Liaodong Peninsula e China: incazelo, umlando kanye namasiko. Insimu Peninsula Liaodong

Peninsula Liaodong kungokwalabo China, itholakala kwi emazweni asenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe isimo. On endaweni yayo itholakala isifundazwe Liaoning. Enhlonhlweni bekulokhu ndaba ebalulekile phakathi empini phakathi China ne Japan. Izakhamuzi Liaodong ngokwesiko wahlanganyela zokukhiqiza kwezolimo, izindawo zokudoba, sericulture, ukulima, ezohwebo kanye usawoti.

isikhundla ezindawo

yemida yabo Liaodong inhlonhlo ubhoboza amanzi oLwandle eliphuzi. It egeza emanzini amatheku ezimbili - eNtshonalanga-Korean futhi Liaodong. Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga endaweni yawo adjoins Guangdong Peninsula, ingxenye kubhekwe ngakho.

incazelo

Insimu Peninsula Liaodong kumba eqolo. I elula elide kakhulu komhlaba enyakatho-mpumalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ubude bayo 225 amakhilomitha. Ububanzi endaweni ezizindeni ezihlukene ungaphakathi uhla 80-130 amakhilomitha.

ENingizimu-west coast kusukela Guangdong wumumo riasovy. inhlonhlo landscape kuyinto emathafeni inamagquma nezintaba ongaphakeme. On endaweni yayo kuyinto Buyunshan entabeni ezimatasa. Nenhlabathi kuthiwa some amahlathi nezihlahla.

Ingxenye izwe elalihlala eningizimu dolobha elikhulu Dalian. Lo muzi has ezintathu zasolwandle nezimbobo: ePort Arthur, Dairen futhi Dalian-van. Konke edolobheni, yathathwa Peninsula Liaodong, baye lakhula ngokushesha njengoba ekupheleni XX ekuqaleni ngekhulu xxi.

Umsuka kwegama

AmaShayina ukubiza leli gama endaweni Lyaodunbandao. Ingxenye yokuqala igama - "Liaodong" ethathwa Liaohe umfula lapho. Phakathi igama wabeka inkulumo ethi "tung", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "East". Ngenxa yalokho, igama igama lendawo sitolikwa ngokuthi "empumalanga ezweni Liao."

impumuzo

Indawo ingxenye enkulu ibhande entabeni. It sakhiwa ikakhulu limestone, oluthambile futhi asebenza ngebhethri sandstones. Kunezindawo eyayihambisana gneiss futhi basalt izembozo. On kakhulu sezwe ephansi amanga. amagquma okuphansi futhi Amathafa matasa inhlonhlo ningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe.

Kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga-mpumalanga izintaba yokwelula yokhalo Qianshan, batheleka Plateau Changbai, kusale e Manchuria, emngceleni North-Korean. Intaba ububanzi ugema ukugijima parallel akhiwa schists lasendulo futhi granites.

imihlola Atmosphere baphendula izintaba e iziqongo ezicijile emikhulu yinqaba. Intaba iphakama ngokuvamile fly kuze kube amamitha 1000 noma ngaphezulu. Isiqongo eliphakeme eNtabeni Buyun, ukuphakama kwayo - 1130 amamitha.

Ukuphela eningizimu uyisicaba. Ukuphakama emaceleni ale ntaba kungukuthi yagingqika ngoba uphawu amamitha 500. Ingxenye esemqoka ebusweni embozwe amagquma, lafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-300. Namadwala baceba nsimbi, igolide, ithusi Magnesite. Kule ndawo kukhona izimayini kanye boron nosawoti.

Izintaba Liaodong Peninsula e China ihlanganisa uhlelo esikhulu emfuleni. River, ezimangelengele yayo, uthuthukise Yalu, tape okuyinto meanders kanye amazwe empumalanga, Liaohe, ezindaweni entshonalanga samanje, futhi Sea Yellow.

River ezigodini nasezintabeni emathafeni anesihlabathi kuyinto ngempela emincane. Area yemida ephansi elele (ngaphandle emkhawulweni ningizimu-ntshonalanga) ziyashintsha bedle namagagasi. Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga futhi enyakatho-west coast ongaphakeme futhi iqonde, omisiwe at tide ongaphakeme. Isthmus of Jinzhou uthathe amatheku ezimbili. Siyabonga kubo, emkhawulweni eningizimu-ntshonalanga bathinteka. Le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi abantu ePort Arthur nhlonhlo.

I zezilwane nezimila

Plains owawudliwe yokulima. Bahlakulela ummbila, amabele, ukolweni, ummbila, irayisi namabele. Abantu bakhona wahlanganyela ukutshala ugwayi, kamalibhele, ukotini kanye nemifino. Lush izithelo emasimini ohlezi Peninsula Liaodong. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze izithelo kulinywe lapha ewubheka njengongcwele. Iningi insimu yalo lihlukaniswe apula izihlahla. On amazwe yokutshala amagilebhisi, amapentshisi, amabhilikosi kanye amagonandoda.

Emaceleni ale ntaba embozwe amahlozi-oki, * hazel. Intaba Oaks, podernuvshie emithambekeni alpine babé abode amacimbi zasendle. Abantu bendawo ukuqoqa imifece yabo futhi ithola kasilika yemvelo. Deltas some imihlanga ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo nophethiloli.

