Likuphi isikhungo vasomotor? inani layo

Isimiso semithambo yegazi yomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngempela, sibonga ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo kwenzeka igazi nomoya-mpilo ukulethwa. Ngaphandle lesi sici, abantu ngeke bakwazi ukuphila. Kuyinto unesibopho lokhu umsebenzi isikhungo umzimba vasomotor. Kanye zonke izindlela zokulawula, kuba ebuchosheni. ukulimala kwakhe kuyingozi kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile aluhambisani nawo ekuphileni. Ngempela, sibonga isikhungo vasomotor iza ukusatshalaliswa igazi ezithweni. Wabuye kancane ulawula umsebenzi inhliziyo. Naphezu ukuzimela myocardium, ukulawula isimiso sezinzwa sisadingeka.

Umqondo isikhungo vasomotor

Umqondo "vasomotor isikhungo" achazwa ngale ndlela: kungcono i kumiswa yokwakheka, elise ubuchopho. Nokho, leli gama kufanele kubhekwe ebanzi. Okokuqala akuyona umzimba, kodwa iqoqo zokwakheka, ehlanganisa nerve izicubu. ingxenye ngayinye unesibopho imisebenzi ethize. Noma kunjalo, zonke zisebenzelana ngobunye ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi imisebenzi uhlelo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Lezi isikhungo neminyango vasomotor engahlangene nje kuphela ezisebenza kodwa anatomically. Okungukuthi, yi-izinzwa. Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-ukulawulwa isimiso semithambo yegazi, yabe seyaziwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ekuqhubeni isilwane ucwaningo usosayensi Ovseanicov wathola ukuthi ukusika ijwabu sezinzwa elise ngezansi colliculus by, kunezinguquko wegazi. Physiologist waphetha: yephule lesi isakhiwo kubangela izitsha ukunwetshwa ubuchopho, nezinye izivimbelo. Ngemva lo msebenzi zokulawula ubelokhu wafunda.

Indawo vasomotor isikhungo

Kukholakala ukuthi isikhungo vasomotor Itholakala oblongata medulla. Kodwa uma senza ikhumbule zonke izakhiwo ezithinta umsebenzi zokulawula kokuphakelwa kwegazi, lesi sahlulelo akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Njengoba vasomotor yezinzwa zivela e-maphakathi umgogodla, isici yayo lokugcina cortex. Eyokuqala kukhona axons - izinqubo amaseli. Sami izinzwa zitholakala phezulu ezintathu lumbar nazo zonke thoracic umgogodla intambo izingxenye. I ngqo kwasendaweni zabo - uphondo lateral. Ngenxa izindawo zabo zibizwa ngokuthi umgogodla vasoconstrictor izikhungo. Nokho, leli gama ayilungile, ngoba le micu abakwazi ukuthonya ngaphandle kwezinye amayunithi. medulla vasomotor isikhungo Itholakala 4 ventricle. Kuyinto yinhlanganisela ezinzwa. A kwasendaweni ngokunembe kakhudlwana isikhungo vasomotor - kungcono ingxenye engezansi futhi phakathi fossa rhomboid. Ingxenye sezinzwa elise kumiswa reticular.

Ukulandela neminyango eziphathelene izixhumanisi zokulawula maphakathi kukhona le ngxenye futhi maphakathi no-ubuchopho. Kukhona etholakala yezinzwa ukuthi banesibopho izinguquko umsebenzi semithambo. Isixhumanisi yokugcina ubhekwa cortex cerebral. I abandakanyeke kakhudlwana kulokhu ngaphambi futhi esemkhathini injini neminyango.

Vasomotor isikhungo: physiology umzimba

Uma sicabange zonke izingxenye uhlelo vasomotor kusuka phansi, naphezulu, kufanele uqale nge izinzwa elise emgogodleni. Zisuke nonozwela axons preganglionic (Imicu yotshani). Lezi amayunithi abakwazi ukulawula ithoni yabo, kodwa adlulisa amaza kwamanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa ezitsheni. Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-nokubaluleka kwazo usosayensi neyaziwayo Ovsyannikov, ngaleyo ndlela yenza ukutholakala enkulu e izitho zomzimba. Wathola ukuthi ukuhlukana kwazo asebuchosheni nomgogodla kwenzeka iconsi wegazi. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile futhi ke kwandisa umfutho wegazi (ngezansi kwegciwane) futhi isekelwa Imicu yotshani preganglionic ngokuzimela ngenxa. I oblongata medulla liyisikhungo emsipheni - vasomotor. Kuyinto unesibopho ukulawulwa umnyango umgogodla. zomzimba lakhe: izinzwa Itholakala enkabeni, ihlukaniswe 2 izinhlobo. Eyokuqala unesibopho umsebenzi pressor (vasoconstriction). Iqembu lesibili kubangela ukuphumula endothelium. Kukholakala ukuthi izinzwa obhekene vasoconstriction, lanqoba inombolo. Amaseli ekhona ubuchopho obuphakathi, kungabangela okhushuliwe blood pressure. I izinzwa yesifunda hypothalamic, kunalokho, isenzo njengoba depressants, okungukuthi, kuholele ukuphumula imithambo yegazi. Iningi izinzwa idlule isikhungo, ise oblongata medulla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye axons umgogodla xhuma ahlukaniswe ngqo futhi ngxenye. cortex Front kuthinta kokubili inzuzo kanye okusithiyayo yomsebenzi sezinzwa elise izixhumanisi aphansi.

