Izwe umqali: definition. izwe umqali emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba

Umqondo "izwe umqali" eziye zanyatheliswa kuyi ngamazwe emkhakheni wezomthetho kusukela kwaphela iMpi Yezwe II. Lapho kuba sobala ukuthi impi kwase kuzophela, le-Hitler anti abameleli sokusebenzisana emsebenzini ku ukudalwa izinhlangano kanye nosizo zomthetho ukuze uvimbele noma yikuphi lapho emhlabeni ukuvela lolu hlobo umphehli wodweshu. Nokho, naphezu Isentha ngamazwe umthetho, Ngokuqhubeka izibhelu kuhlonyiwe emhlabeni, kuhlanganise nalo iqhaza imibuso emikhulu njenge-United States.

Essentials yezokuphepha

IMpi Yezwe II yaphela ngo-September, nge yokubuyiswa eJapane, futhi kakade Okthoba 24, 1945 ngesikhathi kunesithangami sabezindaba e-San Francisco evunyiwe sisekelo we-United Nations, esasayinwa ngo-abameleli amahlanu uthi. Lo mbiko, ikakhulukazi, namandla ebekiwe oMkhandlu wezokuPhepha. UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha uma usongo itholwa kwenza izincomo noma uthatha izinqumo ekuxazululeni izinkinga futhi ayogada. Kuyinto ngezimiso eNhlangano yeziZwe okokuqala kwakukhona definition egcwele elithi "umqali izwe": ukuthi kuyini, iziphi izici zako ezisemqoka.

Charter abakhulu

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we bokuhlukanisa ubudlova ligxile lokushaya ahlomile ubukhosi, isithunzi sendawo futhi ukuzimela kwezombusazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo impendulo UN akuxhomekile ekutheni ilungu State ehlaselwa kwenhlangano noma cha. Umqulu futhi zaveza ngokuningiliziwe koMbuso lapho kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha nolaka. Izenzo zobudlova kukhona noma iyiphi ehlasela amandla, ukuhlaselwa, kanye nemiphumela yalezi zenzo ngesimo umsebenzi noma wadla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlu izenzo ezinjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yisiphi izikhali ngumuntu nokuvinjelwa izingalo, kanye ukuthumela amasosha ensimini ka Amasosha kabani khona kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha izenzo zobudlova.

ezizwakalayo

Charter UN sinika, nokuthi ubudlova ungakwazi neze isizathu esiphathekayo. Ikakhulukazi, lithi nokuthuthuka kwezombusazwe, ezomnotho, ezempi, nokunye ngeke bathethelele isinyathelo nolaka ngu kwelinye izwe ngomunye. Njengoba ukuziphatha okufana zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu ubugebengu, izwe umqali emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba ithathwa njengeselelesi. Ngakho, ikhomishini lezi zenzo zobugebengu akuhileli umthwalo. Futhi icacisa ukuthi nalwazi etholwe ngenxa yobudlova ukuthola ayikwazi obonwa emphakathini international futhi ukuthola ilungelo elingokomthetho.

ukuthula iyunithi

Ngokusho ososayensi abaningi bezwe bezombangazwe, izinqumo isakhiwo oda izwe ngamazwe kuthathwe ezihilela Melika. Kungaba neze kube isitatimende ngokuphelele, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi Charter UN siqanjwe futhi wamukela kwelinye emadolobheni aseMelika, kwenza ukuba sibheke le nkinga eduze kakhudlwana. Ngoba noma yisiphi ngxabano lempi ubudlova ngo-1949 kwaba ukudala Bloc ezempi nezombusazwe ka NATO, kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi NATO. Iyunithi zihlanganisa amanye amazwe 28: emazweni angaphezu nokuningi e-Europe, USA and Canada. Indlunkulu - Brussels (Belgium). Kusukela ngomhla ka-2010 ibutho elihlangene olunezinombolo abangaba yizigidi ezingu-3.8. Man.

