KAWZ-685. Ibhasi lamazinga aseSoviet ephakathi

I hero ye-athikili yanamuhla ibhasi le-KavZ-685. Le mishini yakhiqizwa esiteshini sebhasi lase Kurgan kusukela ngo-1971. Leli bhasi, kunalokho, isigaba esincane kunesilinganiso. Wayengenayo injongo ethile, lo mshini-jikelele. Lokhu kuthutha kubalwa ukusebenza ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ikakhulukazi emigwaqeni engavunyelwe. Ukwenza lokhu, kwakuhlonywe kahle, kwakunezindawo ezidingekayo zamandla futhi zinezimoto eziphezulu. Ake sijwayelane nale moto. Amabhasi amadala athakazelisa kakhulu. Unomlando okhethekile, manje, mhlawumbe, akekho owenzayo cishe ongahambi kuwo.

Umlando womodeli

Umlando wale bhasi uqala ngokuvulwa kwesitshalo. Lokhu kwakungu-1958. Into yokuqala eyenziwe esitshalweni saseKurgan, kwakunamamodeli angu-651. Ukusebenza ekuthuthukiseni le mishini yaqala eminyakeni engama-40 ekhulwini lokugcina. Imodeli yakhiwe kwi-chassis kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-GAZ-51. Ngakho-ke, lapho ku-GAZ yama-60 iqala ukukhiqiza i-GAZ-53A entsha, isitshalo se-Kurgan silungele ukudala amabhasi amasha kule chassis.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-60, i-prototype yokuqala ye-KAVZ-685 yaqala ukuvela. Lezi zimoto zokuqala zinezici ezihlukile, ezingafani nezisekelo zazo GAZ-53A. Kwakukhona omunye umshini we-radiator lapha. Ukukhanyisa kwanikezwa ngesimo sesistimu ezine-factor. Ngemva kwesikhashana, abaklami banquma ukushiya lo mklamo. Futhi kulolu chungechunge bekukhona amabhasi anengxenye yendabuko yeGAS esisekelo.

Ukuze kuqaliswe ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial yemishini yebhasi, ukuphathwa kwalesi sitshalo kwaqala ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwesitshalo. Ngakho, izindawo zokukhiqiza ziye zanda kakhulu.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwaphumelela, futhi ngo-1971 i-KAVZ-685 yokuqala yahamba emgqeni wendibano. Amamodeli ajwayelekile ayenayo i-hood ejwayelekile, kodwa ahluke kakhulu kulolu chungechunge oluyinhloko nge-windshield design. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinga eligcwele kwaqaliswa ngempumelelo ngo-1973. Ngo-1974, isampula esingu-100,000th esivela emgqeni womhlangano. Kuzo zonke izikhathi zokukhiqiza izikhathi eziningana imodeli ishintshe kokubili ekuklanyeni nasezintweni zobuchwepheshe.

I-KavZ-685: imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe

Le modeli ishintshwe ibhasi le-651. Noma kunjalo, ukuklama akushintshe okuningi. Lapha singabona imoto ngenhloso yokuhlelwa kwezinkukhu hhayi umthamo omkhulu. Ibhasi lalilula ukukhonza, futhi, njengoba sesiyazi kakade, kwakungenhloso yokusebenza ezimweni zemigwaqo engcolile.

Nakuba i-chassis yamamodeli amadala namasha ayengaboni ngaso linye, kanti ibhasi elidala laseKurgan lalihluke kakhulu kulowo omusha, sibona ubungako obukhulu kulo modeli omusha, ngoba sinebhasi leSoviet futhi phambi kwethu. Imoto entsha yayingabamba abantu abangu-28, yayinezici ezinhle zezobuchwephesha, ezishintshayo kanye nezici. Izici zalesi sikhokho samabhasi zanamuhla ngokugcwele zihambisana nezidingo ezethulwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Injini

Izibonelo zokuqala ze-KavZ-685 zinezinjini ezine zokushaya izinhlungu ezine-cylinder. BeyiZMZ 53A. Ama-cylinders kulezi zinyunithi zamandla atholakala nge-V.

Amandla ale njini angama-120 amalitha. Nge. Imvamisa yokujikeleza yayiyi-3200 rpm. Injini yayinesibani esihle ngaleso sikhathi - 245 N / m. Umthamo wenjini wawuyi-4.25 amalitha. Imoto yayidinga ama-24 amalitha kagesi ngamakhilomitha ayikhulu. Ithegi lebhasi linamandla angu-105 amalitha. Isivinini esiphezulu kule moto sasingu-90 km / h.

Ukuthutha

Konke kufana nalokhu lapha ku-GAZ. I-KavZ-685 ifakwe ukuhanjiswa kwejubane ezine. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ibhokisi laliyisimo esincane eshintshiwe sokudluliswa kwe-GAZ-5312. Ukuthutha emva kokuguqulwa kwakuvumelanisiwe kokudluliswa kwesithathu nokumnyama.

Ukubuthana kule mishini kwasetshenziswa isomiso, i-disk eyodwa. Le ndlela yayisentwasahlobo, i-périphheral. Amathanga ayexhunywe nge-drive yamagesi.

Isistimu ye-Brake

Amabhuleki ayenziwa ngendlela yesistimu yezibili. Ama-brake ngokwabo kwakuyidrama, eyayisebenza kuwo wonke amasondo. Ukuvula i-brake, onjiniyela basebenzise i-drive hydraulic, eyayibuye ifakwe ne-vacuum amplifier.

