Kanjani ukuze ahlangane a Rubik sika cube: imfundo Wabasaqalayo

Akuvamile esingayenza ukukhokhela injabulo eliphelele ungenzi lutho lapho sipha baphumule imikhono, imilente, ikhanda kanye wonke umzimba iyonke. Ngokuvamile, thina kuphela ucabanga singenzi lutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umuntu iyasebenza kakhulu emvelweni. Ubizwa unesizungu futhi bayazibuza ukunyakaza amorphous zokuphila. Uma saba umzuzu yokuzikhethela, akakwazi ukucela umnqophwakhe wekuthomeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlangana cube a Rubik sika. Iziyalezo ukuqoqwa puzzle ethize kakhulu, kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka ngempela ngempela.

Kancane amaqiniso angokomlando

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-40 edlule, i-umqophi Hungarian Erno Rubik phendla izwe puzzle game yakhe edumile, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i nje ngegama yombhali. Khona-ke, umsunguli eyayihilelekile efundisa design ezimbonini kanye izakhiwo. Kukhona inguqulo Wakhuphuka cube for ithuluzi yokufundisa, ngawo ungakwazi ukuchaza ngokucacile izinto eziyisisekelo zezibalo iqembu theory. Abafundi umsunguli kuyinselele - ukuthola amabhlogo ukujikisa ngokukhululekile emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokulimaza ubunye isakhi puzzle. Ngakho, abahloli kuqala baye baba abangane nabafundi cube.

Ngo-1975, cube the Rubik sika yomthetho, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili nje umkhankaso ukukhiqizwa batch kwezentengiselwano cubes. Okokuqala baqala ukwenza wokubambisana encane e Budapest, okuyinto ibekwe njengoba Cube kaNcibijane ithoyizi Rubik sika. Iziyalezo inhlangano kungukuthi enamathiselwe, kodwa into ukukhohlisa inala izimbali kanye imfihlakalo yayo. Ithoyizi isibe lwathandeka futhi umema zonke izigaba sabantu. I yokwanda ukuthandwa yesibili iphutha ngenkathi cube ukubonwa ezandleni isikhonzi usomabhizinisi German uTibor Lakzi bewathanda wezibalo. Waqala ukukhuthaza umkhiqizo okuphambene Tom Kremer - umsunguli we imidlalo yimpumelelo. Ndawonye, bakwazi ukusebenzisa le "cubic" ayehlasela nokukhululwa amathoyizi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100.

ubude besikhathi

Ngakho, singakanani isikhathi ungakwazi ukuqoqa cube the Rubik sika? Imiyalelo kungukuthi ikakhulukazi bakhangwa Wabasaqalayo "phazili". Ngakho-ke kufanele ukuqoqa eside futhi kabuhlungu. Abantu abaningi abazi asukume Phonsa waqala maphakathi. Kodwa inhlangano yama-puzzle kahle eba motor amakhono, kuvusa ingqondo, Usenza sizole futhi kusiza ukuba uzazi kahle wena. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baqonde ukuthi okungahleliwe bahlanganise puzzle kunzima kakhulu. Omunye iphendukele algorithm efakazelwe. Abaningi "podsazhivatsya" badlulele inhlangano okusheshayo. Abantu abanjalo ngokuthi "spidkuberami", futhi inqubo ngokwalo - "spidkubingom". Ngisho labetibambile imincintiswano olusemthethweni ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi-World Cube Association. Namuhla usetha irekhodi emhlabeni e 5,55 imizuzwana. isethi yakhe uMats Wolf. Phambi kwakhe, irekhodi emhlabeni kwakungekaNkulunkulu feliks Zemdegs futhi kwaba imizuzwana 5,66. Ngokusho ngolwazi olungekho emthethweni, wadinga nemiphumela 4,79 imizuzwana.

Wabasaqalayo

Ngakho ubhekene ephethe Cube Rubik sika. imiyalelo LoMhlangano kwaze kwaba lotifundze ngaphezulu, futhi ufuna ukwenza ukuqonda indlela yokuqhuba puzzle. Ngo amathoyizi 6 izinhlangothi anemibala ehlukene. Lapho uthenga zonke izinhlangothi aqoqene kanye cubes nangebala. Ake umcabango run zasendle futhi vula ngomzuzu cube kuwo wonke izimbazo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphambi - puzzle eyinkimbinkimbi eyayibonakala hhayi sicacise. Abantu abaningi batusa ukuvala umhlangano ukuqaqa ngokuphelele cube ku imininingwane ukuqinisekisa indlela efanele. Uma konke ilungile, bese alungele ukucubungula. Isakhiwo Wabasaqalayo unezigaba eziyisikhombisa, ngamunye okuyinto okumele izuzwe, ngisho nasenganeni.

