Kalmykia: inhlokodolobha, labantu, isiko

Umnqopho we kulesi sihloko kuyoba Republic Kalmykia. Inhloko-dolobha ye kule ndawo, Elista, kuhlukile kunokunikeza eminye imizi Russia. Kuwufanele ngokuvakashela okungenani ukuze simazi kangcono izwe ethakazelisayo ngokuhlakanipha nabantu abaningi abangamaBuddha. Kalmykia okwamanje asikwazi kubhekwe ipharadesi izivakashi, kodwa esifundeni luhlala lukhula, ihhotela elisha. Kulesi ezweni labantu abayimizulane lasendulo bangaphila leli tende, ukubona nemihlambi yamahhashi zasendle, ukugibela ikamela. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa on kanjani ukuba republic of Kalmykia, lapho ukuthola ukubukeka and ukunambitheka, kanye nalokho ukuletha nabo kwimemori, bheka lesi sihloko. Siphinde waqokomisa umlando kuyinkimbinkimbi abantu asemaqeleni nendlela yalo yokuphila yesimanje yokuthanda.

indawo

I-Republic of Kalmykia itholakala engxenyeni European Russian Federation. Ngo Eningizimu elisemngceleni ne laseStavropol Territory. Noma kunjalo, iningi lalolo hlanga weRiphabhulikhi Buddhist. Lokhu ezithakazelisayo futhi Kalmykia. Awudingi undize uye Thailand futhi Mongolia ukubona pagodas, stupas nokuthandaza ukubaza zikaBuddha abahlezi nokuzindla. Konke lokhu kungenxa e Elista. Kalmykia itholakala eningizimu Russian Federation, it has a usayizi kunalokho enkulu. endaweni Wakhe amashumi asixhenxe anamathandathu amawaka amakhilomitha square ezingaphezu kuka eBelgium, eSwitzerland, e-Netherlands noma Denmark. Ibanga ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu phezu amakhilomitha angamakhulu amane lamatshumi amahlanu nesishiyagalombili, kusukela empumalanga kuya entshonalanga - 423 km. Eningizimu imingcele republic yemvelo yimifula Kuma futhi Manych. Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga it is wageza ngu yoLwandle iCaspian. Kusukela endaweni esenyakatho-mpumalanga Kalmykia osondela iVolga. Futhi engxenyeni enyakatho-ntshonalanga ilinganiselwe Ergeninskaya egqumeni.

Isimo sezulu

Republic of Kalmykia , ngenxa endaweni yayo enkulu etholakala esishintshashintshayo ezintathu zemvelo - ehlane, semi ezingwadule futhi emaqeleni. Impumuzo lapha ikakhulu flat, kodwa ngoba kukhona imimoya njalo eqinile, ngezinye izikhathi ezikhula zibe imimoya owomile. Isimo sezulu yezwekazi kuleli zwe. okushisa ehlobo ongafinyelela 42 degrees. Winter seqhwa, kodwa ashubisa umnkantsha. sezulu yezwekazi kakhulu kwandisa usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga. Kodwa eningizimu isilinganiso Januwari lokushisa kuphela lokususa eziyisishiyagalombili degrees Celsius. Ubusika enomoya ezindaweni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga. Kukhona frost ongafinyelela -35 degrees Celsius futhi ngezansi. Kodwa leli zwe ngiziqhayise inqwaba izinsuku ecacile. Ilanga lapha kukhanya mayelana 184 izinsuku ngonyaka. A ahlobene nehlala njalo kwenkathi olufudumele - izinsuku 250-270. Futhi ngenkathi isilinganiso Julayi lokushisa +24,5 ° kuphela C, Izikhumbuzo njalo. Ngaphandle ihaba, singasho ukuthi isihloko Russian Federation ngesikhathi izingxabano kwendawo Volgograd isihloko esifundeni ezishisa.

umnotho

On the indawo ye-republic zikhona izimali ezifakwa ezihlobene iCaspian uwoyela negesi sifundazwe kwesigubhu. eziqhutshwa Manje Ermolinskaya futhi Burulsky kahle. amahle kakhulu ukuthuthukisa kwemithombo umoya energy esifundeni ukuphi. uhulumeni Kalmykia sika ngokuthatha izinyathelo kuqala endleleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunyakaza emoyeni uquqaba musa umonakalo ezolimo, futhi yazuza. Ikakhulukazi, manje lakhiwa Kalmyk amandla omoya. Inkinga enkulu ebhekene nomkhakha wezolimo kuyinto kuntuleka amanzi ahlanzekile. Kwezulu iphansi - kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili noma ezintathu namashumi amamilimitha angu ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, wezolimo kwesigubhu ezibalulekile. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - Chograyskoe elise emngceleni laseStavropol Territory.

