinengilazi ngesimo powder:

• ukufafaza;
• sishaye;
• sebethule embhedeni fluidised.

Preferential sebethule ubuchwepheshe kakhulu Lmc kuyisiko ukusebenzisa inqubo imikhiqizo Umbala ngqo emigqeni inhlangano ukukhiqizwa, kanjalo ngaleso ephakeme lokushisa ukumelana enamathela kwakhiwa ezihlukahlukayo umthengi sezingeni eliphezulu futhi izakhiwo lobuchwepheshe.

Futhi ezinengilazi umyela etholakala ngokuzikhandla yesikhathi esisodwa coating yama-materials okuyinto tifaka inhlanganisela izimpushana, nginihlakaze, noma izixazululo, ifilimu Ababumbi, kungukuthi elinesimo kwedivayisi thermodynamic. Lesi sakamuva may self-delaminate ngesikhathi ukuhwamuka we kuphela ezivamile, noma ifilimu ukwakha phezu Ukushisa ngaphezu lokushisa isivuno.

Ngenxa ogelezayo nokumanzisa ukukhetha ifilimu substrate owangaphambili inikeza kwandzisa ezingqimbeni ebusweni ezinengilazi, kanti eyesibili, esikhundleni salokho kuthuthukisa phansi. Ngakho, multilayer enamathela isakhiwo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe kule ndawo njalo ngcono futhi ngcono, kanti izindlela ezindala ukhohlwe. Kahle kahle, lokhu upende enamathela (uhlelo 55) ngokuhambisana GOST 6572-82 ayisekho osebenza ku ukucutshungulwa izinjini, ogandaganda chassis self ezinezinjini, nakuba ngaphambi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwakuvamile kakhulu.

omiswe

I omiswe ezinengilazi osetshenziswayo Kwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa kusuka 15 ^kuya 25 ° C, uma ubuchwepheshe abandayo noma zemvelo, futhi kungase kwenziwe at okushisa ephakeme usebenzisa "somlilo" amasu.

Yemvelo kusebenza endabeni upende esekelwe Thermoplastic omiswe okusheshayo ifilimu wangaphambili nalabo ezithinta izibopho unsaturated e amangqamuzana, usebenzisa njengoba hardeners umswakama noma umoya-mpilo, ezifana polyurethane futhi alkyd inhlaka. Futhi uzinake ukuthi kaningi omiswe yemvelo kwenzeka endabeni izinto ezimbili ingxenye lapho ukusetshenziswa ejenti sokwelapha Kwenziwa ngaphambi isicelo.

Omiswe materials e umkhakha ababevame ukucula ezingeni lokushisa kusuka 80 kuya ^{160 °} C, lo powder kanti ezinye izinto ezikhethekile nhlobo futhi singasetshenziswa omisiwe okushisa afinyelela ku-320 ^C. Ngokwakha izimo ezinjalo inikezwa volatilization esasizosheshisa we kuphela, futhi wenziwa ezahlukene esisheshayo thermosetting binders isibonelo, alkyd-melamine, alkyd futhi inhlaka phenol-formaldehyde.

Ethandwa kakhulu thermosetting enamathela ubuchwepheshe kufanele sifake hlangana okulandelako:

• Convective. Umkhiqizo ukufuthelana nge afundwa agcwalise isisu ngomoya wasempumalanga.
• THERMORADIATIVE. Njengoba umthombo ukushisa usebenzisa amaza okushisa.
• Inductive. Ukuze omiswe, umkhiqizo ibekwa inkambu kushintshana kagesi.

Ukuze uthole ezinengilazi esekelwe oligomers unsaturated wenza ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe njengoba ikhambi lapho zihlatshwa emisebeni ultraviolet noma electron ngesivinini esikhulu.

izinqubo ezengeziwe

Phakathi omiswe kukhona iqoqo yezinqubo zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba ukuthi ziholela ukudalwa kakhulu upende ezinengilazi. Kahle kahle, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukususwa kwamanzi kanye kuphela organic, ogelezayo nokumanzisa of substrate, kanye polycondensation noma polymerization, uma kuyindodana, ifilimu esisheshayo wangaphambili ukwakha polymers cross-ezixhunyiwe.

Ukudala enamathela powder izinto kuhlanganisa Fusion esiyisibopho ezahlukene kuyizinhlayiyana ifilimu wangaphambili, kanye ababambelela kwakhiwa amaconsi futhi ogelezayo nokumanzisa of substrate. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kwezinye izimo ezivamile ukusebenzisa sokwelapha ezishisayo.

Lesisemkhatsini ukwelashwa

Lesisemkhatsini ukucutshungulwa Ukuziphatha inikeza:

• Ukugaya usebenzisa izingqimba izikhumba olwalwenza engezansi upende ukuze ususe noma ikuphi lezinto angaphandle, kanye ukunikeza ufasimbe futhi sithuthukise adhesion phakathi ezelekene.
• Wokucwebezelisa elingenhla ungqimba nokunamathisela nokusetshenziswa nekhethekileko ezinengilazi etholwe ayebuthaka. Njengoba isibonelo, izikimu kwezobuchwepheshe umbala, esetshenziswa ekwelashweni zemizimba wezimoto kuhlanganisa degreasing, phosphating, ukubanda, omiswe, priming futhi angawokuphulukisa ebusweni kulandele isicelo uphawu, umsindo ezivimbela izingoma, kanye kokuqhuba ngaphezulu eziningi nezinye izinqubo.

Izakhiwo ezinengilazi imali by ukubunjwa izinto zokwakha, kanye nokwakheka enamathela uqobo.