Step by step Umhlahlandlela: ukuhlanganisa cube a Rubik sika

Uzodinga ukugxila ohlangothini omhlophe. Cabanga ukuthi base ebamba wonke isakhiwo. Ngemva "ukukhwabanisa" ngamunye, hlola ohlangothini elimhlophe ubuqotho bakhe alizange. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala ukuqoqa engu- ezimhlophe, futhi lapho kukhona square esimhlophe maphakathi. Qaphela ukuthi izinhlaka zungeza ohlangothini ngalunye asikisele umbala ukuqoqa lapho. Ngesikhathi sigaba sesibili kubalulekile ukuba ahlanganise amakhona ohlangothini omhlophe. Okulandelayo ukuza ezimhlophe ungqimba imiphetho, isiphambano irowu lokugcina. Ngemva isidingo uqhubekele umgwaqo izimbambo nezokugcina ungqimba emakhoneni futhi kushintsha-engeli.

Phakathi ezivamile

imiyalelo ethandwa kakhulu ukuhlangana cube the Rubik sika wombhali Dzhessiki Fridrih. Le ndlela umhlangano ngesivinini ukuthi akudingi ukugcina inani elikhulu amafomula. Into esemqoka - ukuqonda isimiso. Ngo inqubo uya esiphambanweni ngolunye uhlangothi. Isendlalelo lokuqala eqoqwe kanyekanye ne lesibili. I orientation ezilandelayo futhi permutation izici ungqimba engenhla.

umuzwa

Uma ngekhanda ifomula engafuni, khona-ke ukunambitheka kuyodingeka isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo kwi-nqubo ye-Rubik sika Cube Valery Morozov. Lapha kudingeke ukhumbule izibonelo nezimiso eziyisisekelo inhlangano. Okokuqala eqoqwe eziyisishiyagalombili ekhoneni izingcezu. Ngokulandelayo, izimbambo emine ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo ziqoqwa e esiphambanweni ezinsikeni zawo. Asele imiphetho eziyisishiyagalombili lekufanele ngazimbili lesifanele. Ekupheleni imikhakha eyisithupha ebalulekile ezifakiwe ngobuso babo.

Siya kumugqa

Uma usuvele wazama ngisho wakwazi ukuqoqa puzzle, ungazama okubizwa ngokuthi strip indlela. Kuyinto efanelekayo cube 5 * 5, kodwa isitimela kungcono ngenguqulo ezincane - 3 * 3.

Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa indlela kumele akwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwesandla bese ubamba ukujikeleza cube ohlangothini udvweba umugca locondzile ngokumelene nalo. Umhlangano iqala ngesiphambano eziyihlazo emhlophe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kudluliselwe nakulabo izakhi emincane. Umsebenti wakho - ukuba ahambisana izakhi ephakathi ye ohlangothini engenhla, okuyinto asuke engu- emhlophe. izakhi White emincane ezidingekayo ukuthuthela siye ohlangothini olufanayo. Umuntu ongenalwazi ungafunda ngale ndlela Rubik sika Cube. imiyalelo LoMhlangano Wabasaqalayo yalolu hlobo ngisho simple, kodwa linikeza isiqondiso. Lungela yokuthi kuba akuwona neze umsebenzi olula.

ulwazi eyisisekelo

It kuvela ukuthi abantu abaningi kuyofika nge-algorithm, indlela babuthane cube a Rubik sika. Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo ngenkathi akusiyo kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Mhlawumbe, futhi, uzokwazi usungula indlela yakhe siqu? Noma kungenzeka, kodwa kukhona ulwazi oluyisisekelo eziyosisiza ukuba wonke umuntu. Ngakho, cube has a Uhlaka - isiphambano zazo ogibele central okuyingxenye. Zonke izinto ezingumsuka ezithathekayo, kanye cube uzungeza kuzo zonke izindawo. Ukuze base ngokuvamisile uthatha uhlangothi ezimhlophe, futhi okuphambene - ngokuvamile ophuzi. Ukujikeleza izingxenye kungenzeka ohlangothini ngokwewashi, ngokumelene nalo futhi 180 degrees. Luphinde kwaziwe ukuthi elula emhlanganweni wesifunda ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa ngokulandelana. Eyokuqala njalo uya esiphambanweni mhlophe

