Izitshalo eCrimea: incazelo kanye nezithombe

flora YaseCrimea kuyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene. Enhlonhlweni, zikhona 2500 zezitshalo zasendle. Lena sibalo umxhwele. Kufanele kuqashelwe, futhi ubunjalo izitshalo. Lapha kukhona 250 zinhlobo sendawo, isb. E. Izitshalo njengalezo ikuphi emhlabeni azikwazi ukuhlangabezwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eCrimea amumethe izinsalela - izitshalo eziye zalondolozwa ngaphandle ushintsho izigidi zeminyaka.

Mayelana nomlando

izitshalo eCrimea ngokwanele uphenyo. Kodwa kwakusazoba njalo elathola lolu daba kwezinhlobo ezintsha. A Isizathu salokhu ubunjalo nhlonhlo. Njengoba sesibonile, izitshalo YaseCrimea zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi yonke indawo kule nhlonhlo adjoin izitshalo ezizindeni ezingafani. Phakathi kwabo kukhona relicts futhi endemics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi izitshalo ahlobene kusukela ezifundeni ezahlukene kakhulu Sea: eCaucasus, aseBalkan, e-Asia Minor. Isenzakalo esifanayo ihlobene umlando eCrimea.

Phela, wadalwa eyisidalwa nhlonhlo esekusithekeni aphakeme, sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka eziningi izikhathi sahlanganyela, ke iyanqamula amabhuloho phansi ezweni oya ezwekazini (amazwe eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor, aseBalkan, eThafeni East European). Ngenxa izitshalo ziye zashintsha futhi eCrimea. Akufanele sibakhohlwe ukuthi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zezintaka zezinhlobo exotic zalethwa indoda izinkulungwane zeminyaka yomlando kuleli zwe. Kwenzeka kanjalo ukuba izitshalo kule nhlonhlo usezuze ukubukeka agqamile ezihlukahlukene ezifana.

Ushintsho izimila esishintshashintshayo

Esinye isici eCrimea ushintsho esicacile izimila kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu.

Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye nhlonhlo - kuyinto asemaqeleni elinamagquma. Okwamanje, abaningi kubo okuyizingane Sekuyisikhathi eside lishayisa, kodwa ngoba la mazwe baye balahlekelwa shape yabo yemvelo. ukubukeka Original agcinwayo kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho ayifanele ezolimo. Lokhu usawoti emaxhaphozini, gullies, izigodi emathafeni enamadwala.

Emkhakheni elaliphansi kwamagquma asemaqeleni ukuguqulelwa ihlathi. Kube kufanele, ngaphezu izitshalo asemaqeleni ezikhulayo zinhlobo ezifana zokhuni, oki ubuka, ipheya loholistaya, wavuka, hornbeam Oriental, nokunye. D.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuthi ngaseNtshonalanga ihlathi kancane kancane sithathelwe indawo oki, akha amaphesenti angu-60 abo bonke abantu emasimini ehlathini nhlonhlo. Ngo eCrimea, zingabantu kunalokho mncane futhi ukukhanya.

Nge-oak ubude amahlathi akhale beech. izihlahla engu-200-250 ubudala bazongena esitelekeni amandla abo futhi udangele ubuhle sasendulo. Kuyinto njalo belusizi kakhulu, akukho ngisho esinindolweni futhi utshani ikhava, kukhona kuphela ungqimba obukhulu amaqabunga awile. Njengoba lisendaweni ephakeme izinkulungwane kwamamitha beeches omkhulu onamandla esikhundleni somuthi, izihlahla efanele.

Phezulu ugodo enye iphakama flat ukuthi bahlukana maqembu ijulile kakhulu. Ngaphandle efana entabeni nedlelo asemaqeleni. Kulapha ingxenye yesine yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo sendawo, inhlonhlo ye-.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eduze kolwandle, kuba indawo ye-beech, uphayini zikaphayini amahlathi, esakhiwa uphayini YaseCrimea futhi Scots zikaphayini. Kukhona lapha oki, beech, hornbeam. Yemvelo zikaphayini amahlathi ngaphezulu liphinyiselwe elisogwini oluseningizimu ye, okuyinto akulona iqiniso yaseningizimu-esempumalanga.

South Beach

Ngaphezu kwalokho eningizimu kuqala ibhande shiblyakovy ehlanganisa hornbeam, oki ubuka, umjunipha, sitrobheli isihlahla, ephistakhiyo, nezinye izitshalo eziningi nesomiso ukumelana. Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo eningizimu-mpumalanga esomile kakhulu ngoba shiblyak kakhulu kakhulu ezingavamile.

