Izitshalo ezimbili ze-scoop Kuznetsova: poryadovki. Izandla zikaZuznetsov

Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Kuznetsovki" kwavela kude nango-1962. U-Igor Kuznetsov - umsunguli wale mafomu, usebenza ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukiseni kuze kube yilolu suku. Njengamanje, kunezinhlelo ezingaba ngu-50, ezihlanganisa cishe lonke uhlaka lwama-ovens asekhaya. Ake sibheke ngokucophelela ukuthi izitsha zikaVynetsov ziphi. I-Poryadovki ethandwayo futhi idumile, ngakho isihloko sihambisana kakhulu.

Yini "Kuznetsovki" engcono kunabanye?

Abathengi bahlale bezibuza umbuzo: kungani kufanelekile ukuthenga kahle lo mkhiqizo, hhayi lowo oseduze. Umbuzo ongokwemvelo nowengqondo. Sibheka njalo amandla kanye nobuthakathaka bemikhiqizo ngaphambi kokuthenga, bese senza iziphetho ezifanele. Ngokuqondene nezitsha zikaVynetsov, zidumile ngokusebenza kwazo okusezingeni. Njengomthetho, sikhuluma ngezibalo ezifana no-80% noma ngaphezulu. Isibonelo, i-oda elijwayelekile le-4 kW lingashisa indlu ngendawo yamamitha ayi-square square. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-branded westernation kufanele abe namandla okungenani ama-10-12 kW. Ngendlela, ama-Kuznetsovki e-USA, eSweden, eCanada nakwamanye amazwe amaningi ajwayelekile. Kumele kubhekiswe ukuthi izitsha zikaVuznetsov (poryadovki) "zingu-omnivorous", okungukuthi, izinto zokushisa eziphansi ezingasetshenziswayo, isibonelo, sawdust, zingasetshenziswa njengamafutha. Kungenzeka futhi ukufaka imishini ehlinzeka ngamanzi ashisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici zokusebenza azihloli.

Isisekelo ngokuyinhloko

KwakunguZuznetsov oqale wasebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa okuzenzekelayo kweziteshi. Le ndlela inhle ngoba ukushiswa akufakiwe, ngakho-ke umbono ungagcinwa uvulekile. Uhlelo lwesimiso esinjalo alufani nje nokuhlukile kwalo, kodwa ngokulula kwalo. Uma ama-furnaces ane-complex f configuration configure ngokuvamile ane-60% esebenzayo, kanti u-Kuznetsovka u-80% noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimiso sokungena mahhala kwegesi kulandela lokhu. Yingakho imiyalo ivame ukufaniswa nama- reactor thermuclear reactors. Iqiniso liwukuthi amandla wegesi, ngokungafani nombono wegesi, awunqamuki ngesivunguvungu, kodwa ngokushesha uphahla isithando somlilo. Ngokwemvelo, ukushisa okukhishweyo kuya ekushiseni kwekamelo, noma ku-DHW, kuye ngezidingo.

Izitshalo ezimbili ze-Kuznetsov: i-oda kanye nezici zayo

Isimiso sokwakhiwa kwamafomu lapho kungenzeka khona ukuqaphela umthetho wokuhamba kwamahhala kagesi kuyaziwa isikhathi eside. Inketho evame kakhulu futhi eyaziwayo iyisithando somlilo osibili.

Umgomo womsebenzi wayo wukuthi umoya ovela emvelweni ufika emgodini womlotha esithandweni somlilo. Esigabeni sokuqala sokushisa, lapho izinhlaka ezilula kunazo zonke zokushisa zishiswa, le nqubo ifana ne-pyrolysis. Lemodi iyasebenza kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba Kuznetsov abambalwa kakhulu abantu basebenzise lezi zinzuzo. Kodwa imiyalo ine-design evumela ukuthi basebenze ngemodi ye-pyrolysis. Ngenxa yalokho, i-pyrolysis gases iyashisa phansi kwesigodlo sesithathu. Inqubo ngokwayo iyathakazelisa. Izici zalo ukuthi ukushisa kukuzilawula. Uma ilangabi likhululekile, le nsipho iyawohloka, futhi inqubo yokushisa ifinyelela phansi, uma ukushisa kungenele - ukukhuphuka kwenyuka, futhi inqubo yomswakama iyanda. Izindwangu ezimbili ze-Kuznetsov (i-poryadovka) zine-dome yesibili ukuze zingaphuli inqubo yokushisa. Ukushisa ku-hood yesibili, ngokusebenza kahle kwama-80%, kufinyelela kuma-degree angama-300-400, okwanele ukudlulisa ukushisa kumthwali wokushisa.

