"Kizhi" - Museum. Lapho, izithombe

umhlaba Russian amumethe izikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha esiyingqayizivele. Kodwa, mhlawumbe, endaweni ekhetheke kakhulu phakathi kwabo ithatha isiqhingi esihle isenkabeni ye North Russian. Russian Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" izakhiwo ngokhuni - kwekulu ezivulekile eziyinkimbinkimbi. isikhungo layo - Ensemble yezakhiwo, okuyinto ihlobisa Kizhi igceke lesonto.

Uphi Museum "Kizhi"?

Lo mbuzo impela abathandi nesithakazelo bokwakha lokhuni lasendulo. Zomlando kanye Architectural Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" itholakala esiqhingini ofanayo amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa kusukela Petrozavodsk - inhloko-dolobha Karelia. Lena enye yezindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile iminyuziyamu ezweni lethu. endaweni yaso amahektha angaphezu kuka eziyishumi. Karelia ingenye yezindawo avakashelwa njalo. Minyaka yonke kukhona izivakashi eyodwa abayizinkulungwane ezilikhulu lamatshumi ayisificaminwembili Russian angaphandle.

uhlobo

Woza kulezi zindawo olunothile nabathandi bemvelo. Esiqhingini ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyingqayizivele emvelweni, uhlalwe isibalo esikhulu sezithunjwa kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile. Namuhla, lapho bezazisa umzila ezithakazelisayo emvelweni, ogama obuphelele kuyibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angu ezintathu. insimu yalo ifakwe amasayithi eziningana lapho ungase ukwazi zibabaza emangalisayo ubunjalo Karelia. Phakathi nohambo, izivakashi angahlola iminonjana yeqhwa esehla lapha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-nanye yinkulungwane edlule, ukubona indawo yokwakha isidleke ka izinyoni sihamba, ukujabulela ubuhle understated bemvelo enyakatho.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Kizhi" Architecture Ngokhuni

Isiqiniseko sokuthi abantu ababengakaze balwazi eku-Karelia uyomangala ubuhle futhi okwakhe zalezi zindawo. Kodwa okokuqala, ake kube sobala ngalokho naleli chibi Museum "Kizhi". Onega sesibili ngobukhulu emasontweni aseYurophu, yesibili ngemva Ladoga. Kukhona iziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-1300 amancane, kodwa phakathi kwabo endaweni ekhethekile ithatha esiqhingini Kizhi. On, futhi isakhiwo itholakala. "Kizhi" - Museum, eyasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengamakhulu emibili nengxenye. Ngokusho lokuhlushwa izinto zamagugu zomlando kuba endaweni ehlukile, okuyinto ayinakuqhathaniswa e-European North wezwe lakithi.

Babuthene lapha iqoqo esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo has 76 izakhiwo. Siqukethe 82 izikhumbuzo zomlando esiqhingini Kizhi kuyinto 68, endaweni eseduze - 8, e Petrozavodsk - 6. Dala manje Museum edumile emhlabeni wonke "Kizhi", isithombe zazo kungabonakala zonke izincwajana ezinkulu uhambo ejensi, waqala ngo-1966 nge Kizhi. By endleleni, manje ingxenye ohlwini UNESCO. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo eziyinkimbinkimbi uvele ziphephile ezibalulekile, okuyinto zathathwa emizaneni Karelia.

Museum Izici

Zonke ukwakhiwa izinkuni eRussia endulo zazakhiwa usebenzisa ithuluzi elilodwa kuphela - Izembe. Nokho, namuhla kufanele siqaphele ukuthi izakhiwo ezinjalo cishe awekho, ngoba ngesikhathi nokubuyiselwa izingcweti ukusetshenziswa izinzipho nezinye izesekeli isakhiwo.

Eqinisweni, sonke isiqhingi kuyinto Museum esiyingqayizivele. esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, esesikhundleni "Kizhi" Museum, ihlukaniswe emikhakheni emithathu ehlukene. Avame kunazo wavakashela yizivakashi. ezikhumbuzo Ezinhle zitholakala edolobhaneni yomlando enyakatho yesiqhingi. ngokukhethekile 'Kizhi "(Museum) ikunika emsebenzini wokufundisa okufinyelela. Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa ihholo inkulumo, lapho ungafunda okuningi umlando isakhiwo.