IJometri

Umzimba wawungamamitha angu-6.6 ubude, ububanzi bezingamamitha angu-2,555, ukuphakama kwebhasi kwakungu-3.03 m. I-wheelbase ingamamitha angu-3.7, kanti imvume yomhlabathi ingama-265 mm.

Isisindo salolo moto singamathani ayi-4.08. Isisindo esiphezulu singamathani ayizi-6.5. Uhlobo lwe-wheel of the chassis luyi-4 × 2. Ingqikithi encane yokujika yale moto yayiyimitha ayi-8.

Umzimba

Awunakusho lutho olusha lapha. Njengazo zonke ezinye amabhasi ase-USSR, umzimba walesi bhasi nawo wenziwe ngensimbi eqinile. Umzimba wenziwa enkonzweni yezinkukhu. Ihood evunyelwe ukwenza lula kakhulu ukutholakala kwabashayeli kanye nemishini kumayunithi angaphakathi kanye neyunithi yamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi nomsebenzi wokulungisa usebenze ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo.

Ngaphakathi

I-salon yebhasi yavumela kahle ukuhlanganisa abagibeli abangu-28. Izihlalo zokuhlala zaziyizingu-21. Ukuvumela abagibeli ukuba bahlale phansi, abaklami babanikeza umnyango owodwa kuphela. Omunye u-salon wayenokuphuma okuphuthumayo emnyango wangemuva. Mayelana ne-salon ayinaso into engayisho, kodwa yayinehlelo elihle kakhulu lokushisa. Waze wafudumala nekhabhinethi ngendlela ebandayo kakhulu. Uhlelo lwe-ventilation lungokwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, onjiniyela nabadwebi banikeze amafasitela ahlangene, kanye nezintambo.

Ukwenza kube lula ukugibela abagibeli ukuthi basebenzise le moto, izihlalo ezithambile zanikezwa ku-cabin. Ngokuhlukile, ngifuna ukusho ngendwangu yezihlalo. Wayegqoke kakhulu futhi angase akhonze isikhathi esisodwa noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba ashintshwe. Umshayeli akazange azivelele kubagibeli. Ngakho, amazinga okuphepha awahlinzeki ngezingxenye. Umshayeli wafika endaweni yakhe yokusebenzela enomnyango ohlukile.

Isihlalo somshayeli

Indawo yokusebenza yayinezo zonke izimo, ukuze umshayeli akhathele ngezindiza ezivamile. Isihlalo singahle silungiswe ukuze sisuse kudeshibhodi, futhi kube nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuthambekela.

Amabhasi amadala awazange afakwe i-GUR, kodwa isondo lokushayela lale moto lalinomthamo omkhulu, okwenza kube lula ukulawula. Zonke izintambo ezidingekayo nezitshintshi zasezindaweni ezilula.

Kudeshibhodi kuphela okudingekayo. Ngakho-ke, abaqambi nabanjiniyela babenakekele ukuthi ukunakwa komshayeli akushaywanga.

Izibuko zazizikhulu ngokungaqondakali. Bayikhuthaza ubukhulu bomzimba. Ngakho kwaba ngcono kakhulu ukuhlolwa komgwaqo. Isikhwama somoya sasinehlukaniso. Ingxenye ngayinye yayine-windscreen wiper. Lokhu kwavumela ukugcina ingilazi ihlanzekile futhi ayizange iphazamise isondo.

Mayelana nokulungiswa nokusebenza

Kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi lezi zithombe ezibonakalayo azizange zidale izinkinga kubashayeli noma imishini. Imoto yayisekelwe ku-GAZ-53A, okuyinto, ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa ukwakha ibhasi, yadlula ukuhlolwa okuningi. I-chassis esitshalweni saseKurgan yayilungele ukusebenza ngokungahambi kwemigwaqo ye-asphalt.

Kusukela onjiniyela ngaleso sikhathi, ukudala imodeli entsha, wazama ukwakha umshini ukuze ahlangane nodes eziyisisekelo namanothi ezindala ngangokunokwenzeka, bese ngaleso sikhathi ngaphandle kwezinkinga zathola izingxenye ezithengiwe ezidingekayo. Ibhasi le-KAVZ-685 kanye nomklamo walo avunyelwe ukukhishwa kwemishini ukuze kutholakale kalula amaphutha uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka nokusebenza ngokushesha ekuqedeni.

Ukuguqulwa

Ngesisekelo salesi simodeli kwakukhona ukushintshwa okuhlukahlukene. Zadalwa ukuze zisetshenziswe kwezinye izingxenye zezwe ezinezimo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo se-685C senzelwe ukushayela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kwakukhona amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu emoyeni, ngakho imoto yayinezimpahla zokufudumala, amafasitela amabili aphuziziwe kanye nokushisa kwe-injini.

Kwakukhona nezinye izinhlobonhlobo. Isibonelo, i-685G yayihloselwe izindawo zezintaba. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imoto ingayinqoba ngokuphepha izinsika zemigwaqo yezintaba, ibhasi lalinamabhasikidi akhethekile nabalindile, futhi egumbini lomgibeli, amabhande asezikhundleni afakwa .

Njengesiphetho

Ngesikhathi salo kwakuyibhasi elihle kakhulu. Abanjiniyela benza konke okusemandleni abo. Ngezinye izikhathi lemishini ingabonakala ngenye indlela emigwaqweni yasemaphandleni. Basesebenza endaweni ethile - yilokho okushiwo ikhwalithi yeSoviet.