Innervation zenhliziyo. anatomy Clinical wenhliziyo

Innervation ezisekujuleni kwenhliziyo futhi izici zayo bokuphila - ulwazi, ngaphandle okuyinto kuyoba nzima ngokucacile samanje zonke izici umsebenzi lesi sitho ezibalulekile zomzimba womuntu. nesithakazelo ngokwanele ukuba bazi ukuthi ingqondo baxhumana maphakathi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo kanye nezimiso ezisebenza wenhliziyo nazo eziphawulekayo.

umsebenzi inhliziyo

Okubaluleke kunakho konke, umuntu angase athi ngisho, emaphakathi isitho sokuhamba kwegazi zomzimba womuntu inhliziyo. Kuyinto ozwakala, has simise oyindilinga kanye itholakala ngaphakathi komgodi esifubeni. Uma echaza umsebenzi walo, usebenzisa indlela kakhulu elula, singasho ukuthi inhliziyo usebenza like futha, ukuze, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi lemithambo emithanjeni yegazi isidingo ukuqhubeka ukusebenza ngokugcwele egazini emzimbeni.

Abathandwayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inhliziyo iyakwazi ukukhiqiza umsebenzi ayo kagesi. Kunqunywa le mfanelo, njengokhozi automaton. Lesi sici sivumela ngisho eyeseli angawodwa we imisipha yenhliziyo ukwenza inkontileka uqobo. Lokhu izinga kubalulekile operation esitebeleni of emzimbeni.

izici kwesakhiwo

Ekuqaleni, isikimu ukuba inhliziyo unake lapho le umzimba. Itholakala, njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, in the ingaphakathi esifubeni, ukuze ingxenye ezincane zayo itholakala ngakwesokudla kanye ezinkulu ngokufanele - kwesokunxele. Ngakho cabanga ukuthi yonke inhliziyo engxenyeni ngakwesokunxele esifubeni, akulungile.

Kodwa ukuze yini ukunemba kakhudlwana, indawo lapho itholakala inhliziyo - iyona mediastinum, lapho kukhona khona ababili okuthiwa phansi - aphansi kanye engenhla.

Inhliziyo Usayizi e isilinganiso alinganayo ivolumu ibhulashi ukuthi clenched. Kuwufanele wazi ukuthi inhliziyo lihlukaniswe ukwahlukanisa ekhethekile halves ezimbili - kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ngasinye salezi izingxenye has amayunithi ezifana ventricle futhi ATRIUM, phakathi okuyinto kunesikhala. It is ivaliwe valve ichopho. Isici yalesi umphini kuyinto oyiyo: ohlangothini lwakhe kwesokudla anakho amapheshana amathathu, futhi kwesokunxele - amabili.

i-ventricle yangakwesokudla

Kulokhu, it is a ingaphakathi ngaphakathi okuyinto eziningi imisipha nemigoqo. Kukhona futhi imisipha papillary. Kukithi kubo suka umsipha emucwini kuya valve okuyinto siphetha wokuvula ozobe uphakathi i-ventricle yangakwesokudla kanye ATRIUM kwesokudla.

Mayelana wathi valve, isakhiwo sawo sibandakanya amapheshana amathathu, ezakhiwe we endocardium. Uma i-ventricle yangakwesokudla kuyehla, lokhu umphini uvala mbobo amabhlogo ekupheleni ukugeleza reverse igazi. By the way, kuvela nganeno inhliziyo uya isiqu yamaphaphu, uya izitho zokuphefumula. Ngokusho ke, ezihambayo igazi emithambo yegazi.

I-ventricle engakwesobunxele

Uma uqhathanisa kuwo niye kwesokunene, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kuleli cala odongeni kakhulu mkhulu. Ebonisa ebusweni yangaphakathi udonga lwaso, umuntu angabona oluvundlile imisipha kanye nemisipha papillary. It is ukuthuthela kude nabo, umsipha imicu, okuyinto awashintsheki at emaphethelweni kwesokunxele valve atrioventricular.

I-ventricle engakwesobunxele wenhliziyo Kuphinde futhi kube endaweni eya kuyo ngobukhulu lwemithambo isiqu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-aorta. Kungenxa kuka lo valve emgqonyeni elise ukuvuleka ukuze nemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo ukuthi ukondla inhliziyo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi zonke igazi lwemithambo engena ATRIUM kwesokunxele, futhi kakade lapha iwela i-ventricle engakwesobunxele, okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla ngawo. Njengoba ubona, kuzo zonke izingxenye inhliziyo ezihambelana eduze, futhi uma kukhona ukungasebenzi in omunye wabo, sizothinta wonke umzimba.

imikhumbi

Ekhuluma izitsha lapho supply igazi enhliziyweni, kuyafaneleka ukuthi zingabantu ngaphandle yomzimba anemifantu ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona labo ukuya enhliziyweni, lezo ukuthi baphume kulo.

Kukhona futhi interventricular anemifantu longitudinal phezu underside kanye phambi ventricular ebusweni. Ubude Imisele ezimbili - emuva ngaphambili, kodwa kokubili ziqondiswe phezulu umzimba.