Church of the isimo

Lokhu into, okwakubekelwa ngowokuqala ukubonwa yibo bonke esiqhingini Kizhi ukuza. Museum (noma kunalokho, udondolo lwakhe) uziqhenya kakhulu the emangalisa isakhiwo ngokhuni - Church of the isimo. Lesi sakhiwo Okumangazayo luhlaka (octagonal) nge ezine prirub. Ngamunye wabo akuvunyelwe kuthambekele eziyinhloko. Ezansi siyindlu ngokhuni ezimbili, lilincane kakhulu ngobukhulu.

Church of the isimo leNkosi - edume kunazo isethi ucezu. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa yayakhiwe ngasekupheleni XVI leminyaka. Nokho, umlilo omkhulu cishe walibhubhisa. I isakhiwo esihle kakhulu ukuthi singakwazi ukubona namuhla yakhiwa ngo-1714. ukuphakama kwakhe - 37 amamitha. Isonto ethwele izahluko 22 owaqalwa, onikeza ukwakhiwa ukubukeka fabulous.

I element eyinhloko emaqaqasini isonto iconostasis (I amane), esakhiwa 102 imifanekiso.

ibandla labaseTheselonika intercession

Enye isonto abadumile, okuyinto kungabonakala zonke izithombe Museum "Kizhi". Lona-Church of the lokulabhela Virgin. Yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVII, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (1764) lavuselelwa. I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba isakhiwo - luhlaka octagonal. ophahleni yayo lihlotshiswe domes ayisishiyagalolunye. alahleka zamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, njengengxenye imifanekiso yasekuqaleni - I iconostasis yesonto abuyiselwe ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa.

Church of the intercession ngokuvumelanayo kwenanela izakhiwo isimo, kuqhakambisa umbono yayo yasekuqaleni panorama kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi. Umpheme kuholela kompheme okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto ejwayelekile iningi enyakatho amasonto Russian. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuya isakhiwo sesonto. I-Church of the intercession, ungavakashela isevisi, ulalele chants ngendlela emangalisayo izindela ukuzwa izinsimbi wasezulwini. Okunabileko hhayi kuphela izivakashi kodwa futhi ochwepheshe shayela isithonjana. Ngokuyinhloko, zalotshelwa izakhamuzi. Domes amasonto omangalisayo abatelekile umsebenzi omuhle. Ngamunye wabo inezingxenye ezincane - ngamakhuba, ngesandla ezibaziweyo kusuka zikaphayini.

Church of the Ukuvuswa KukaLazaru

Imyuziyemu-Reserve "Kizhi" (isithombe ungabona ngezansi) has ku emkhawulweni izindawo nesizotha ezingaphezu kuka Ngokwesibonelo, esontweni isimo. Ngezinye Kizhi elise nesizotha isonto asendulo Ukuvuswa KukaLazaru. Lesi sakhiwo amancane afana iwuphawu uhambo oludumile enqobe izakhiwo zenkolo Russian kusukela kwaqala izingcezu eziyingqayizivele izakhiwo lokhuni ezihlobene XVII-XVIII eminyaka.

Ososayensi, izazi-mlando eziye zahlola ngokuhlanganyela isimo imithi izingxenye zesakhiwo. Baphetha ngokuthi isakhiwo kungokwalabo ngekhulu XVI. Lena kahle elula isakhiwo Kletskaya hlobo. ezakhiwe Okufanayo babe isidumbu chetyrehstenny: okubizwa ngokuthi ophahleni gable futhi yezinyoni, okuletha kubo ngaphandle neqembu ongumlimi izakhiwo - kusukela okugeza kanye phambi eqhugwaneni esibayeni. Ngo-1961, lesikhumbuzo lalungiswa ngu umakhi AV Opolovnikova. Bakhandwa kahle ahlolwe futhi wasebenzisa esisele 1876 izilinganiso, eyenziwe Academician L. V Dalem. Lokhu kuzobuyisela isonto ngokunemba okukhulu.

nezinye ukwakhiwa

"Kizhi" - Museum, okuyinto abathuthele ensimini ka ongumlimi izindlu ezingaphezu kuka amabili, amasonto amaningana, izindlu: izinqolobane, izindlu zokugeza, Rig. I Interiors yezindlu anemisila amathuluzi, izinto, ifenisha, ayesetshenziselwa ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngabazalwane abadlula amakhulu ayisihlanu kwemifanekiso agcinwe lapha ukugcizelela ukuthi singobani isiko esenyakatho iconography.

iqoqo esingenantengo

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Kizhi" - akuyona kuphela esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, kodwa futhi eyigugu kakhulu isitokwe iqoqo. Lena iqoqo lezinto ezihlukahlukene ethnography, yesandla ephrintiwe amabhuku, imidwebo, izithombe nemidwebo. A ezihlukahlukene izimali ivumela Museum ukuba njengoba lo mbukiso main kanye nemibukiso zesikhashana.