Imifula kanye namachibi of Kalmykia

Ezingwini sandy yoLwandle iCaspian, agcwele amatheku encane, singaba omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha e-Republic of Kalmykia. Maye, ngenkathi alisetshenziswa. IVolga kweqa indawo ye-republic kuphela dvenadtsatikilometrovom indawo. Okunye angenasawoti imithambo kukhona Kuma (ihlukanisa Kalmykia kusukela Dagestan), eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Manych, Egorlyk. Iningi imifula Kalmykia ezincane, wome ehlobo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa amanzi ababayo-okunosawoti. Ngakho-ke, namathafa main kuleli zwe kukhona emaqeleni ezomile kanye lulwimi ezingwadule. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuthi sikusho echibini, okuyinto idume Kalmykia. Photo Yashaltinskogo Big Lake, uke Cishe kakade. ayelapha of amanzi awo kudlulwe ngaphandle yoLwandle Olufile. Kuze kube manje, eyodwa kuphela ukwelashwa isikhungo imi ngasogwini lwalo. Yakhiwa muva futhi kungenzeka ngokushesha ukuba zakhelwe lapha, kanye nezinye izikhungo ezifanayo. Phela, kuze kube manje ukuthi ogwini zasendle echibini eziningi zabantu ziza ukwelapha izifo - zokuphefumula kuya ukukhiqizwa kabusha.

Asikwazi bagejwa embozwe legends echibini Manych-Gudilo. igama layo-ke wathola ngenxa umoya, ishicilelwe phezu abushelelezi okulusizi umsindo okwesabisayo. indawo yokwakha isidleke we Waterfowl kuyinto Mvume-Hulsun. Okunye amachibi ezibalulekile - Sostinskie futhi Sarpa, Small Yashaltinskoe.

Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene Kalmykia

Kalmykia, ogama izithombe ngokuvamile emaqeleni engapheli futhi ephuma kabili ezingwadule, kungaphansi treeless kulo lonke Russian Federation. Izimila lumelwe lapha uphaphe, ensimini tumbleweed, nezinye izinhlobo zawo ziye ingashintshwa ukuze sezulu esomile nenhlabathi okunosawoti. On the amachibi esidlekeni cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amathathu zezinyoni. Kulawa, angu-amathathu Red Book of Russia. Kodwa Kalmykia abadumile, kungcono yokuthi insimu yayo kuhlale European saiga labantu kuphela. Ukuze uvikele zilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ekuqothulweni, ngo-1990, kwase kunesiqiniseko ngu-Reserve "Black Land". Ibanga phakathi Kuma kanye iVolga endaweni eziyikhulu amabini anamahlanu amawaka amahektha. Kukhona futhi kakade sikhulume echibini Manych-Gudilo iziqhingi nambili. Izivakashi lapha ufune ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi yokwakha isidleke, bustards, Umkhomo lwaseDalmatia nezingxenye iwashi egijima nemihlambi yamahhashi zasendle. Good ukuba Manych-Gudilo ezimweni kunomoya. Khona-ke sizungeze amagagasi echibini elikhulu (kufika ku-12 amamitha eliphezulu!). I howls emoyeni njengoba kubonakala, zonke imimoya emibi kusukela Kalmyk legends zathuthelekela lapha ukuze iSabatha. Nokho, ogwini echibini kuze azikho izikhungo izivakashi. Indawo kungenzeka kuphela ezizimele Yashalta emzaneni noma esiqiwini guest house.

Inani labantu base-Kalmykia

Ngokusho Rosstat idatha-2015, abantu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalombili-nanhlanu abahlala ezweni. Ngo Census 2010, lesi sibalo kwaba 289 481. Lokhu ukwehla labantu kungenxa kufuduka yangaphakathi. Kodwa lokhu outflow yehlile ngenhla kwamadolo eminyakeni yamuva. Kalmykia kancane kancane alibe lisaba esifundeni ecindezelekile. Ikhumbula endaweni enkulu kungenziwa yahlulelwe insimu weRiphabhulikhi ukuthi ukuminyana sabantu incane: ezine abantu square kilometre. Izakhamizi akha amaphesenti angu-amane nanhlanu kuzo zonke izakhamizi zesifundazwe. Futhi uma khumbula ukuthi e-Republic of Kalmykia dolobha linabantu abantu 103.730, kuvela ukuthi kwabantu bakhona ngisho ezincane. Ngaphezu Elista, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu emadolobheni amabili - Lagan futhi Gorodovikovsk. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu 2010, ukwakheka yobuhlanga weRiphabhulikhi wukuthi iningi (57%) - Kalmyks, 33% - Russian, omunye 10% - bezinye izizwe.

iziphathimandla

Yabantu Khural weRiphabhulikhi usebenzisa imithetho neziqondiso. Kulesi ePhalamende kuhlanganisa amasekela amabili nesikhombisa. Hural lingamandla zomthetho. Isikhulu eliphakeme - Inhloko Republic. Yena uphokophele ngqongqotshe futhi yakha Government of Kalmykia. Iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa, wayebhekwa weRiphabhulikhi Kirsan Nikolaevich Ilyumzhinov. Lo muntu kuye kwenza abantu Kalmykia, Elista dolobha namanye amadolobha namadolobhana umzuzile zinhlobo European. Ngo-2010 it kule post, nguMongameli we Russian Federation V. Putina, esikhundleni Aleksey Maratovich Orlov.