Ungakhohlwa mayelana sulcus coronal, esemgwaqweni okwakuphakathi kwamakamelo aphansi kanye engenhla. Ilungelo nokuvaleka kwemithambo kwesokunxele yenhliziyo kwenhliziyo, kunalokho, namagatsha awo kuto ncamashi kuwo. Umkhankaso wabo ukuze uthuthukise igazi umzimba. Yingakho, uma isithombe-plaque noma ihlule legazi uthola khona, ukuphila komuntu kusongelwa kule ndawo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona nezinye imithambo enkulu inhliziyo, kanye iziqu emithambo yegazi abaphuma walo mzimba.

valve

Lezi zici ogibele lwamathambo lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi inhliziyo, esakhiwa amasongo amabili fibrous. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, zitholakala okwakuphakathi kwamakamelo yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi.

Enhliziyweni yomuntu zikhona 4 valve kuphela.

Umsuka (evamile) ubizwa ngokuthi atrioventricular kwesokudla noma tricuspid. umsebenzi Its main - ukuvimba kungenzeka of the ukubuya ukugeleza kwegazi kusukela i-ventricle yangakwesokudla.

Ngokulandelayo, valve kwesokunxele has enezinto ezimbili kuphela, kungani, futhi ithole igama elifanelekayo - butterfly. Sisekhona ngokuthi valve mitral. Kuyadingeka ukuba akha ichopho evimbela ukugeleza kwegazi kusukela ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele ku-ventricle engakwesobunxele senhliziyo.

valve Okwesithathu - ngaphandle kokuvula insika yamaphaphu uzogcinwa evulekile. Lokhu kuyoholela ageleze wegazi emuva ku-i-ventricle.

Inhliziyo isifunda sihlanganisa iSifundazwe valve wesine esemgwaqweni endaweni lapho okukhiphayo le-aorta. Akenzi ukuba ukugeleza kwegazi libuyiselwa enhliziyweni.

Izinto ukwazi uhlelo conduction

Kwegazi inhliziyo - lokhu akuwona umsebenzi kuphela okuyinto kuncike umsebenzi ozinzile walo mzimba. Kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukwakheka ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Kuyinto ngenxa ohlelweni conduction kudala ukusikwa ungqimba kwemisipha, esebenza njengesikhali isiqalo isitho eyinhloko isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi.

Kubalulekile wazi yokuthi engeyokuqala sinoatrial iyindawo lapho ishayela ekhiqizwa, okunikeza umyalo ukunciphisa imisipha yenhliziyo. Njengoba for indawo yayo, khona-ke nguye, lapho ATRIUM kwesokudla ingena Vienna eziyize.

Izinhlaka ezichazwe ngenhla abe nethonya elingaka inhliziyo elenziwe Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba izinqubo ezilandelayo:

- kusebentisana atrial futhi ventricular Kufinyeta;

- odala amaza rhythmical;

- ukuzibandakanya zokuvumelanisa ze-ventricular imisipha iseli ungqimba enqubeni contractile (ngaphandle kwalesi silinganiso nekusebenta kwakuyoba nzima kakhulu).

innervation inhliziyo

Ekuqaleni, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi lo amagama kusho. Ngakho innervation - akulutho efana saturation ingxenye ethile ka-izinzwa omzimba ukuxhumana esitebeleni ugcwele isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kwenethiwekhi, lapho ubuchopho elawula imisipha eziyishumi nemitshingo. isici i umzimba okunjalo akunakugwenywa ngokutadisha ngesihloko ezifana isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi inhliziyo.

Ucwaningo okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, ungaqala lapha nge qiniso: inqubo ukusikwa imisipha yenhliziyo ilawulwa kokubili endocrine kanye izinhlelo sezinzwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eshintsha isigqi ukusikeka kakhulu ezithinteke ngokuqondile innervation autonomic zenhliziyo. Sikhuluma ezishukumisayo nozwela futhi parasympathetic. Okokuqala kwandisa ukuvama ukusikwa, kanti owesibili, ngokulandelana, ke incipha.

umsebenzi Jikelele umzimba ilawulwa izikhungo inhliziyo we Pons kanye oblongata medulla. Kulezi izikhungo ngosizo nozwela futhi parasympathetic yezinzwa adlulisa amaza enomthelela amandla Kufinyeta, ukuvama kwazo nesivinini trioventrikulyarnogo. Ngokuphathelene ukudluliselwa nerve izifunda nemiphumela inhliziyo, bese lokhu indima lapha, njengoba kunoma iyiphi nezinye izitho baphathe balamuli. Uhlelo nozwela kuyinto norepinephrine, futhi acetylcholine ku parasympathetic ngokulandelana.

izici sici innervation inhliziyo

Intraorganic apharathasi sezinzwa wenhliziyo ahlelwe nzima impela. Yena imelelwa emizweni aqala kusukela thoracic plexus yomthambo i-aorta ne-kuphela bese ufaka isitho eyinhloko isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi futhi ganglia. Kugcine - lutho kodwa qoqo lamangqamuzana etholakala maphakathi apharathasi oshiwo ngenhla. Yezinzwa nazo ingxenye yalesi simiso. umsuka wayo bathatha kusukela ganglia inhliziyo. Qedela lesi sakhiwo kwenza effectors futhi receptor.

innervation wenhliziyo kusebenza khona imicu sezinzwa. Zakhiwa amayunithi umgogodla futhi emsipheni vagus. Leli qembu sihlanganisa autonomic motor zesivikelo sesifuba.