Ubumbano lwezinhlangano, wadala ikakhulukazi ukulwa eSoviet Union nokuhlasela yayo ukubonakaliswa, emva ukunyamalala eSoviet Union bashintshele nesitha esisha, ogama lakhe - ubuphekula. Kwaba ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi yi wokulwa nobuphekula , NATO amazwe silwa Afghanistan, iYugoslavia futhi Libya. Kokugumbuqelwa imibuso kula mazwe ne Washington kuhambisa inikezwe njengoba yokukhululwa labantu abahlala lapho ekuhlushweni namabutho futhi umthamo kulezi izindawo wombuso weningi, okuyinto kungafinyelelwa kuphela igazi.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziqubulo basuke ezihlatshelelwa e umphakathi wezwe lonke, iningi uqonde ukuthi NATO ikhathalela izithakazelo ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali, okuyi-United States. Nokho, ukuba khona omunye amabutho anamandla kunawo wonke, "Izinkanyezi kanye Stripes" futhi bona ngempumelelo wakwazi "umjovo" umbuso wentsandvo yelinyenti nga izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba.

I-United States njengoba ekuholeni umqali global

Igama elithi "umqali izwe" ngomqondo wokuthi ekuqaleni wabeka phansi UN postulates ehlisa ngokucacile. Nakuba kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono, kwakungase kubonakale enziwe emkhosini okugcwele Melika njengezithombe insika eqinile emhlabeni jikelele, nilangazelela ukusiza ukuhlukumeza kancane kwamalungelo wobuntu, kodwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lizimelele ifomula: "I-United States - ezweni-umqali" .

Namuhla, abaningi vo, abaphendulayo kakhulu abaholi eliphelele amaMelika ngokuthi ezingeni sonya ngamazwe. Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu ukusola abezindaba ukuthi wenze i focus anda US "impi" emazweni aseBalkan, Middle East, Latin America, Afrika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazwe ezingaba ngempela abhubhise umhlaba, cishe ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha - isimo ku arsenal esesikhundleni izikhali zenuzi.

counterweight necessary

abahlaziyi bezombusazwe wabona Imiphumela umbono weningi poll bavame ukubheka isimo ngokuhlukile kancane. Ngokusho kwabo, kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kuyokwenzekani emhlabeni uma kungekho ubuholi ezinjalo - ngokucacile nangendlela esobala. Kulokhu, ngokungabi bikho okubeka obala hegemonic ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu ngekhulu kwaqina izingxabano zendawo umzabalazo ubuholi.

Lokhu kuholela nokuntengantenga okukhulu emhlabeni, umphumela okuyinto ngandlela-thile isiba babe munye ezinkulu ingxabano kanye nokwabela abantu indawo entsha ukuze izwe. Ngalo mqondo, uhlelo amasheke namabhalansi, lapho izwe abahlala, kobuholi isimo uqinisekisa ukuphepha iningi labantu emhlabeni.

ECrimea obumbi Ukrainian

Ekupheleni 2013 e-Ukraine isibe esiqine inhlekelele yezombangazwe zisashisa. Ababhikishi bangene Independence Square, befuna ukwesula uhulumeni wamanje. An nemiphumela engalindelekile zalezi zenzakalo kwaba nokudliwa eCrimea Sevastopol kuya Russian Federation ngo-Mashi 2014. Ngo-February, izakhamuzi abakhuluma isiRashiya eCrimea abhikisha emigwaqweni ekhononda bamiswa eKiev ngo nabasekeli Icebo lika Euromaidan. Guqula kwamandla kuleli zwe wamemezela ubuholi obusha Ukraine engumlanjwana wacela usizo ezivela eRussia. Khona-ke okokuqala lapho emangalelwa elaphonswa zonke eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe, ukuthi iRussia - lizwe umphehli wodweshu. Ezibiyele usolwa ngokunukubeza nokudliwa eCrimea, lokusho ibhekelela ngempoqo endaweni Russian ukuthi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, luhambisana nomthwalo wemfanelo.

Ukuze athobele izimfuno ngamazwe inhlolovo owawusedolobheni eCrimea, okuyinto ngokusemthethweni eyabizwa ngokuthi engumlanjwana kweziningi amazwe angaphansi kwe-European Union ne-United States. Ukraine ayiboni izenzo ubuholi Russian kanye ne-April 2014 isebangeni njengoba eCrimea athatha izwe labakwa-. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UN General Assembly ngasekupheleni March lathatha isinqumo owawuthi inhlolovo eCrimea kuwukwephula umthetho. It uvotela idokhumenti iningi ngokuphelele.

Ekupheleni kuka-January Ngokuhamba kwalo nyaka, ubuholi Ukrainian ngokomthetho eRussia njengoba umhlaseli maqondana layo ezindaweni eningizimu-asempumalanga.