Futhi lapha oGwini oluseNingizimu abasakwazi obukhulu. Ngokuvamile, izimila coast Southern eduze Mediterranean, kodwa indoda eyayiyithanda kakhulu akushintshanga kangako. Amaningi ala masimu elalihlala zokungcebeleka, amasimu ezithelo, izivini, umgwaqo. Futhi esandleni somuntu Kumiswa amapaki ezinde kakhulu, ezingase ezimila zilwane nhlonhlo amazwe. Cabanga ukuthi izitshalo eziningi ngasogwini Southern eCrimea abaye baphila lapha iminyaka engu-200. Okwamanje, bonke amapaki babé yinto iyingxenye ebalulekile Luhambo ne-South Coast. Phakathi kwabo kukhona odumile Alupkinsky, Foros, Livadia, Massandra, Gurzuf amapaki. Futhi yilokho kuphela eningenzelwa sikufanele konke abadumile Nikita Botanical Garden, equkethe hhayi kuphela isitshalo eCrimea (zithombe kuboniswe esihlokweni), kodwa futhi eziningi amazwe zilwane ezingavamile.

Mangisho ukuthi amapaki ngokwabo babe eside ezihlangene siluhlaza yemvelo amahlozi futsi kwenta ebumbene.

eCrimea izinqolobane

izitshalo eCrimea esiqashwe imithetho. Enhlonhlweni wadala ngokuphelele entsha reserve nesithupha izinqolobane ezine. Ngaphansi kwesivikelo futhi izikhumbuzo zemvelo, alondoloza zemvelo, amapaki evikelwe.

Eduze Nikitsky ingadi Botanical kuyinto inqolobane "Cape uMarian." Futhi enhlonhlweni iyona Yalta Reserve, Karadag Nature Reserve, lapho izitshalo ezingavamile ziqoqwa eCrimea. Lena ingxenye encane nje kuphela ezindaweni ezivikelekile kule ndawo. Bonke ahlukile futhi ezithakazelisayo ngendlela yalo, ngaphambi kokuba isitho ngasinye kuba inkinga yayo kulondolozwe relict nezitshalo sekuphenduke umkhuba. Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukunikeza incazelo abanye babo.

beech

Beech - beech kuyinto uhlobo lwe omndeni. Ngo eCrimea ikhula izinhlobo ezimbili: abavamile futhi mpumalanga. Bobabili babe ukubukeka Regal futhi ingafeza lukhulu umhlabathi namanzi kwemvelo. Ukuhlala izinkuni kweminyaka engu-250 liya ku-350. It blooms okokuqala eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-30, futhi mhlawumbe eminyakeni engu-60 noma engu-80. Izimbali ngo-Ephreli, ngokuvula ngesikhathi esisodwa ngisebenzisa amapheshana. Autumn isihlahla nuts ukuvela. Zidla on amaprotheni, izinyamazane, izingulube, izinyamazane. eyigugu kakhulu iyona uwoyela beech, akusiyo wawungaphansi izakhiwo ngomnqumo.

Nokho, bokhuni futhi ayikwazi ukukhuluma. Ngenxa impahla yayo ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukwenza imiphongolo iwayini ezibizayo, flooring, zomculo, yezikebhe. Esikhathini esidlule, izihlahla ezahlwitha waphakamisela eCrimea. Manje benza esinye avikelekile. Grove phezu Ai-Petri ngokuvamile endaweni ukulondolozwa.

Umuthi we-oki

Oak kungokwalabo umndeni beech. Sekukonke, zikhona emhlabeni 450 zinhlobo zalesi sitshalo. Amagxolo nezinkuni zalo muthi kakhulu baziswa. Ngo eCrimea, ngempela ezingavamile downy oki, okuyinto iyikhaya engaphezu kwenkulungwane edlule. Lokhu lapha isitshalo Kweminyaka iseduze Foros. girth lakhe - amamitha emihlanu nengxenye. A Bakhchisaray atholakala eduze kwesihlahla selilonke amamitha ayisishiyagalombili. Emuva ngo-1820 kukakhokho Grove sabekwa ku Nikitsky engadini, okuyinto kuchuma kuze kube yilolu suku. Ososayensi engadini sase sihlala oki itshe emhlabeni oluseNingizimu. Manje, lesi sitshalo Southern eCrimea.

sitrobheli isihlahla

Izimila nezilwane eCrimea zahlukahlukene ukuze akasoze ayeka ukuba mangaza. A South Beach - indawo eyingqayizivele, ucezu ezisondelene nazo, lapho kukhona izitshalo ekhetheke kakhulu lapho, isimiso, ayikwazanga ukumila kule ndawo, kodwa sibonga microclimate esiyingqayizivele adalwe izintaba, kahle bazizwe besekhaya lapha.

Enye yalezi izitshalo ISIHLAHLA sitrobheli. Kuyinto isihlahla esihlale siluhlaza, nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-amabili ezikhulayo eNyakatho neMelika futhi iMedithera. Ngo eCrimea, lesi sitshalo kutholakala elisogwini oluseningizimu ye kuphela. It khweza kulezi zindawo kusukela esikhathini ephakeme, ke manje kubhalwa eNcwadini Red. Umuthi ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayisithupha. It libhekene isiqu eyinkimbinkimbi elisontiwe ezimazombe imikhawulo amagatsha. On izithelo esihlahleni akhiwa, kufana kakhulu strawberry. Abasakwazi ezidliwayo. Ngenxa izitshalo kuba sengathi zokuhlobisa, zingabantu cultured emapaki, inhlonhlo ye-. Futhi eduze Gaspra has izihlahla ezimbalwa, ogama ubudala, ngokusho ososayensi, iseduze iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