Imicu yotshani nozwela

Ngakho, uma sinake facets okunjalo isihloko, njengoba innervation nozwela kwenhliziyo, ke ekuqaleni kuwufanele ukunaka umthombo le micu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthola indlela zisondela igunya central sokuhamba kwegazi. Impendulo ulula: uphondo lateral elingenhla thoracic umgogodla intambo izingxenye.

Ingqikithi umphumela ukushukuma nozwela kuyehla kube umphumela ngamandla ventricular nokuncipha atrial, lokubonakala izithelo zalo. Empeleni, kuba nomphumela inotropic omuhle. Kodwa lokho akuyona yonke - kwenhliziyo. Kulokhu, kunengqondo ukukhuluma ngethonya chronotropic omuhle. Umthelela yokugcina innervation nozwela, okuyinto kufanele sinake - lokhu imiphumela dromotropic - okungukuthi, umthelela isikhawu phakathi atrial futhi ventricular Kufinyeta.

I parasympathetic yesimiso

Innervation wenhliziyo sihlanganisa kilelihlelo. Lolu hlobo lwe-fibre ezifanelekile inhliziyo njengengxenye emsipheni vagus, futhi nhlangothi zombili.

Uma sikhuluma le micu "kwesokudla", umsebenzi wabo iwukuba innervation, ngokulandelana, njengoba ATRIUM kwesokudla. Esifundeni engeyokuqala sinoatrial, akha plexus obukhulu. Ngokuphathelene kwesokunxele emsipheni vagus, le micu kuyoshaya e ingxenye kuye, eza node atrioventricular.

Ukukhuluma ngomphumela khiqiza innervation parasympathetic wenhliziyo, kuyafaneleka kokukhuluma nokuncipha osikweni ukusikwa atrial futhi ukwehla kwenhliziyo. Kodwa atrioventricular ukubambezeleka iyakhula. Akunzima ukuphetha ngokuthi umsebenzi yezinzwa badlala indima ebalulekile ezingaphezu kuka e isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi.

zokuvimbela

Against ngemuva kolwazi mhlawumbe eziyinkimbinkimbi ngalokho inhliziyo, kunengqondo ukukhokha ukunaka ezenzweni esilula eyokusiza ukuba uyigcine ukuze beneminyaka eminingi.

Ngakho, miphi izici enza isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi inhliziyo, kungashiwo baphetha ngokuthi impilo yomzimba incike izakhi emithathu elandelayo: kwemisipha izicubu, kwakheka imithambo yegazi nokugeleza kwegazi.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke kahle imisipha yenhliziyo, udinga uyinike umthwalo ezinengqondo. Lolu hambo uyazigcwalisa kahle ukugijima (ngaphandle ngokweqile) noma ukuhamba. umzimba okunjalo lukhuni isitho eyinhloko isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi.

Manje okuncane mayelana izitsha. Ngakho ukuthi babesebunzimeni ifomu ukuthi udinga ukudla ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele ngithi goodbye kuya izingxenye ezinkulu oqine okunamafutha ukudla futhi ngendlela efanele ukwakha ekudleni kwakho. Umzimba Kumele uthole wonke umsoco ezidingekayo kanye amavithamini, bese zonke kuyoba kahle.

Futhi isibambiso lokugcina umsebenzi omude inhliziyo, futhi wonke umzimba - kuba ukugeleza kwegazi ezinhle. Lapha basisize iyimfihlo elula: bonke abantu kusihlwa igazi sikhula. Futhi uma sikhuluma ngabameli phakathi abangontanga, ezifana ukungaguquguquki yayo, kwezinye izimo, kuba yingozi, nge ingozi isifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi. Siza ukulungisa kusihlwa isimo ohamba nemvelo. Lapho kukhona khona izihlahla, amachibi, ulwandle, ezintabeni noma nezimpophoma - lokuhlushwa eliphezulu emoyeni ionized, okuyinto kakhulu ngcono fluidity kwegazi.

isiphetho

Kususelwa lonke ulwazi ngenhla, ungakwazi ukuza Imininingwane esobala: innervation kwenhliziyo, i-physiology umzimba kanye nomsebenzi wakhe wonkana uyohlale izihloko ezibalulekile, akaphelelwa ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Ngempela, ngaphandle lolu lwazi, lizinga okuyinto njalo luyajula, kunzima uphethwe ngempumelelo kanye nokwelashwa afanele inhliziyo.