Ukuhlukaniswa isikhungo vasomotor eminyangweni

Njengoba sazi ukuthi isiqondiso eyenziwa amayunithi eziningana isimiso sezinzwa, kungenzeka ukwaba okulandelayo neminyango vasomotor isikhungo:

1. emgogodleni. Izimpondo lateral we thoracic kanye lumbar izingxenye kukhona nucleus preganglionic. Bona asuke axons - zesivikelo sesifuba.
2. Ngqo vasomotor isikhungo. Kule ngxenye zitholakala le izinzwa obangela ukuphumula endothelium futhi vasoconstriction.
3. Ubuchopho obuphakathi. Amaseli ayatholakala kule ngxenye, kungabangela ukuvaleka odongeni isitsha.
4. endaweni Hypothalamic. Izinzwa banesibopho ukuphumula kwezicubu semithambo, ehambisana kokubili maphakathi uqobo, futhi eceleni umgogodla intambo amaseli.
5. INSIMU cortex. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi izinzwa ise phambi endaweni, kungenzeka ithonya nezinye izindawo zobuchopho.

Nakuba kunezinkolo 5 neminyango, odokotela bengqondo ihlukaniswe vasomotor isiqondiso abaphathi 2 kuphela. Lezi zihlanganisa esifundeni umgogodla futhi bulbar we fibre. Ngo ngezithako zawo zonke ezinye amangqamuzana ezinzwa, ezithinta ithoni semithambo. Bobabili ngeengaba ezibhekwa evumelekile.

Vasomotor isikhungo: Umzimba

Njengoba yaziwa, injongo eyinhloko ukulawula ithoni vasomotor isikhungo. Ngamunye zayo wenza umsebenzi wayo. Nokho, kokucima isixhumanisi okungenani eyodwa kuholela ukuphazamiseka imithambo yegazi yomuntu wonke umzimba. Ukwaba imisebenzi elandelayo:

1. Ukuqhuba pulses (amasignali) ezigabeni cortical futhi medulla ukuba azungeze. Lokhu kubhekisela umphumela izinzwa izitsha usinika izitho. Lomsebenzi wenziwa sibonga umgogodla Imicu yotshani preganglionic.
2. Ukugcina ithoni semithambo. Ngo operation evamile, ngamunye umnyango blood pressure inakekelwa ezingeni elifanele.
3. Ukuphumula futhi vasoconstriction. Ezithinteke ngokuqondile isikhungo ise oblongata medulla.
4. Ukuqinisekisa ezanele ukugeleza kwegazi nokusakazwa kwayo ukuze isitho ngasinye.
5. Thermoregulation. Lomsebenzi wenziwa izinguquko mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi semithambo. ukunwetshwa yabo waphawula endaweni efudumele, futhi izivimbelo kwenzeka ashisa ongaphakeme.

ngokuqondene maphakathi inhliziyo

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi isikhungo vasomotor obangela kwanda nokuncipha kuphindwe kwezicubu endothelial, futhi kuba nethonya imisipha yenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhilela lamaseli lateral okuyingxenye 4 fossa ventricle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi innervation wenhliziyo Kwenziwa sibonga le micu nozwela. On bangabantu amaza we oblongata medulla. Ngenxa ukusebenza inhliziyo. Lokhu kuboniswa tachycardia. Mandle umsebenzi inhliziyo izinzwa isikhungo vasomotor futhi iqhaza. Basuke ise medial ingxenye. Ukusuka lapho, amasignali ukuya nuclei amaphiko we emsipheni vagus. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi omunye umsebenzi imisipha yenhliziyo kuyinto automatism, ukusebenza kwawo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ukubandakanywa ubuchopho.

WokuLawula vasomotor isikhungo

Ithonya vasomotor isikhungo izinzwa ise medulla, kungase cortical isakhiwo. Phela, bayizithunywa indlela eyinhloko ukulawulwa izigaba aphansi. izinzwa Cortical kungabangela kokubili ukwehla nokwanda umsebenzi vasomotor isikhungo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isiqondiso reflex. It wenziwa kanye itheku carotid futhi lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta. Lokhu kungenxa mechanoreceptors. On the surface pulses bayavuswa eduze vagus futhi depressor imizwa vasomotor izikhungo. Ngesikhathi nokudangala umsebenzi ofanayo womnyango buyathuthuka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka imithambo yegazi uphumule futhi wegazi. vasodilation futhi kubangela ukusebenza i-nucleus ye izinzwa vagus.

vasomotor isikhungo ithoni izinguquko

Ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene zenzeka dysregulation. Ngenxa ithoni vasomotor kuyahlukahluka isikhungo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isiqondiso reflex. Lapho zokugula kungukuphula ithoni. Izibonelo izifo ezihlukahlukene semithambo, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, ukukhuluphala. Futhi, zincishiswe noma ukwanda ithoni kungase kushintshwe bedle izidakamizwa (imithi antihypertensive, vasopressors).

Umthelela amakhemikhali Umhlinzi Centre

kunomthelela oqonde ngqo izindlela njalo isimiso semithambo yegazi ungaba chemical emzimbeni. Isibonelo salokhu i-carbon dioxide okuyinto aqoqana igazi ngesikhathi ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo (apnea). Ngaphansi kwethonya yalolu ketshezi inkanuko isikhungo vasomotor. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuntuleka isikhathi eside i-oksijini kungaholela ukukhubazeka.