Isigaba esiyinhloko

Ngakho, ngaphambi kokuba cube Rubik sika, imfundo Wabasaqalayo futhi kwesokunxele - cishe isigamu sehora. Lokhu kwanele ukufunda izisekelo inhlangano. Ekuqaleni, musa ukuxosha isikhathi. Ziqeqeshe umkhuba kuphela kuyokusiza ukuba ube spidkuberom. Okwamanje, zama ukubazi kahle esigabeni main - inhlangano yesiphambano. By the way, spidkubery yimpumelelo ukwenza ke intuitively, njengoba azikho amafomula. Into esemqoka - ukuthola isiqondiso lapho cube white maphakathi. Khumbula ukuthi ubambo ngamunye has imibala emibili cube, futhi ngokufanelekile kufanele ifanelane nge izikhungo ezimbili - omhlophe nombala. Manje hlola isiqondiso nge isikhungo mhlophe khona izimbambo emhlophe. Uma kunjalo, khona-ke nje uphendukisa phansi cube ukufanisa ubambo ne isikhungo yesibili. Manje sibheke phesheya, uma kukhona imiphetho ezimhlophe fin, bona impela nje ukubuyela ecaleni emhlophe. Tincenye letisele kungase kushintshwe phezulu, oqeda iqhuzu ohlangothini omhlophe kuya phezulu futhi ukuyivala maphakathi.

Qala inqubo emhlanganweni

Eyokuqala izingqimba ezimbili zingabekwa impela nje. Lesi yisikhathi esibi kakhulu kulabo ucabange indlela ukuqoqa cube the Rubik sika. Ukufundiswa Wabasaqalayo liwusizo ezibukwayo, kodwa ngokuvamile, lesi sinyathelo engenziwa intuitively. Inkinga eyinhloko ngale - emincane kulungiselelwa amabhlogo ungqimba wokuqala. Ngo spidkuberov Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona isu elikhethekile abayibiza ngokuthi "bang-bang". Phela, anakho indlela yakhe siqu. Cube, zama njalo isikhungo emhlophe (futhi ohlangothini, ngokulandelana) phansi. Bheka eceleni amadayisi ehambelana umbala umngcele izinhlangothi. Side ubuso Phakamisani, abesethatha okuphambene ohlangothini kusukela ohlangothini engu- ukuthi "elivulekile ngomqondo" ngakolunye ubuso. Mshini ukwakha of cubes ekhoneni liyefana - Ukucinga cube ngombala ngaphakathi, ebeka it emkhakheni oyifunayo, bese - ukwaba maqondana sisonqenqemeni cube "entsha". Ngemva kokubekela amabhlogo emincane ungqimba ephansi ungakwazi uqhubekele phansi yesibili. I-algorithm kuyafana, kodwa amabhlogo search kuba nzima futhi isikhathi eside. Nazi okungcono ubambo cubes kwabekwa esebenzisa ifomula kanye isibuko sayo sediski. Ngaphambi ukuqondanisa kudingekile ukushintshanisa ungqimba engenhla kanye cube ubambo setha endaweni oyifunayo. Njalo ubheke umbala ohlangothini ubuso olufana umbala wemboni eyinhloko ungqimba maphakathi. Oh, futhi ungabhubhisi esiphambanweni engenhla emhlophe. Uma i-ekwakheni isandla mhlophe, khona ungeyena priori i- ubuqotho bakhe, kodwa uma umbala uya iqembu, lapho kubhidlizwa i-cross ezimhlophe kubabangele nezinxushunxushu ephelele esifanayo phakathi kwendida. ezinikezwa Mirror-like kungenziwa ngokugcwele ababebuthene ohlangothini omhlophe futhi phansi izingqimba ezimbili ohlangothini ngalunye. Plus, ngenxa yomsebenzi emaphakathi wemboni amaqembu yakho kufanele kuhambisane izikhungo. Manje usele nge esigabeni sokugcina - ukuqoqwa amabhlogo emincane ohlangothini engenhla.

Abantu abaningi ngesikhathi sabo esikhululekile ukuqoqa cube the Rubik bese uyazama ukwenza kusheshe futhi kube lula ukuba abanye. Kusukela ngo-1980, i-search waqala salokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-algorithm kaNkulunkulu umhlangano okusheshayo. Zezibalo, ikhompyutha program futhi umane yesayensi izimfihlakalo abathandi ngifuna indlela ukuxazulula impicabadala kule inombolo okungenani uhamba. Ngo-2010, i-Unicode Tomas Rokicki, Mathematics HG Kotsemba futhi Morley Davidson, kanye unjiniyela John Detridzh bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi yimuphi ukucushwa kwe-puzzle zingaxazululwa in a esiphezulu 20 uhamba. Inqubekela ne sokwenza yiliphi ubuso.