Kuyini Melancholia? Meaning, bomcondvofana kanye nezinhlobo melancholy

Melanncholia izwi elisuka ngesiGreki (Chole - Bile, mélas - black). Melancholia kuyinto ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nemvelo, ephelezelwa isimo sokucindezeleka. Ngaphambili they balula ukucindezeleka.

Umlando omncane

Lapho igama elithi "melancholy" wabonakala kuqala? Okusho, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, it is kunqunywa izimpande ngesiGreki. Incazelo yokuqala isimo itholakala Homer ku "Iliad", othi Ukuzula ka Bellerophon Aleisk ensimini. Pifagor Samossky wanikeza izincomo phezu okuvela zokucindezeleka. Ikakhulukazi, emibhalweni yakhe, yathi phakathi uthukuthele noma ukudabuka kumele uthole kude abantu, wasala yedwa, "isisu" umuzwa, weza ukukudambisa. Pythagoras waba ngowokuqala umculo therapy ebekiwe. Esigayegayeni, watusa amahora ukulalela umculo - amaculo Hesiod. Democritus belulekwa ukuba sihlaziye ezimpilweni zabo futhi sicabange emhlabeni, lapho indoda kwafika melancholy (omqondofana - ukucindezeleka, ukudangala, ukucindezeleka). Phakathi enkathini eyisikhathi ecacile isimo ukuzimisela wayengekho.

Ubani ngqá yanikeza incazelo?

Okokuqala Ngazama ukuchaza ukuthi melancholy, uHippocrates. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, kukhona imiqondo emibili ngawo wazama ukuchaza kule wombuso. Okokuqala, uHippocrates ngokuthi Ubumnene melancholic ingenye abantu emzimbeni okuyinto iye efunde eziningi Bile.

Ngokusho kwakhe, abantu bathambekele simo emphakathini futhi ugweme ukukhanya, ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubona caricatures ingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba bantu njalo okhalazayo mayelana ubuhlungu esiswini, "njengokungathi ababeboshelwe eziningi izinaliti." Nayo mayelana nalokho melancholy, uHippocrates exhumene kulesi simo nge kokugula isikhathi eside. Wabuye wachaza ezinye izimpawu: ukuqwasha, ukuya ukudla, ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka. Kufanele wathi: ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi izici ayeke ukunisa okutholakala ubuchopho, ababengaphambi okuthuthukile sikaHippocrates. Kodwa nguye wabhala ukuthi zonke izikhalazo kanye nezikhalo uhleli ikhanda. Kuyinto kulo muntu ehanjelwa, basibekele zokwesaba noma zokukhathazeka.

Njengoba omunye okukhulunywa umqondo usebenza melanncholia?

Iqiniso lokuthi melancholy, ezifana wagomela yizazi zefilosofi eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, emibhalweni yakhe, u-Aristotle kwabuzwa lo mbuzo: "Kungani ubuntu kukhanye ekuphathweni komphakathi noma imisebenzi, kwathiwa libhekene ukuhlala njalo bacindezelekile?" Ezinye wahlushwa jaundice (Hercules isibonelo). Yena Kukholakala besikhathi, wayengumuntu melancholic, futhi egameni basendulo ngokuthi isifo Herculean. Emibhalweni kaPlato kukhona izincazelo eziningana zokucindezeleka. Nayo ukuthi isazi sefilosofi melancholy ezinjalo, wakhuluma isimo esithile mania. Kungathatha ifomu madness, ukufutheka noma ugqozi futhi injabulo. Kulo mBhalo, uPlato wakhuluma "efanele" ukufutheka lovela Muses. Ngamanye amazwi, ukucindezeleka, ngokusho kwakhe, wanikeza ugqozi asankondlo bakhomba izinzuzo indoda enekhono ukuhlala esesimweni esinjalo phezu kweminye, abantu abavamile, okuyinto sici rationality kwansuku zonke. Avicenna futhi wanikeza incazelo yakhe kuyini melancholy. Emibhalweni yakhe, wabiza isimo nokugwema ubheke le nkinga, umonakalo, ukwesaba. Nquma isimo kungaba ku kukhathazeka njalo, phezu-ukucabanga, buka, ngifuna ukuba phansi, noma into eyodwa nje. Ngenxa uphawu Avicenna futhi obiza ubuso yokudabuka nokuqwasha.

