Kuyini ebusweni Mercury? Izici mercury

Ingaphezulu Mercury, ukukhuluma kancane, ungathi inyanga. emathafeni elikhulu eziningi asemigodini kusikisela ukuthi umsebenzi Geological emhlabeni saphela izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule.

ebusweni ukuthungwa

Ingaphezulu Mercury (isithombe sikhombisa kamuva esihlokweni), wathwebula uphenyo "Mariner-10" futhi "Isithunywa", sasifana ngokubukeka to the Moon. Planet kakhulu oluneziqhingi asemigodini letingemasayizi lahlukene. Owesincane kusabonakala izithombe ezinemininingwane iningi "Mariner" kukalwa amamitha ambalwa ububanzi. Isikhala phakathi asemigodini ezinkulu owendlalekile futhi kuyakhanya. Kungokufanayo kwamanzi yenyanga, kodwa kuthatha isikhala okuningi. esifundeni okunjalo ezungezwe evelele kunazo zonke umthelela Mercury isakhiwo kwakhiwa ngenxa ukungqubuzana, - Plain Heat pool (Caloris Planitia). Emhlanganweni ne "Mariner-10" Wayegcwele kuphela ingxenye yako, futhi kwaba evulekile ngokuphelele "izithunywa" ngesikhathi flyby lwayo lokuqala le planethi ngoJanuwari 2008.

imigodi yezintaba-mlilo

Izinhlaka ezivamile asemigodini sendawo kule planethi. Ikakhulukazi beyomboza ka Mercury. Planet (izithombe eboniswe ngezansi) Uma unganakile libukeka inyanga, kodwa ucwaningo eduze embula umehluko ezithakazelisayo.

Gravity ku Mercury ngokuphindwe kabili kunokwanda inyanga, ngokwengxenye ngenxa kwabantu eliphezulu nucleus yayo enkulu ehlanganisa yensimbi nesibabule. A amandla amakhulu gravity ivame ukuba ugcine ndaba ukhiphe kusukela kulesi sigodi, eduze indawo umthelela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga, it is kwehla at ibanga% 65 kuphela inyanga. Lokhu kungaba esinye sezici ezaba nomthelela iplanethi asemigodini yesibili ezakhiwe umthelela impahla uyakhishwa, ngokungafani eyinhloko ezivukayo ngqo phezu ukungqubuzana netshe elisemkhathini noma inkanyezi enomsila. amandla adonsela phansi Ephakeme kusho ukuthi bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinhlaka ayisibonelo salezi asemigodini ezinkulu - iphakama emaphakathi, emithambekeni emaweni futhi base bushelelezi - ku Mercury ebonwe asemigodini ezincane (ubukhulu ubuncane-10 km) ngaphandle Moon (mayelana 19 km). osayizi amancane zalezi zakhiwo siphuze-efana ijamo elula. Mercury asemigodini zihluke Mars, nakuba la maplanethi ezimbili kukhona gravity wafana. imigodi yezintaba-mlilo Fresh wokuqala ngokuvamile lishonile kunesikhumba imfundo sokuboshwa lesibili. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa okuqukethwe eliphansi volatiles e cortex ka Mercury noma ngaphezulu sigubhu ngesivinini (kusukela ijubane i inyuka into phezu orbit welanga lapho kusondela weLanga).

Imigodi yezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu amakhilomitha 100 ububanzi kuka baqale ukuya kobujamo obusaqanda ejwayelekile lezi zokwakheka ezinkulu. Lezi zakhiwo - amachibi polycyclic - babe izilinganiso 300 noma ngaphezulu futhi umphumela ukushayisana enamandla kakhulu. eziningi Eziningi kuzo zitholakale izingxenye izithombe planethi. Image ukuthi "Isithunywa" kanye laser altimetry baye babamba iqhaza elikhulu kakhulu ukuqonda lezi zibazi asalile Ngasekuqaleni bombardment elisemkhathini ka Mercury.

Caloris Basin

Lesi sakhiwo ukushaqeka udlulisela for 1.550 km. Lapho ithola kokuqala "Mariner-10" kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lingakanani lincane kakhulu. Isikhala kwangaphakathi into yithafa bushelelezi uvikelekile eligoqiwe futhi ephukile ezinephakathi elilodwa. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke izintaba yokwelula kwaphela amakhulu amakhilomitha ubude, cishe libe no 3 km ububanzi namamitha angu-300 ukuphakama. amakhefu Over 200 engaqhathaniswa usayizi imiphetho esuka emathafeni isikhungo; abaningi babo bangabantu ayimigodi imisele elinganiselwe (grabens). Lapho grabens aphambana lamagquma, ithambekele kudlulele ngalé kwawo, okubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka yabo kamuva.

