Izwe eziphilayo e-Arctic Ocean (kafushane)

Izinto eziphilayo ezihlala e-Arctic, bayehluleka. sezulu esibandayo kakhulu, ice okuphakade, iqhwa ebusuku polar izinyanga 5-6 ngonyaka - izici eziyinhloko ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima esifundeni polar kanye ye-Arctic. Izwe eziphilayo e-Arctic Ocean kwamiswa Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezinzima. Ngezindlela eziningi ephezulu latitude simiso semvelo ezahlukene kusukela ezifundeni athokomele futhi ezishisayo Umhlaba Ocean (IO). Gqamisa futhi kafushane chaza lezi zici.

izimo zemvelo Harsh e-Arctic

Snow kanye frost inqobe ngenhla kwe-Arctic Circle, izwe organic uvuma lezi zici bemvelo. Ingcenye eqakathekileko yomsebenzi esifundeni arctic planethi matasa abandayo izikhala ngamanzi, eboshelwe eqhweni. Esikhathini emazweni ahlukahlukene ngokuhamba amagama alandelayo endaweni: Arctic, elimhlophe noma e-Arctic Ocean. Summer in the zindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu esifushane futhi cool, ebusika lide futhi ezinzima. Inzika uwela qwa, inani lawo incane - engaba ngu-200 ml.

Izwe eziphilayo e-Arctic Ocean - iyona izidalwa ezihlala phansi, ugu kanye iziqhingi eziningi ye-Arctic kwezilwandle. Kunezilwane eziningi ezinye izitshalo ezincane bazivumelanisa okushisa aphansi ku iqhwa. kanjani lezi zakhamuzi eziqinile bezwe esicindezelayo na? Izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala at zindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuvamile omhlophe.

Izwe eziphilayo e-Arctic Ocean (kafushane)

Zonke ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila ezansi ikhombisa benthos. Lokhu ulwelwe, ama-mollusk coelenterates, exhunywe substrate emashelufini kanye emthambekeni Continental, kukhasa ezinamagobolondo. Ulwelwe wabusa kelp futhi fucus. Izimbali isitshalo eelgrass itholakala White Sea. izilwane Benthic zinemisebenzi ephathelene kakhulu ezingenamgogodla (worms, izipanji, ulwandle anemones nezinkanyezi, clams, izinkalankala). Abakwazi ukumelana yonya abandayo futhi ekujuleni amnyama kolwandle.

Kubantu abacishe babe ngu-200 zama-phytoplankton, ezihlobene kakhulu diatoms.
flora kwaphela lolwandle futhi archipelagos eziningi emelelwa gymnosperms, eziqhakazayo futhi ulele. ngamaketanga Ukudla zihlanganisa zooplankton, ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle, izinhlanzi, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo. I last amaqembu amabili akha ugu iziqhingi, ukudla kwazo kaningi ezitholakala emanzini ukhululekile iqhwa. Ukuze izwe yezinyoni e-Arctic libhekene zinhlobo ukujula, futhi "rookeries" ezinomsindo ehlukahlukene emhlabeni eziphilayo e-Arctic Ocean.

Uhlu izilwane e-Arctic

Ezingenamgogodla: ikhayeni Jellyfish, Ophiuroidea "ikhanda Gorgon sika", clams kanye ezinamagobolondo.
Greenland Shark livelele yobukhulu enkulu izinhlanzi. Okunye abameleli nezilwane izinhlanzi: salmon, inhlanzi, i-cod, perch, flatfish (kuhlanganise Paltusova). Izinyoni: ptarmigan, guillemot, isikhova seqhwa, tern, ukhozi luhlasela.

ezincelisayo:

• imikhomo toothed (Beluga whale, Narwhal);
• seal (ihabhu, ezimthende, uphawu ringed, izimvu zamanzi hooded);
• walruses
• omhlophe noma polar bear;
• reindeer (caribou)
• impisi Arctic;
• must inkabi;
• hare arctic;
• lemming.

Eziguquliwe zezitshalo nezilwane e-Arctic

Izwe eziphilayo oLwandle i-Arctic ezihlukahlukene phytoplankton cishe njengoba ezindaweni eziseNyakatho Atlantic nePacific. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye ulwelwe ezincane ukugcina ikhono photosynthesize ngisho phezu eqhweni. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo elimhlophe embozwe ifilimu ogqamile ansundu kakhulu, njalo iqhwa liyancibilika ngokushesha. amanzi ngokulingene abandayo ocebile-oksijini yahlakazeka nitrogen, lapho ukwehlisa a engenhla ungqimba ukujula lenyukele micronutrients esindayo ezidingekayo phytoplankton. Lezi zici ukudala izimo ezivuna ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha eziphilayo ezincane.

A uhlobo isibonakaliso, uphawu zazo ukuqaphela emhlabeni eziphilayo e-Arctic Ocean - the polar bear. Lena enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi yasemhlabeni; Adult umzimba besilisa ifinyelela ubude 2-3 amamitha. It feeds ikakhulu izimvu zamanzi, inhlanzi. White Bear Arctic nezinye izilwane unekhono ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Zikhula kancane, kodwa ongafinyelela osayizi omkhulu futhi abadala. Ngokwesibonelo, tropical sea urchin akuvamile uhlala iminyaka engu-10, uhlobo polar angase aziphilele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60.

Isimo sezulu kancane ethambile ezilwandle wengxenye European ye-Arctic, ngakho izimila nezilwane bacebe. I enabantu abaningi iyona engajulile eshalofini ezwekazini. Kodwa on the lonke isitshalo nezwe organic ayiyinhle eziphilako. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko - ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima sezulu, singakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga nokushisa izitshalo, yokuntuleka kokudla izilwane.

Isifinyezo Arctic Ocean

Ingxenye aphansi futhi enomoya olwandle emhlabeni ithatha% 4 kuphela endaweni yayo ngokuphelele. I-Arctic Ocean amanga cishe maphakathi kwe-Arctic. Le ndawo umngcele umugqa okunemibandela - Arctic Circle (66 ° parallel w ..). I-Arctic kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela izikhala amanzi, kodwa futhi lesi siqhingi, ugu lwase amazwekazi. Imifula ye-Arctic Ocean - omunye kakhulu emhlabeni ogeleza egcwele. Iyangena Arctic kwezilwandle: i Yenisey, uLena, ob, Pechora, Yana, Kolyma, Indigirka. Nciphisa iBering Strait ehlukanisa amanzi polar zasePacific. Komngcele Atlantic ligijima yonke iNhlonhlo zaseScandinavia naseningizimu Greenland. On the indawo ye-Arctic iyona enyakatho isigxobo kwendawo.