Izimali zihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana:

1. iconography Orthodox. Leli qoqo kwemifanekiso ukuthi zigcinwa Izindlwana namathempeli, izithombe ukuthi wawuhlotshiswe "emakhoneni abomvu" indawo yokulala emizini abalimi.
2. endaweni okuhlobisa-isicelo. Lapha kuto abacebile iqoqo ukwelukwa, imidwebo, efekethisiwe, ukhuni eqoshwe.
3. imibhalo ezigciniwe zomlando. Lapha eqoqwe Opolovnikova wezakhiwo imidwebo kokuqhuba ukusebenza sokubuyiselwa.

Izimali Museum walondoloza ngifaka ubudala united Kizhi indaba ephathwayo. A ehlukile, ingxenye ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo yesikhwama isipele izithombe yezakhamuzi zendawo enziwa ngaphambi 1940.

umsebenzi wokubuyisela

Kusukela ngo-1980, e-eziyinkimbinkimbi ohlukile ongaphansi ukulalelisisa we-UNESCO kwenziwe emsebenzini wokulungisa. Ngaphambi ochwepheshe kukhona umbuzo: "? Indlela ukusindisa esakhiweni sezingodo, eniselwa imvula kushaywa imimoya kusukela enyakatho ngo-1714". Kuwo wonke umhlaba lalifuna ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe kanye nokulondolozwa izinkuni kodwa kungenzeki lutho ukusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali. Ngeshwa, vane ezitholakala emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, i-restorers kwadingeka ukuba ujike kumuzwa yokhokho odale lezi imisebenzi yobuciko. Namuhla nabazukulu bezifundo abaklami enyakatho ngokusebenza lapha, ababazi nabakhandi ngokhuni akuyona olungcono phakathi nesizukulwane esisodwa.

Ohlukile umsebenzi ihlobene ngaphezulu neqiniso ukuthi izihlahla zikaphayini, okuyindawo ukwakha amasonto, wazinquma kulo ebusika ezinzima izimbazo abandayo kanye kuphela. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kuleli cala kukhona nokongiwa resin zemvelo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abazalwane ukhuni egcinwe emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Lezi iziqu wawugcinwa iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, kodwa ngemva kwalokho ingasetshenziswa ukwakhiwa.

Kukhona umbono ukuthi isikhathi esisukela XIV kuya kweleshumi XVIII kwaba kulezi zingxenye "Ice Age." Futhi ngo-1714 kwaba nenani eliphakeme labangu yamakhaza, ngakho iziqu esihlahleni babe startlingly okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu izindandatho.

imodi

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Kizhi" kungenziwa wavakashela ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ebusika khona elinde izivakashi kusukela 10.00 kuya 16,00, ehlobo - kusuka 8.00 kuya 20.00. Ukuze lesi siqhingi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ungakwazi ukushayela kusukela dolobha Karelia, Petrozavodsk. Indlela yesibili ungaqala edolobhaneni Velikaya Guba (Medvezhiegorsk esifundeni). Ukuvakashela esiqhingini ngokuvamile kufakwe uhlelo hambo ukuthi asuke Petersburg.

Phakathi navigation nge esiteshini Petrozavodsk Water inikeza izindiza njalo. Uhambo kuthatha ihora elilodwa futhi emizuzwini eyishumi nanhlanu. Izindebe Olukhulu ungaletha kulesi siqhingi ngo-abathwali yangasese. Fans of emidlalweni eyingozi ebusika ungathola lapha Ukushushuluza noma inja ledding. Ehlobo kungaba inikelwe ngendiza enophephela emhlane izivakashi. Lesi siqhingi ayinakho amahhotela. Futhi kule angomakhelwane kukhona kungenzeka izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuba azinze izindlu isivakashi. Kubhaliselwe endaweni yabo kungenziwa preset.

Ikhambo Tips

Wonke umuntu ufuna ukubona esiyingqayizivele eziyinkimbinkimbi "Kizhi" - emnyuziyamu - kufanele uqaphele ukuthi kukhona imithetho ethile ukuze babonwe. Okokuqala, ukuhlolwa lesikhumbuzo ligcinwe, ephelezelwa ukuvakasha ikhadi. Okwesibili, akavunyelwe emnyu- ezifuywayo. Okwesithathu, izivakashi yokupaka kungenziwa esiseHholo izindawo okhethiwe. A yokupaka kwanoma iyiphi imoto esihlelwe nesimiso sokuqondisa.