Imihlobo surface

Caloris Basin lizungezwe ezimbili izinhlobo sezwe - onqenqemeni wakhe kanye nesisombululo kwakhiwa idwala ukhiphe. I ring onqenqemeni kuyinto okungajwayelekile amabhlogo entabeni ukufinyelela 3 km kokuwa, okuyizinto kunezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni wathola nge emithambekeni kuqhathaniswa emaweni ohlangothini libheke phakathi nendawo. I ring wesibili esilinganayo ezincane kakhulu 100-150 km kusuka kuqala. Ukuze emithambekeni sangaphandle indawo ye komugqa osabalalayo emikhulu nezigodi ingxenye egcwele izigodi, ezinye zazo ugcwele amagquma eziningi kanye uhlevane ngamamitha angamakhulu amaningana. Umsuka izinhlangano ezakha indandatho ububanzi emhlabeni Caloris elisemcengezini, eziphikisa. Ezinye emathafeni the Moon kwamiswa ngokuyinhloko nokuxhumana ekushayweni nge impumuzo ebusweni ekhona, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyoba njalo nakho kuyiqiniso ngoba Mercury. Kodwa "Isithunywa" imiphumela basikisela ukuthi indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni yabo kudlalwa mlilo. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kukhona asemigodini kancane, uma kuqhathaniswa nge ukushisa pool, okubonisa ukuthi inkathi okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako we Plains, kodwa ezinye izici, ngaphezulu ngokusobala elihlobene ne-mlilo kuka kungabonakala izithombe ezithathwe "Mariner-10". Esiwujuqu ubufakazi wentaba-mlilo zazitholakala ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso "ISILAYEZI" okubonisa izintaba-mlilo, eziningi zazo zitholakala kanye emaphethelweni elingaphandle ukushisa plain.

wentaba Raditladi

Caloris ingenye lomncane emathafeni ezinkulu polycyclic, okungenani ingxenye uphenyo we Mercury. Cishe kwakheka ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi lapho owokugcina isakhiwo giant on enyangeni - iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 3.9 edlule. Image "ISILAYEZI" wembula elinye, lilincane kakhulu umthelela ndawo indandatho ebonakalayo kwangaphakathi, okungenzeka kamuva kwamiswa kakhulu okuthiwa Raditladi pool.

antipode ongaziwa

Ngakolunye uhlangothi iplanethi ncamashi 180 ° okuphambene Plain Heat ingxenye elise ongaziwa ezindaweni angahleliwe. Ososayensi bachaza le qiniso, lapho lithi mayelana kanyekanye zabo ukwakha ngokugxila of amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba kusukela izenzakalo eziye zehlela ebusweni antipodal ka Mercury. sezwe elinamagquma futhi Walidabula imigqa akayena umuntu endaweni awalethe emelela ngemapholigoni inamagquma 5-10 km ububanzi angu-1.5 km kokuwa. Oku-ekhona asemigodini yaphendulwa amagquma nokusasamba izinqubo zokuzamazama komhlaba eziletha impumuzo futhi ifomu. Nye of them were ngisho phansi, kodwa washintsha ezakheke, okubonisa ukuthi kamuva ukugcwalisa kubo.

emathafeni

Plain - surface owendlalekile noma ngobumnene inamagquma ka Mercury, Venus, uMhlaba ne-Mars, zisakazeke kulezi amaplanethi. Lokhu kusho 'ngendwangu ", okuyinto landscape athuthukile. I emathafeni ziyinkomba yokuthi inqubo nolokubhujiswa ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu bese udala isikhala isicaba.

Kunezindlela okungenani ezintathu "ukugaya", sibonga ngalo, cishe, ezingeni ebusweni Mercury.

Enye yezindlela - imfiva - kunciphisa amandla uqweqwe nekhono layo nilondoloze impumuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Phezu izigidi zeminyaka entabeni 'echibini ", phansi asemigodini ka Mercury liyaphuma futhi ebusweni angabekwa.

Eyesibili indlela uhlanganisa ezihambayo rocks ngase sezwe aphansi ngaphansi isenzo gravity. Nge idwala zanqwabelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kugcwalisa amazinga ayimigodi ephakeme ngokwandisa umthamo yayo. ngaleyo ndlela liziphathe lava notshwala kusukela amathumbu planethi.

Indlela yesithathu ukuxhumana idwala izingcezwana phezu Mercury ngenhla, eyagcina kuholela ukuqondanisa olunzima impumuzo. Isibonelo salokhu indlela kwekhabhoni rocks bangaphakela kwetinhlavu asemigodini nomlotha wentaba-mlilo.

Umsebenzi omningi wezintaba-mlilo

Ezinye ubufakazi incika umbono yethonya mlilo kwetinhlavu eziningi emathafeni ezungeze Caloris elisemcengezini, sekuvele inikwe. Okunye emathafeni ngokulinganiswa ayemncane ku-Mercury, kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ezindaweni esikhanyayo engela ongaphakeme ngesikhathi flyby wokuqala ukuthi "Isithunywa", ukubonisa izici isici kwezintaba-mlilo. Ngokwesibonelo, imigodi yezintaba-mlilo eziningi ubudala, bona bangeniswa ezigcwele phama lava kwemali, efana zokwakheka efanayo Moon ne-Mars. Nokho, emathafeni elalizobhubhisa Mercury kunzima kakhulu ukuhlola. Ngenxa yokuthi badala, kusobala ukuthi nezinye izintaba-mlilo kanye okwakheke wentaba-mlilo kungaba kuncike ukuguguleka noma phula kunjalo, okwakwenza kube nzima ukuchaza. Ukuqonda lezi emathafeni ubudala kubalulekile, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi angenele ukunyamalala iningi asemigodini nge ububanzi ayi-10-30 km, uma iqhathaniswa naso Moon.

scarp

Amafomu ebaluleke kakhulu nesimo sendawo Mercury sika, anikeza umqondo Sakhiwo sangekhatsi iplanethi amakhulu Amashalofu okubeka jagged. Ubude idwala kuhluka inqwaba yabantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane amakhilomitha, futhi ukuphakama - kusuka 100 m 3 km. Lapho uzibuka uphezulu, imiphetho zabo bavele oyindilinga noma scalloped. Kusobala ukuthi lena - umphumela ngokuhlaziya, lapho ingxenye phansi neziwumqansa ku endaweni ezungezile. Emhlabeni, izakhiwo ezifana ayokhawula e ubukhulu futhi kwenzeke endaweni kokucindezelwa wendawo ovundlile e koqweqwe. Kodwa zonke ukuhlola ebusweni Mercury imbozwe ophakeme, okusho ukuthi uqweqwe planethi esikhathini esidlule yehlile. Inombolo futhi geometry we scarps, kusobala ukuthi iplanethi kuyehla ububanzi ngo 3 km.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele ukuncipha kwaqhubeka waze esanda kutholakala emlandweni Geological besikhathi kusuka abanye scarps ayeshintshe walondoloza (futhi ngalesosizathu isihlobo ukuba abasebasha) umthelela asemigodini. Ekunqandeni yasekuqaleni ngesivinini ukujikeleza iplanethi amabutho olwandle zlib akhiqizwa zindawo bhé Mercury. Nokho, scarps Emhlabeni jikelele zisakazwe, ukuphakamisa kamuva enye incazelo ukupholisa isiphuku, mhlawumbe lihambisana ingxenye kanye eqina ngokuphelele core ezibunjiwe, kuholele kokucindezelwa core futhi umkhuhlane uqweqwe ukusonteka. Ukunciphisa usayizi Mercury ngesikhathi lwaluyophola isembatho sakhe kwakuzoholela izakhiwo longitudinal kuka kungabonwa, okubonisa ukuthi incompleteness yenqubo kokucindezelwa.

ebusweni Mercury sika: yini?

Ososayensi baye bazama ukuthola indlela yokwakheka iplanethi, ukuhlola kwelanga kubonakala ezigabeni zalo ezihlukahlukene. Omunye umehluko phakathi Mercury ne Moon, ngaphandle yokuthi bit lokuqala mnyama, wukuthi uhla kobuso ukukhanya okukhulu libe lincane. Ngokwesibonelo, ulwandle-Sputnik - isikhala bushelelezi, ibonakale emehlweni enyama njengelanga endaweni enkulu emnyama - mnyama kakhulu ukwedlula flecked ezinkangala cratered namathafa Mercury kuphela kancane mnyama. Umehluko umbala mancane evelele emhlabeni, yize izithombe "+ Messenger", zenziwe iqoqo ehlunga imibala, babethanda izindawo ezincane kakhulu ezimibalabala elihlobene ne-mlilo. Lezi zici kanye kuqhathaniswa izimpawu ebonakalayo futhi eduze spectrum infrared wokukhanya kwelanga kubonakala, basikisela ukuthi Mercury ebusweni siqukethe kunalokho abampofu ngensimbi titanium silicate amaminerali umbala mnyama uma kuqhathaniswa ne maria enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Ikakhulu, i-amatshe iplanethi kungaba okuqukethwe ongaphakeme yensimbi oxides (Feo), futhi lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni kucatshangwa ukuthi kwamiswa izimo okuningi ekunciphiseni (isb. E. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana oksijini) kunamanye amalungu eliwumhlaba.

Izinkinga ucwaningo kude

Kunzima kakhulu ukunquma indlela yokwakheka iplanethi ngu abathola kude bohlu kokukhanya kwelanga nokushisa radiation, ibonisa ebusweni Mercury. Planet kakhulu evuthayo, okushintsha izakhiwo optical we izinhlayiya amaminerali kanye inkimbinkimbi incazelo eqondile. Nokho, ukuthi "Isithunywa" iye ifakwe zomculo ezimbalwa, ubengekho ebhodini "Mariner-10", walinganisa chemical nokumbiwa Ukwakheka ngqo. Lezi amadivayisi ukuthatha isikhathi eside observation, kuyilapho umkhumbi sahlala eduze Mercury, ngakho imiphumela ethize emva wokuqala nezipani lemitsatfu lemifisha wayengekho. Kuphela ngesikhathi umsebenzi esemkhathini "Isithunywa" kwadingeka ulwazi olusha olwanele mayelana nokubunjwa surface yomhlaba.