amakhiwane

Amakhiwane futhi ngenye ngokuthi emkhiwaneni. Izwe lakubo - iMedithera. Mangisho ukuthi esimila siluhlaza, it has ezingaphezu kuka-800 zezinhlanzi. Ukuze umuntu ka ukubaluleka ezikhethekile izithelo. Badla ezintsha, ezomisiwe okuphekiwe kuzo ujamu. Ngokuvamile kuba isitshalo endala kakhulu emhlabeni, Simila kusukela kudala. Nokho, njengoba ngokunembile futhi alwaziwa nini futhi ubani ke wakhululwa kulesi sihlahla ku enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. Okwamanje, Nikitsky engadini abadumile has 300 zama-amakhiwane. Umuthi has uhlelo strong impande. Ajwayelekile kithi izimbali phezu kwesihlahla lapho. Kepha izithelo kunikezwa izikhwama nge imbewu ngaphakathi.

Cupressus sempervirens

Lena coniferous isihlahla esihlale siluhlaza. Ngo eCrimea yawa waseGrisi. Acclimate lapha ezikhathini zasendulo. Kodwa ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba wathola ekhulwini le-18, lapho izitshalo eziningi kwalethwa kuma-oda Potemkin sika. Evergreen bekwazi ukuqaphela isihlahla has simise pyramidal. izinaliti zayo zithambile kakhulu uma uyithinta. Izigaxa mancane futhi abe round ukuma, efana nebhola lezinyawo. imbewu Cypress kukhona ukudla izinyoni eziningi: Dubonosov, Iziqophamithi, izintaka, robins. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhuni waziwa ngokuphulukisa yayo izakhiwo.

AmaGreki asendulo waphawula nethonya elihle nomsayipuresi abantu yamaphaphu onesifo. ososayensi Modern baye bafakazela ukuthi uwoyela ebalulekile kwesihlahla nethonya eqinile amagciwane, okuyinto uyakwazi ukucindezela Staphylococcus, Koch Wand nezinye amagciwane. Ngenhloso zokwelapha, kusetshenziswa futhi isihlahla efihlekile. Izinkuni okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kuba amelana ukubola futhi ukunambitheka emangalisayo. Wakuqaphela kusukela kudala.

orchid

Ama-orchid kuvamile kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ukuze lolu hlobo bungobabo bonke spice vanilla eyaziwa futhi ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo kwanda zokugcina. Ngo eCrimea zikhona 39 zezitshalo, 20 zazo ingatholakala balaclava. Ngokusho ababikezeli bezulu, siyindawo wawushisa kunayo yonke eyaziwayo lonke oluseNingizimu. Lize Entela okubhekiselwe kubo ngelithi "YaseCrimea Afrika." It is ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izitshalo eziningi sendawo zitholakala lapha.

IRed Incwadi eCrimea. Izitshalo azifaka kuwo

ECrimea - iyindawo esiyingqayizivele owanikhipha ndawonye ingcebo eningi ngempela yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Noma yimuphi izivakashi owaqala wavakashela kule nhlonhlo, asiyeki zibabaza ubuhle baso futhi izitshalo emangalisayo. Futhi kukhona ngempela, yiziphi ukubona, yini isigqoko. kufanele Kungani kuphela ukuthabela umlando onothileko yalesi sifunda.

Uma sikhuluma izitshalo eyingqayizivele yale nhlonhlo, futhi abaningi babo bangabantu ngaphansi kwesivikelo nokubhekakade ohlwini ezisengcupheni. izitshalo YaseCrimea, njengoba kuchazwe esihlokweni asilethanga Ziyathakazelisa futhi libanakekele enemininingwane kakhulu. Sifisa nazi ukuba zihlale labo izinhlobo ngesizathu esisodwa noma kwenye isinqotshiwe kakade ku Encwadi Red. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange ezingaphezu kuka 250. Nazi ezinye zazo:

1. Horsetail emfuleni.
2. Kostenets nenhle.
3. Kostentsi North.
4. Juniper deltoid.
5. Maple Steven.
6. Ira nenhle.
7. Dubravnaya cuff.
8. Anyanisi obomvu.
9. klinolistny Hawthorn.
10. Salvia pratensis.
11. Dandelion eCrimea.
12. Tulip Bibirshteyna.
13. Amagilebhisi ihlathi.
14. Kamke Sea.
15. Cystoseira darnel.

Ngokuvamile encwadini kuhlanganisa: hvoschovye, gymnosperms, angiosperms wona kanye ulwelwe. Uhlu sikunikeze kuphela izitshalo ambalwa eCrimea. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa nohlu lwezinkanyezi ebanzi.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

ECrimea - indawo eyingqayizivele ngokuphelele futhi emangalisayo. Ngaphezu ubuhle ongavamile, ithinta ingcebo flora. Emhlabeni, mhlawumbe kukhona hhayi ezindaweni eziningi ezingaba ngizibonge ngcebo semvelo sezimila zilwane, amazwe kusuka kwezinye izifunda futhi sizijwayeze indawo entsha.