Ukwahlukaniswa yesimanje ye pathologies engqondo

Lesi sifo kungavuka emazingeni ahlukene. Nokho, singangena kakhulu yezifo zengqondo amadala abantu kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Kulesi zokugula zingabangela ukuqala noma cha kuvuse komqondo. Kwezokwelapha ukuhlukanisa senile futhi kwengqondo involutional. Esimweni sokuqala, lesi sifo eba ngesisekelo a nqubo ebhubhisayo ebuchosheni. It kuhambisana ephule intelligence.

isifo involutional

Lezi pathologies zihlanganisa iziyaluyalu ukuthi akuvezi komqondo. Isiza ukuthuthukiswa ishede umuntu ekhethekile - nge izimpawu rigidity, suspiciousness, ukukhathazeka. Njengoba ayeke ukunisa izici ezingase isinyathelo ngaphambi izifo ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo, izimo ezibangela ukucindezeleka. melancholia Involutional libhekene abesifazane ngemva kokuma ukuya esikhathini (ukushintsha kwama-hormone emzimbeni). ukukhathazeka engapheli eyayiqhutshwa nokucindezeleka kokudumazeka noma izinkathazo kwenzeka ngokuvamile abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-50-65.

ukwelashwa

ERoma lasendulo, ezelaphayo lalinabashumayeli nomkhuba wokuchitha igazi. Nokho, uma impilo lesiguli ngenxa yobuthakathaka le nqubo yase contraindicated ke iqondiswa emetics. Isiguli libuye Kunconywa bezihlikihla umzimba wonke, laxatives. odokotela asendulo nawo azama ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa isiguli ugqozi ukahle kakhulu. Eyodwa yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu babe nezingxoxo melancholy ngezihloko ukuthi abanesifiso kuye ngaphambili. Patricia futhi luqhutshwa okungenani ngempumelelo indlela yokusiza abantu bahlukane nazo sifo - ukuzijabulisa nge ukungalali ngokwanele.

izindlela Terapevicheskie esetshenziswa kusukela XVIII kuya kweleshumi XX

EJalimane, melancholy aphathwe ngendlela engajwayelekile. Sibekezele iboshelwe isondo ligijima, zikwenze uzitshele ukuthi ibutho centrifugal Uyoqeda "umthwalo pood off emahlombe", "umthwalo umthofu zomzimba." Kufanele, Nokho, kuthiwe ngaphambi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili ngayo abagulayo, uthola kuya psychiatrists, ungami ku mkhosi. Ngesikhathi ukuqeda kugula ngokwengqondo kungabalwa kukhona sasivumela izindlela ngesihluku: intuba circuit, kushaywa, indlala. Lokhu kwelashwa, ngokukhethekile, wathola noGeorge Third. Lapho le nkosi yawela uxokozele izincomo the best odokotela European lapho sekubekwe phansi kabuhlungu. Lapho ahlupheka ngokuhlasela melancholy, wesithathu Georg wafa.

Mayelana ngamakota amathathu eyodwa kwezintathu yekhulu leminyaka imithi isetshenziswa hydrotherapy. Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, kwemizwelo yokunciphisa ohlehlela isicelo ukucwiliswa okungazelelwe ngamanzi abandayo kuze izimpawu zokuqala a ukufuthelana nesineke. Ubude kokuhlala isiguli ezimweni ezinjena zazilingana isikhathi ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba Ukufundwa hhayi ngokushesha kakhulu ukugcwaliseka kwehubo Miserere. Futhi usebenzise enye indlela ethandwayo ngaleso sikhathi: isiguli lulele okugeza ziboshelwa, wawathela ekhanda lakhe, anamanci mahlanu amabhakede amanzi abandayo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX eRussia ekwelapheni isicelo esetshenziswa of iminyundu kuya ingquza, bezihlikihla emetic ikhanda iwayini tartar. Tinkondlo zokugeza afudumele ebusika, futhi ehlobo - cool. Ngaphambi isicelo ukuthandwa jikelele antidepressant ngasebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ethandwa kakhulu babe opium futhi opiates. Le mithi asetshenziswa kuze sixties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

izindlela zesimanje ukwelashwa

Ngokuvamile, anti-depressants elibekelwe ukunqanda noma ukuqeda isimo ukucindezeleka. Abakwazi ukubhalisa lihambisana ngemithamo ongaphakeme izidakamizwa neuroleptic (zindlela, isibonelo, njengoba "Etaperazin" "frenolona" "Sonapaks"). Umgomo oyinhloko zokwelapha iwukuba unciphise ukucindezeleka, ukuqeda ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka, delirium. Umuthi sitjhiwo udokotela ukuba khona. Nge ukwehluleka ukwelashwa okunjalo, kwezinye izimo yokwelapha electroconvulsive kuboniswa. Ngokuvamile, isiguli ibekwa esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo.