Lokho neutralizes le mercury? Isixazululo for mercury demercurization

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi nobuchwepheshe njalo elokhu ivela futhi amadivaysi ezokwelapha electronic ziye zasetshenziswa ekhaya, mercury thermometer ngempumelelo ukukala izinga lokushisa komzimba kusese ezivamile yasendlini usizo. Kwenzeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa ishaya, bese kunemibuto lemibili: "? Indlela ukususa okuqukethwe thermometer" kanye nesithi "Uyini neutralizes mercury?"

metal ketshezi

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi metal - kungokuthile eqinile, okuqinile, elicwebezelayo. Ukunqunywa izakhi zamakhemikhali bohlanga of izinsimbi, namanje ngaphambilini Michael Lomonosov emibili engamashumi amahlanu edlule. Kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka cishe njalo, njalo umthetho has okuhlukile yayo. Lapha izinsimbi musa njalo ibukeke ngale, nge ncazelo, usosayensi omkhulu Russian kufanele ibukeke. Lapha mercury. Lokhu metal bangazihluphi iseli ithebula 80th of izakhi zamakhemikhali athuthukile wemithi omkhulu D. I. Mendeleevym. Kodwa endaweni eqondile ukuze athole abantu mercury - hhayi eliqinile, kungcono uketshezi. Futhi lena metal kuphela liquid zonke abawazi isayensi namuhla.

Mayelana izakhiwo ezimangalisayo kwalesi sakhi kumakhemikhali kungase sixoxa. Kodwa sibonga nezimfanelo zayo mercury - ikhemikhali elibalulekile. Lapho mercury isetshenziswa umkhakha yesimanje, okubonisa izici zayo siqu? Kukhona izimboni eziningi - kuzo zonke lokushisa wezokwelapha eyaziwayo yama-athomu ye-hydrogen amandla.

mercury ikhaya

Umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba, i-mercury yaziwa njengenye omunye izinto ezonakalisayo kakhulu engcolisa. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalesi sakhi chemical awukwazi ucabange izindawo eziningi izenzo zabantu. Izindlu ngokuqinisekile abaningi babe thermometer, lapho mercury uba inkomba lokushisa, izibani Fluorescent, flasks zazo zigcwele mercury umusi in ingxube nge inert argon igesi, abanye amabhethri Pop. Ngamandla abo, lezi izinto akuzona eziyingozi, kodwa kudingekile futhi ewusizo. Kodwa umonakalo kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezingathí sina wabo bonke ekhaya. Umbuzo kuphela ukucelwa uma indlu kungazelelwe yavela thermometer ephukile: "? Yini okufanele ngiyenze"

izinga lokushisa okunjalo ajwayelekile

Glass thermometer egcwele mercury mncane cleaner igabha - capillary, futhi izigaba isikali konke ujwayelene kusukela ebuntwaneni. Le yidivayisi evamile futhi kudingekile zemithi kunoma isiphi umndeni. Yebo, manje ungakwazi ukuthenga thermometer electronic ezakheke ehlukahlukene - kusukela senzelwe izingane ngendlela ingono okungelona le-contact. Nokho iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi inembe kunazo mercury lokushisa kanye nama-practical. Lesi kucishe nje izingozi abacathama lokushisa ukucabanga ambalwa.

Kungani-ke, kubonakala, kwakudingekile ukuba beveza thermometer mercury uma into esiza ukukala izinga lokushisa lomzimba, kuyingozi kakhulu? Kodwa uye waba ukuthi mercury ketshezi okuhlangabezana nezidingo olunembile lokushisa izilinganiso, ngokulinganayo ekwandiseni izithelo zawo, ephakamisa thermometer capillary. Yasungulwa izinga lokushisa mercury kwaba ngekhulu le-18, njengoba inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye i-thermometer utshwala. Ezweni lethu uye kwemukelwe lokushisa inkomba esikalini Celsius, emazweni aseNtshonalanga kanye eMelika, izinga lokushisa kukalwa Fahrenheit. Ukusebenzisa thermometer mercury ekhaya, bambalwa abantu abacabanga impendulo yombuzo othi, "okuyinto neutralizes le mercury" kungazelelwe uma kube izinga lokushisa ngobugebengu.

Live mercury

esintwini Mercury waziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Beautiful, amatshe ebomvu cinnabar iphutha - mercury amaminerali yemvelo misela abantu ukuze uthole upende elikhanyayo, ngamabomu lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi itshe Persian lasendulo ibizwa ngokuthi "igazi udrako". Futhi ngisho ke mercury esetshenziselwa ingxube - indlela ehlambulula igolide. Kwakubuye kube uyazi sezindawo anobuthi mercury yingxube njenge chloride mercuric, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku isetshenziswa lukalamula ukuze ubulale amagciwane. Mercury - metal esiyingqayizivele, uqala zigcwale amanzi at lokushisa mayelana -39 centigrade. Zonke wezwa ukuthi anobuthi kakhulu. Yini kuyingozi mercury womuntu kusukela lokushisa eliphukile, udinga ukucacisa.

Uma mercury engena endaweni evulekile, uqala shabalala njengoba amanzi kanye ne-ukuhwamuka asebenzayo iqala ngo 18 degrees Celsius. Mercury evala bazogcwalisa emoyeni egumbini, ikakhulukazi uma kungenziwanga umoya. Futhi ngakho emoyeni kuyingozi ukuba abantu, nezilwane, ngisho ngoba izitshalo zasendlini nenhlanzi e aquarium. Isici esikhethekile sale isici ukuthi uyakwazi buthelela, okusho buthelela eziphilayo, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokuthini. Mercury zanqwabelana uze umkhawulo ezibucayi lokuhlushwa yayo emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zikahle ngakho kusaqalwa ubuthi, okungaba iphutha ukukhathala, umkhuhlane okuncane, kodwa hhayi izinkinga zempilo ezingathí sina, okuyisimo esisongela ukuphila.

Kwenzakalani?

Mercury kuyingozi ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo, kwephula izinqubo umzimba, umuntu azizwa ngayo ebuthakathakeni lokuqala nokunganaki, okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zibe ukuhlukumeza kuzo zonke izitho: izinso, isibindi, inhliziyo, amaphaphu uhlushwa ngokweqile mercury emzimbeni. umphumela Lethal kungenzeka imbangela ushevu kusukela mercury thermometer. Izimpawu kanye nemiphumela ephefumula mercury umusi, noma, okubi kakhulu, mercury angangeni umzimba ngomlomo bayesabeka kakhulu.

Mercury ubuthi, iyiphi enye ezinobuthi futhi iyingozi kungaba oyingozi noma kungenzeka ezingamahlalakhona. ubuthi olunamandla libhekene ikhanda, ukuhlanza kanye amathe, ubuhlungu emphinjeni kanye esiswini, ukuvuvukala kanye ukopha kwezinsini, kungakhuphula izinga lokushisa komzimba. Acute sobala ngemva kwamahora angaba ngu-2 emva umthamo eside mercury abanjwe emzimbeni.

ubuthi Okungalapheki - umphumela ephefumula nokunwetshiwe mercury umusi in lokuhlala aphansi. Ngokuvamile eba abantu endlini lapho yake ngobugebengu mercury izinga lokushisa, kodwa yokuhlanza kanye neutralization ejenti akusilo njengoba kufanele ziye kwenziwe ukwenza.

Uma lokhu kwenzeka

Broken thermometer - kubonakala trifle. Udinga nje pick up izingcezu, ukususa mercury amabhola, kahle, namanje ukugeza phansi. Kodwa akunjalo. Iphahlazeka mercury thermometer - lena ibe usongo olukhulu bonke babe nokukhanya endlini. Ubuthi mercury umusi iqala ngokushesha nje lapho lwalezozinto uphawu ingilazi isibani uwela emoyeni evulekile. Umbuzo ukuthi neutralizes mercury zize kamuva, yadedela umbuzo kanjani ukuqoqa ke. Iqala eshanela, uxhuma vacuum cleaner, zidwedwe emanzi. Kodwa lokho abantu ngokuvamile ukuphakamisa yokuhlanza, ukusetshenziswa akuvunyelwe nakancane, nokususa iphahlazeka thermometer.