Fauna Liaodong mpilo ngenxa ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi kanye inani eliphezulu ezweni kutshalwa. Liaotung Peninsula onogwaja populated, izingwejeje, woodchuck chipmunks, ferrets nezinye izilwane laskami isici kulezi zindawo. Enyakatho, kukhona izinyamazane, nokuthutha kusuka eMpumalanga Manchurian amahlathi.

izimo zezulu

Winter enhlonhlweni ethambile, ngokungafani elakhelene izifunda esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga ye-China. Njalo ngonyaka uwela 500-700 mm imvula. Lokhu kungaphezu e Liaohe Valley. Ababili kokuthathu kubo e izimvula ngoJulayi-September. Isikhathi izimila kule ndawo lilinganiselwa izinsuku ezingu-200. Nokho, endaweni eseningizimu kakhulu ke ihlala kufika izinsuku 220.

indaba

Le ndawo itholakala yoMfula Liaohe, eyaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Uma it fanele kuze Yingzhou - omunye ezifundeni nambili ukuthi ngokwesiko Insimu yase-China. Le ndawo ngesikhathi kubusa Qin kanye Han Prefecture wabizwa ngokuthi Liaodong. Nakuba yonke le nhlonhlo kwakungekaNkulunkulu imingcele enyakatho ntshonalanga ukuze Prefecture Lyaosi.

wadla

Impi Sino-Japanese ka 1894-1895. Yaphela hhayi esivuna China. amasosha Japanese wanqoba ibutho Chinese lasolwandle. Lapho ungena ngemvume ukuthula Shimonoseki ngo-Ephreli 17, 1995 Qing BakwaHan yanika yonke iNhlonhlo Liaodong namanye izindawo Japanese.

Nokho, lokhu kushintsha kwezinto akazange ivumelane Russia, Germany neFrance. Russian Empire ibhekwa izenzo Japanese njengoba usongo Far Eastern zabo ezibonakalayo. Nge ukusekela oMfelandawonye, it is ifaka ingcindezi Japan, wenza ukubuya zakhe aye eChina babamba ezweni ngenxa ye ukuxolelana.

I wadla ophoqelelwe yeNhlonhlo Liaodong senzeka ngoNovemba 1895. Ukuze kubuye izwe Celestial Japan ikhokhwe eziyizigidi ezingu-30 taels. Ngenxa yalokho we nokudliwa amaJapane uhlulekile ukulawula abantu ePort Arthur ukuthi nje akazange ivumelane nabo.

Dlulisa Liaodong ukuqasha USSR

Mashi 27, 1898 sivumelwano Sino-Russian phezu ukuqasha yeNhlonhlo Liaodong sasayinwa. Ngo-oda of the Empire, Russian babesuke nezimbobo ice-amanzi: ePort Arthur kanye Dalian. Kanye nezimbobo idluliselwe ezweni futhi eduze yolwandle oluzungeze. EPort Arthur wamqinisa turning kube khona isikaniso samabutho asolwandle.

Kusukela Harbin engxenyeni eseningizimu yale nhlonhlo, futhi lapho yaziwa ngokuthi endaweni Kwantung, wakha i-South Manchurian sesitimela. Sesitimela umugqa welulela yonkana Manchuria, uvunyelwe eRussia ukuthonya North China, ngaphandle kokunikeza Japanese ithuba bona uthembeke expansionist izinhloso maqondana China. EChina naseRussia bavumile ezonikeza mutual ukwesekwa wezempi, uma kuhlasela Japanese kubo noma Korea.

I-Japanese Ushiye awuhlele kwenza lutho ukuthi zilawule ndawo. Eqaphela ukuthi uMbuso Russian empeleni aphucwe kubo, lanqoba izwe, uhulumeni Japanese ingivusele igagasi elisha militarization kuleli zwe. Iqembu elibusayo is ngokwesiko waqhuba inqubomgomo angaphandle nolaka, ilokho icele njalo isizwe ukuze usinde izintela tenaciously kakhulu anda.

Wathembisa ukuthumela zonke izindlela ngoba revenge entsha yezempi, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho uhlose ukuthola izindawo elahlekile. Ngo-May 1904 kwaba khona ukufika amabutho Japanese eNhlonhlweni Liaodong. Bona lunqume esuka ezwekazini, bazinza Dalian port. amabutho Russian kwadingeka ashona. Amasosha ancipha, kwakucatshangwa, e isikaniso ezingafinyeleleki ePort Arthur. I-Japanese lahlasela futhi ngek inqaba enamandla.

Portsmouth Ukuthula Treaty waphetha ngo-1905. Ngokwe isivumelwano sokuthula, uMbuso Russian wanika Liaodong Japan. Ngaphansi kokulawula Manchuria amaJapane wahlala iminyaka engu-40. Kuphela ngo-1945, amabutho Russian futhi Chinese owaketulwa imizamo ngokubambisana ezweni Japanese okuqondene China.

The Army Soviet ushiye Manchuria ngo-1946, ushiya amanye amasosha eNhlonhlweni Liaodong. I Union neChina liyothatha isinqumo phezu ukusetshenziswa ahlangene abantu ePort Arthur. Isivumelwano izohlala isebenza kuze kube ukudluliselwa kobunikazi, inhlonhlo ye-e-China, eyaqhutshwa ngo-May 1955.