Ama-multi-glove tanks

Ngokuvamile, i- hood evamile iyenziwa imishini eminingi. I-cascade ngayinye iqukethe ama-hood amabili anevula kusukela phezulu. Ukuba khona kwamathambo amathathu kukuvumela ukuba ubize lesi sitofu umyalelo wokudala, ngoba kukhona ukugeleza kwamahhala kwamahhala. Cishe kunoma iyiphi i-furnace mode, imishini enjalo inekhono eliphakeme kakhulu, lifinyelela ku-97%. Kulokhu, uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe awusebenzi neze indima. Kungaba ngamafutha omlilo, amalahle nanoma yini enye.

Ngokuvamile inani lezinhlanzi eziningana lingaphumelela ku-90%. Noma kunjalo, kuncike ekutheni umbuso ovuthayo kanye nophethiloli osetshenzisiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi okuyinhloko kwalendlela ukuthi amafomu ayinzima kakhulu ukulondoloza. Ngokuvamile kunezinkinga ngesikhathi kuhlanzwa ama-caps kusuka kudiphozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cap yokuqala (enezinombolo eziningana) incane kakhulu, izinga lokushisa elingezansi lizobe lihlelwe ngama-degree angu-1500, ngenxa yalokho insimbi ayinakuyilinda, futhi isisindo sinani esingathembeki.

Yebo, sesivele sithole lokho okushiwo yi-Kuznetsov isithando somlilo. Kuvame ukwakhiwa ekhaya. Ake sibone ukuthi singayenza kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele siyibheke.

Izitsha zokushisa Kuznetsova: izandla zomuntu ezithandwa ngu-poryadovka

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nomsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukunquma umsebenzi oyinhloko wesithando somlilo. Ake sibheke imishini yokushisa evamile yomklamo olula. Ngingathanda ukuphawula ukuthi, kanye nendlu, kuyinto efiselekayo ukwakha izitsha zikaVuznetsov ngqo ngezandla zethu. Umyalelo ungabuye wakhiwe futhi uma isakhiwo sesivele simile - lokhu, okwamanje, akusifisi, kodwa kungenzeka.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungisa isisekelo. Kufanele kwenziwe ngekhonkrithi futhi ibe nobubanzi buka-10-15 cm ngaphezu kobukhulu besithando somlilo. Lena enye yemisebenzi enzima kakhulu okufanele uyenze, ngakho-ke kwezinye izimo kunengqondo ukubiza ochwepheshe. Isisekelo akufanele sihlotshaniswe nesisekelo sendlu, ungakhohlwa ngakho. Futhi, ukungabi khona kwayo akumukeleki, ngoba phansi akukwazi ukumelana nomthwalo ophezulu. Okulandelayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlomisa kahle umshini ophahleni lwendlu. Ukwenza le misebenzi kuyisifiso sokusizakala ngokuhleka kanye nezeluleko zabachwepheshe. Ake sibone ukuthi izitofu zikaZvnetsov zakhiwa kanjani. I-Poryadovki ekubulaweni kwayo elula kwenziwa ngokushelela futhi ngokushesha.

Izinto ezidingekayo

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinto eziphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi, izitini ezikhanyelayo. Kumele imelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukugqoka kwangaphakathi, izitini zomlilo zisetshenziswa. Inani lalo lizimisele ngokusho komdwebo. Ngokuvamile kukhona izakhiwo ezivela ezitini ezivamile, ezenziwa ukuze zigcinwe. Lokhu kuvunyelwe, noma kunjalo, ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwemikhumbi kunciphile. Ukubopha kwangaphandle, i-M150 - izitini zobumba kufanelekile.

Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kuka-100-130 kilograms zobumba. Kungcono ukuchitha imali encane futhi ukhokhe izinto zekhwalithi. Kulokhu, uma ugoqa, ubumba abukhiphi futhi luzosebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu. Uzobe udinga isihlabathi ngokuphindwe kabili njengobumba. Cishe izitini ezingu-500, kubalulekile ukwenza ingxube yobumba nesihlabathi emkhathini wezingu-cubic metres ayi-0.2.

Ihlala kuphela izesekeli zensimbi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-bolt, izingongolo zensimbi, i-grate neminyango emibili. Manje, manje sizocabangela indlela okwenziwa ngayo i-avni Kuznetsov yokupheka ukupheka .

Ubuningi nokuhlola

Uma usuvele unolwazi lokubeka izitofu, ngeke ube nezinkinga. Okuwukuphela kwento okufanelekile ukuyilalela yikhwalithi yesikhwama. Ukuze uthuthukise lesi sici, kubalulekile ukubeka ucingo kuwo wonke u-2-nd row of izitini. Ngokubeka i-canal kusuka kumzila wokuqala, kungcono ukubeka isitini se-1/4. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukwandisa ubude besithando somlilo kancane. Kule nkinga, ukwehla okuphezulu phakathi kwama-tiers kuhlelwe ku-17-18th tier.

Ngemuva kokuqotshwa kwempahla sekuphelile, linda isikhashana kuze kube yilapho isixazululo siguqukile. Khona-ke ungafaka iminyango neminye imikhiqizo yensimbi. Kuphela emva kwalokho baqhubekela phambili ekuthumeni kokuqala. Kulesi sigaba, kuhlolwe ukuthi isithando somlilo sisebenza kanjani. Babheka umqhafazo, ukuqina kwamagagasi, iminyango, njll. Ngokwemigomo, lokhu konke kungatshelwa ngendlela izitshalo zikaVaznetsov ezibekiwe ngayo. I-Poryadovki, eyenziwe ngezandla zomuntu siqu, ingaba namandla ahlukile.

Okunye okuphathelene nokuqashwa

Izitsha zikaVuznetsov zokugeza zivame ukukwenziwa. Ukuhleleka kwalesi sigqila akuvami ukuphakanyiswa ngezandla zomuntu siqu. Kubangelwa ukuklama okunzima kakhulu. Kodwa kuyazuzisa ukuqonda ukuthi isitofu esenziwe ngendlela efanele eyenza imisebenzi eminingi. Isibonelo, inikeza ukushisa kwamakamelo amaningana: igumbi lomusi, igumbi lokugqoka, igumbi lokuhlanza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilungiselela udoti, linikeza umoya wokuphuza amanzi futhi lushisa amanzi. Okumangalisa kakhulu, kodwa konke lokhu kubhekana nesitini esisodwa se-sauna Kuznetsova. Ukuhleleka cishe akusho ukuhlukana okuyisisekelo, kodwa ukunemba kokukhiqiza kubalulekile.

Isiphetho

Lapha sinawe futhi sihlolisise izitovu ezimbili nezitofu ze-hood Kuznetsova. I-Poryadovka, eyenziwe ngezandla zomuntu siqu, ayitholakali kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuvamile izitshalo ezinjalo zingabonakala emasendlini nasemadolobheni. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyizinto zokuhlobisa, njengoba zibulawa ngesimo somlilo.

Noma kunjalo, imishini yokushisa akufanele ishiywe ngaphandle kokunakekelwa. Ngokucabangela ukusebenza kwawo okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izitsha ezinenani eliphakeme, lesi yisisombululo esihle kunazo zonke ezindlini zezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukwakha isithando ngokwayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka. Ngakho awukwazi nje ukufudumala indlu yakho, kodwa futhi uthole ulwazi olubalulekile.

Yilokho konke okungakutshelwe ukuthi yini amavoloni kaVuznetsov adumile nokuthi abekwe kanjani. Imiyalo ihle futhi, ngokungangabazeki, izothandwa isikhathi eside.