Mercury - liquid ukuqoqa ke, isibonelo, njengoba nobumba ibhola ngeke isebenze, futhi izindwangu elomile ukuba bayiqede, futhi, akunakwenzeka. Kusukela bhaklu iphula thermometer capsule, into iphuka ku ezinhlayiyeni ezincane, flying emhlabeni ikamelo. umsebenzi umshanelo kuchubekisela kuphela isimo, ngakho njengoba Amahlumela amabele noma zokwenziwa bristles mercury ubuhlalu ochotshoziwe zibe yizicucu ngisho ezincane. Ngeke kusize futhi vacuum cleaner, ngoba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzisusa mercury futhi ngakolunye, kanye emoyeni qeda ngesimo nothuli ithumela emuva phesheya ikamelo, ngaphezu ukuhlanza mercury cleaner wezindlu kuyodingeka ke indle, njengoba alihlambulule kusukela izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo mercury avimbekile yonke imininingwane, ngeke zisebenze.

Wet zidwedwe mercury singasuki kinid, nezinhlayiyana into enobuthi waqala ukusebenza kwawo, ezibanjwa embobeni phansi ukhaphethi Imicu yotshani kusengutsheni yoboya. Uma ekamelweni lapho izinga lokushisa owuphulile, kukhona ukhaphethi phansi noma umata, bakudla kalula kabusha, zihambisana esikhwameni obukhulu plastic futhi wasuswa kusuka egumbini. Kodwa nge ubulili mercury amabhola kungcono ukususa ngu ipheya yodokotela, uqoqa mercury embizeni ingilazi.

Ukuhlanza ka ngobugebengu mercury lokushisa ku izinyathelo

Uma kukhona lokushisa eliphukile, yini okufanele uyenze? Impendulo yalo mbuzo izokuba izincomo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni igumbi, kodwa kunalokho kusukela efulethini, yonke imizi, kuhlanganise nezilwane sishaywe kuze yokuhlanza usuphothuliwe.
• Vala umnyango ekamelweni.
• Vula wonke amafasitela gengelezi. I inflow air cool simatasa mercury ukuhwamuka futhi kuzonciphisa lokuhlushwa yayo.
• Gqoka buso kuhlinzwa, okugcono ngomshini iraba amagilavu ukushintsha ku izingubo, okuyinto ngeke kabi lapho sishiya ngemuva ukuhlanzwa.
• Lungiselela ipheya yezokwelapha - emjovweni embizeni ingilazi nge isikulufa Friend cap, i-potassium permanganate noma bleach, ngamanzi abandayo.
• Nika amandla ukukhanyisa okugqamile, njengoba mercury - metal shiny, futhi kuzobonakala ngokucacile ekukhanyeni okugqamile.
• Mercury kuyinto elula kakhulu ukuqoqa amabhola, abancela nabo nge isipetu futhi bephonsa embizeni; ngale ndaba yezokwelapha kulula kukhishwe mercury kusukela ayangena phansi futhi ngaphansi baseboards. Kukhona izincomo ukuhlanza wire mercury metal, noma amakhasi amaphepha, kodwa mercury njalo iyashelela iwe ngaphandle ku amaconsi emihle ngaleso kancane ukunyakaza angenandaba, ngakho-ke kuba isipetu kuwusizo kakhudlwana ekhaya lutho.
• Ngemva mercury behlangene, indawo lapho izinga lokushisa iphuliwe, kubalulekile ukucubungula isixazululo kanzulu nezibulala-magciwane eziningi - permanganate potassium noma chlorine, bawendlala ngamanzi abandayo.
• Bank ne-mercury izinombolo, emjovweni izingcezu thermometer eziphukile, gauze ngebhandeshi, buso, izingubo kufanele ashiwo SES, lapho aphoqelelwe ukuba amukele i-kabusha. Phonsa kudoti lezi zinto noma kunjalo engenakwenzeka.