Unswinyo njengoba zokukhwabanisa

izenzo waseRussia ziye zaholela inhlangano ukungavunyelwa kwabantu bakwamanye amazwe. Iqalwa-United States, lapho esongelwa isikhundla ukuthengisa umonakalo yayo amandla ezomnotho ngenxa European Union futhi eziphoqelelwe unswinyo kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe. Kwangena "Big Seven" nezinye abalingani. Unswinyo kuhlanganisiwe kokufika izikhathi ezimbalwa. Iphakethe lokuqala ezikhonjwe umnkantsha amafa kanye nokukhawula entry kulabo ubuntu, lapho West ukholelwa uMongameli eseduze uVladimir Putin. Phakathi kwalaba kwakukhona, ngokukhethekile, osomabhizinisi abazalwane Arkady futhi Boris Rotenberg. izinkampani Foreign emazweni ahlukahlukene aseqalile sikhipha wokubambisana ne Russia e eziningi Amasimu womsebenzi. Isimo "Russia - lizwe umqali" Ethukile eziningi, ngokulahlekelwa umlingani ebusweni Washington yayingazimisele ukwenza akekho.

ukuhumusha Russian sonya

Esikhathini ngokoqobo lwezijeziso futhi kontrsanktsy bathola incazelo entsha lonke igama elithi "izwe umphehli wodweshu." Bill ethula emkhakheni wezomthetho amaqiniso amasha yeRussia, ahlinzekwa amalungu ePhalamende kusukela "United Russia" futhi u-Anton Romanov, Evgeny Fedorov. Lesi sakamuva futhi umxhumanisi inhlangano "National Liberation Movement" kanye Sergey Katasonov, ilungu iqembu LDPR. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we sathunyelwa kuhulumeni ukuba ibhekisiswe Disemba 2014. Esikhathini incazelo mthetho, abalobi wagomela isidingo umthetho onjalo, futhi nokuziphatha ngobudlova lamazwe non-isebenziswano ukwethula yalahla iRussia kanye netakhamiti talo, kanye lomthetho abantu unswinyo.

Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi uhulumeni waseRussia uzobe amandla ukucacisa uhlelo uthi, okungase kusetshenziswe leli gama ukuze uvikele oda eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Isidingo umthethosivivinywa linqunywa nayisimo ukuvikeleka kwenarha, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kazwelonke kanye nokuvikelwa yayo. Phakathi yezinjongo eziyinhloko bezingelwa umthetho - kwakuzosuswa khona isiRashiya e yebhizinisi Consulting izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe.

Ikakhulukazi, amafemu ukuhlinzeka audit emkhakheni Consultancy, umthetho nabanye ondlu lizwe izwe umqali, ngeke avunyelwe ukuba bafeze imisebenzi yabo eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mthetho ovimbelayo Kufanele ungezelele abasemaqenjini izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe Russian. Ngokusho abalobi Bill, emakethe amasevisi Consulting kuyinto esinakho izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Ngokusho idatha yabo, 70% wemakethe, ogama inzuzo ngo-2013 kudlulwe bhiliyoni 90. Deda., Kungokwalabo ezifana abadlali ezinkulu ngokuthi iBritish Ernst & Young noma American Deloitte. Onjiniyela sebhili aveze ukuthi ngaphansi isimo ngamazwe yamanje, kungasilimaza kakhulu ukulondeka kwezomnotho njengenhlangano ehloliwe iningi amabhizinisi amasu Russian oluphethwe ezinkampanini zamazwe angaphandle.

Uhulumeni akakwamukeli

Naphezu ezibonakala ukuphuthuma ethula isimo wezepolitiki njengokufaka izwe umqali, uhulumeni waseRussia akazange ayisekele nendlela isinyathelo amasekela. Njengoba ulandela kusuka kube isiphelo sesimiso Sergei Prikhodko isignesha, inhloko-apharathasi uhulumeni, isimo "izwe umqali", incazelo ukuthi amnike abalobi yephrojekthi, kuphambene okuqukethwe, linamathele elithi "ubudlova" yi-UN General Assembly. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-incazelo kwazeke ukuthi izinhlinzeko zoMthetho wamaZinga umthethosivivinywa omusha akusho acabangele izici yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo kwamandla ePhalamende kanye yombuso emkhakheni ukuvikelwa kobukhosi Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule noveli ezihlongozwayo umthetho ngokuphambene kwemibandela yomthetho kwempahla.

ososayensi yezombangazwe amalungu ePhalamende are skeptical kakhulu kho kungenzeka ukuba bamukele umthetho onjalo, "izwe umqali" - igama, ukwethulwa okungase kuholele kwengxabano nakakhulu ingxabano.