Lebanon: inkolo nezombusazwe - uhlelo confessional

Inkolo iye yaba njalo, wadlala indima ebalulekile kuleli polity kwemibuso yomhlaba. Kodwa uma West amashumi eminyaka inkolo ngokushesha ukulahlekelwa umthelela wabo zonke izinqubo ezenzeka isakhiwo somphakathi, eMpumalanga akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngokwahlukana ezinjalo isimo ezinkolelweni zenkolo. Ikakhulukazi ehlukile kulokhu, Lebanon. Inkolo kulelizwe ehambisana zonke izinqubo zezepolitiki, futhi sithinta ngqo egatsheni zomthetho. Ososayensi abaningi ngokuthi Libya "a zezindwangu", okuyinto Welukwa izinkolo ezahlukene namahlelo.

Iyiphi inkolo e Lebanon?

Uma ungenalo lokumba imininingwane sicabangele lo mbuzo zenkolo ngokuya amaqiniso ezomile, ngokuvumelana idatha yakamuva, labantu ku Lebanon, mayelana ayisithupha amaphesenti amaSulumane, amaphesenti amathathu nethoba bamaKristu, futhi kancane kuphela ezingaphezu kweyodwa wamaphesenti abantu Lebanese ngayinye abathi ezinye izinkolo.

Kubonakala sengathi lesi sithombe akahlukile ibhalansi evamile yamandla e Middle East. Kodwa inkolo Lebanon empeleni isakhiwo ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhudlwana futhi multi-egqinsiwe, okuyinto ukukhuluma kabanzi.

Lebanon, inkolo: isizinda esingokomlando kwetinhlavu isimo multi-confessional

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlangano zomzabalazo zenkolo ezweni, isikhathi esiningi ngokumangalisayo, ayisishiyagalolunye angu sabantu siqukethe Arabhu. Labo abasele abanga-amaphesenti ayishumi - ukhaphethi egqamile amaGreki, abasePheresiya, Armenia futhi bezinye izizwe. Lezi umehluko neze kuvimbe labantu Lebanese ngokuthula ephila, ikakhulukazi njengoba zonke zibe ngolimi olufanayo. Lebanese Abaningi bakhuluma isi-French kahle kakhulu futhi kahle abafundile. Konke lokhu kungenzeka ukudala isimo ekhethekile ihlonipha amalungelo bazo zonke izinkolo zenkolo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubekezelelana bezinye izinkolo abelokhu ekhona egazini Lebanese njalo. Ekuqaleni, izakhamuzi eziningi azibonakalisa kwabezizwe. Kuyo Lebanon nezazi-mlando ezingenamandla amathempelana eziningi izakhiwo ezingcwele namathempeli ayenikezelwe namahlelo ahlukahlukene. Okuvame kakhulu iyona unkulunkulu ababevela Greece. Ziningi amaSulumane enqobe Libya futhi European amaKristu asikwazanga ukushintsha amasiko wezwe kwamasiko. Njalo ngenkolo entsha esikhulu izinkolelo esidlule futhi ngempumelelo ingxenye isiko uhlaka ngemithi yaseLebanoni. Ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu kuleli zwe banamathele ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi inkolo, okuyinto okungaguquguquki ne izintandokazi eyodwa noma elinye emphakathini.

Maphakathi nawo-lamashumi amabili inkolo ekhulwini e Lebanon lwangena yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi futhi, omunye angase athi, zaba isimiso sezombangazwe zedivayisi, esingeyena analogue kuphi emhlabeni. osopolitiki eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi ukuqina yabo kanye ukukhiqiza imodeli zezombusazwe yezwe ukweleta ubuhlobo obuseduze nobani, okungase umelwe Symbiosis of "Lebanese isiko -. inkolo Lebanon" Linikeza ukusebenziseka phakathi zonke izinkolo kanye ukwamukelwa of izenzo zomthetho, kucatshangelwa izithakazelo yonke imiphakathi engokwenkolo.

izinkolo e Lebanon

AmaSulumane namaKristu azisona isakhiwo esisodwa ezweni. Njalo inkolo sehlukaniswe ukuthambekela eziningi, emelelwa abaholi babo benkolo, eqondisa imiphakathi.

Ngokwesibonelo, amaSulumane ivezwa ikakhulu Sunnis kanye Shia. Bakha amaSulumane enethonya kunazo, futhi phakathi bungabonakala Alawite futhi Druze. AmaKristu Lebanese abathi ohlangothini oluthile, bona ngokwabo shayela Maronites. Lokhu inhlangano yenkolo sekukhona ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nanhlanu, nabalandeli bakhe ababehlala esifundeni sezintaba, futhi ngokucophelela kuqashelwe ubunikazi bayo kuze kuphele amakhulu eminyaka. Ngisho ithonya Vatican wahluleka ukuphula Maronites, ziye zazigcina amasiko abo namasiko. Ngaphezu Maronites abahlala kuleli lizwe-Orthodox, amaKatolika, amaProthestani kanye Jacobites. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu amaKristu ambalwa phakathi abamele eSontweni Lase-Armenia.

uhlelo confessional kahulumeni

Njengoba sesibonile, akakho omunye ezweni elifana ahlukahlukene efana Lebanon. Inkolo, ngokunembile, ukwehlukana kwayo, utshelwa imiphakathi eminingi ukuba ufune izindlela zokuziphindiselela ukuxhumana futhi ngithandaze esikoleni. Ngo kuka-1943 umholi benkolo Lebanon asayina "National Pact atheleka", okuyinto ichaza uhlelo lwesakhiwo zezombusazwe yezwe njengoba confessionalism. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, ukuvuma ngamunye kufanele inethonya ukwamukelwa kwemithetho, ngakho inani lezihlalo ePhalamende esokuba ngokomthetho nokuhamba ngamunye zenkolo.

abahlaziyi abaningi zezombusazwe bakholelwa ukuthi le ndlela ngokushesha noma kamuva ukubhubhisa Lebanon. Inkolo, ngokusho kongoti, awukwazi kakhulu ezithinta inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo isimo. Kodwa ngenkathi yokwesaba nezombusazwe abahlaziyi izibikezelo kungafaneleki, confessionalism lizimelele ezimpilweni Lebanese abavamile.

Kanjani inkolo inomthelela ukusatshalaliswa lezihlalo ephalamende Lebanese?

Ngu ngesinqumo abaholi nemiphakathi yenkolo, iposi sabantu induna isimo kufanele ngithathe amalungu amahlelo eminingi kakhulu (ngokuvumelana kwabantu okugcinile). Ngakho manje Lebanon, umengameli Maronite, njengoba undunankulu ephalamende isikhulumi inikezwe Sunnis kanye Shiites. EPhalamende, kwamaKristu namaSulumane kufanele ube nezindawo ayisithupha nane. Luyakukhahlela kahle ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kwabo bonke Amathrendi, udonsa izithakazelo kungukuthi zishiywe lapho ucabangela imithetho emisha.

Lebanon: inkolo esemthethweni

Phela nizwile kungase kuphakame umbuzo mayelana inkolo esemthethweni Lebanon. Kuyini ngempela? Impendulo yalo mbuzo isici esiphawuleka kakhulu futhi akumangalisi yezwe: ekhatsi Lebanon ayinakho esemthethweni. Nakuba emthethweni ubeka ukuthi isimo ingeyona isigaba wokuziphilisa.

It kuvela ukuthi ezweni lapho izinkolo hlala ebalulekile enjalo, akekho likhombe esemthethweni.