Lokho neutralizes le mercury?

Mercury - into eyingozi eziphilayo. Libhekisela 1 ekilasini ingozi ngokuhambisana idokhumenti normative - GOST 17.4.1.02-83. Isixazululo demercurization mercury e isikali zezimboni - powder isibabule. Senziwa zensimbi ukusabela zamakhemikhali, turning kube kwakwakhe non-oluyingozi - sulfide mercuric. Le into isivele lula ngokwanele ukususa ngoba okuqinile, ngokungafani ketshezi kakhulu norovyaschie metal chitha kusuka kunoma iyiphi bathintane ubuhlalu elincane.

Ekhaya, izimo ezifanayo, kukhona kuyaqabukela powder isibabule ukuze bahlanze ephukile mercury thermometer. Kodwa mercury kanye potassium permanganate, noma mercury kanye insipho chlorine-aqukethe tando neutralize eziyingozi metal ketshezi. Yebo, kungcono kakhulu ukuba ukhiphe kuqala mercury njengoba ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka, bese iphathwa chlorine noma potassium permanganate zonke evele egumbini. Ubulili ungavele uthele isixazululo kanzulu okokuhlanza chlorine-aqukethe, isibonelo i-magciwane temathoyilethi. Phinda wokuhlanza "ukuhlanza" kungcono imali ngosuku.

Yikuphi okungcono - ane-chlorine noma i-potassium permanganate?

Kuyinto kuphela inhlekelele movie noma isenzo-iqhawe yezinganekwane sengathi bonke konga futhi kusindisa ezithile zokufa. Ekuphileni, kuzo zonke izimo ezibucayi kungcono ukwenza konke ngokwami kanye ngokucophelela, ngaphandle encike osizweni ngaphandle, ngoba kuphela emadolobheni amakhulu inkonzo, efanele wahlanganyela anawo yasekhaya ethwala imfucuza enobungozi kanye wokuhlanza ngokuhambisana kwavela ingozi. Ukuze ngesandla ukuqeda imiphumela eyingozi izinga lokushisa eliphukile, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela ngakwesokunene akukho kancane kunokuphakela amathuluzi ochwepheshe.

Iwukudambisa izinsalela mercury kungaba potassium permanganate noma bleach. Solutions kumele bagxila, ngakho-ke ngempela caustic. Ngo 1 ilitha isixazululo potassium permanganate kufanele uthele 1 isipuni uviniga bese wengeza 1 isipuni sikasawoti ezivamile. Potassium permanganate yokuhlanza kuyoba umbala acishe black, futhi nakanjani ushiye i uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa phansi. elula kakhudlwana futhi kulula ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo chlorine-based yokuhlanza kanye magciwane of indlu, 'mhlophe' efanayo isibonelo. Lokhu kusho emva mercury iphathwa ebusweni imizuzu engu-15, bese uhlambulule ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Lokhu yokuhlanza kufanele liphindwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka emasontweni 2-3.

Esikhundleni sokuthula okuphelele kwengqondo

Ngakho, izinga lokushisa mercury namanje iphahlazeka. Kodwa Demercurization kwenziwe kahle, ngokucophelela, zonke izinto eziyingozi ilahlwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho enhlanganweni ekhethekile ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezifanayo. Futhi ukuze uqinisekise bona umuzi wabo, ukuhlola umphumela, ungasebenzisa ekhethekile mercury umusi analyzer. Kuyinto strip test, okuyinto nokuxhumana mercury umusi ushintsho umbala. Liyindlela eshibhile futhi ezingabizi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha yamagceke, umemeza ochwepheshe ukwenza lolu cwaningo lokungena efanayo ekhaya. Yokusetshenziswa lokuvivinywa emapheshana enamathiselwe ebekelwe analyzer ngamunye, futhi angathengwa in okukhethekile ezitolo.