History of the esifundeni

Kulula yini futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezibuhlungu. Ngenxa yalezi thina zazulazula emaqeleni zezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Cimmerians, Sarmatians futhi AmaSkithe Khazars, Huns, Cumans futhi Pechenegs kuphumelele nomunye, eshiya izindunduma nezinsalela ezihlaba wemizi yasendulo. Yilesi isizathu esenza ukuba isiko ngakho abaningi emaceleni we Kalmykia. Esikhathini XIII leminyaka, la mazwe beniyingxenye Golden zidlamlilo. Ngo Kalmykia, ngasinda izikhumbuzo engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili isiko kanye nomlando. Ezinhlanu kuzo zivikelwe WaseRussia. abantu Kalmyk, kanye YaseCrimea AmaTatar, waba isisulu sokuthunjwa izincwadi zokubaxosha. Stalin ngaphambilini abantu baxoshwa nemizana yayo. Izinkulungwane zabo ababuyelanga ekhaya. Lokhu Amakhasi nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu emlandweni wabantu Kalmyk elalinikezelwe ayisikhumbuzo "Eksodusi Buyisela", wenza u-Ernest engaziwa. Itshe lesikhumbuzo itholakala Elista.

isiko Modern kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa benkolo ephezulu ngaphakathi kweRiphabliki. Phela, Kalmyks - kuphela e-Europe, abantu Buddhist. Yonke indawo ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana khurul - ejwayelekile Lama izakhiwo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, le Kalmyks ayenqatshelwe ukuqhuba inkolo yabo. Kwakungekho thempeli asebenzayo futhi emidala kwabhujiswa. I uyasinda endala - emzaneni khurul Tsagan-Aman, ukujola kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

Ukuthola lapho

Kuthatha iningi izivakashi weRiphabhulikhi Kalmykia dolobha Elista. Umuzi ine eyodwa sezindiza. Kuthatha izindiza njalo kusukela eMoscow, laseStavropol, Rostov-on-Don futhi Mineralnye Vody. Izikhangibavakashi ngebhasi kusuka inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, nakuba le ndiza kuyoba eshibhile (ruble 1,800), kodwa kuthatha esingaphezu kosuku. Ukuze uthole Elista ngesitimela, kuzomele uqale uthole laseStavropol. Kufanele kube ukudluliswa nenye ingxenye ezihambayo kanye igatsha esiteshini "Iyamangalisa." Kusukela laseStavropol ukuze Elista, uchitha amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngendlela, uma ukhetha phansi zokuthutha. inkonzo Bus iphinde ihlanganise inhloko-dolobha Kalmykia nge Volgograd futhi Astrakhan.

Elista

Lo muzi ubizwa ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha Buddhist. It yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Inhloko-dolobha ye Kalmykia, Elista - edorobheni elincani. Lihlala abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ngakho-ke, umthande, ungathembela izinyawo zabo. Nakuba umuzi njalo sihamba ngebhasi, futhi isiminyaminya emzini. Elista ukunambitheka owuthanda izivakashi. Ikakhulukazi okuphawuleka ngokuchichima umthandazo stupas futhi Buddhist amathempeli. Kunconywa ukuba uvakashele Golden abode Sakyamuni. ethempelini yaseYurophu Buddhist ngobukhulu. Siqukethe Amazinga ayisikhombisa. esifanekisweni yakhe ihlobisa Omunye nambili-ezinolwazi, embozwe ngegolide leaf elinongwengwezi lwezilwanyana amadayimane yangempela. Ithempeli izinsalela ongcwele yakhiwa: ngokwesibonelo, izingubo uDalai XIV a. Lo mbhoshongo Seven Days efakwe eziyisithupha-foot umthandazo isigubhu Tantric Monastery eNdiya. It abashe ngamagama egolide okuningi izilimi mantra.

Yini ukuzama futhi yini ukuthenga

Ngo zokudla nezindawo zokudla Elista ngamanani ezifanele. I dinner isilinganiso abiza ruble ezintathu noma amane. Qiniseka lokuphuza ravioli "borigi" ethosiwe e amakhekhe kawoyela "bortsoki" isobho giblets, ovine netiye "Djombo".

Kumemori weRiphabhulikhi Kalmykia dolobha inikeza ezihlukahlukene eziyisikhumbuzo. Lokhu ikakhulukazi izingubo ezenziwe Ikamela uvolo kanye nemikhiqizo wazizwa - isibonelo, ibhokisi-yurt. Udinga ukuya endaweni ethile - Elista City Chess. Konke lapha sibekelwa chess. Futhi emgwaqweni omkhulu encane edolobheni - avenue okuthiwa Ostap Bender, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo ukuze schemer okukhulu. City Chess eyakhelwe Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, nowake waba yinhloko Kalmykia futhi kanyekanye uMongameli International Chess Association.