Ulimi lanoma isiphi isizwe indesheni - kuyinto ephilayo, elokhu ivela, olusha futhi has imithetho yayo siqu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu uyazi le mithetho noma cha, yakhe yokukhuluma (ebhalwe futhi temlomo) kungaphansi kubo. Kulokhu, ngaphansi imithetho ezingeguquleke kwakusho ukuthi isipelingi noma izimpawu zokuloba, kanye nenhlangano kolimi, ngendlela umuntu ekhetha indlela eveza imicabango yakhe. Ngo isiRashiya kukhona uhlobo ezintathu kuphela obusebenzayo-semantic yokukhuluma: incazelo elandisayo yale agumenti.
izinhlobo yokukhuluma
Abantu musa ngisho nokuthi elithile phakathi nengxoxo, kuye ngokuthi injongo izitatimende yabo, etha, uchaze noma baphikise. Nakuba iningi futhi ngeke bakwazi ukuchaza, isibonelo, ukuthi i-eseyi lelandzisako ezinjalo. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo nkulumo izimpawu nobuntu ukwazi lapho kuyadingeka ikakhulu nangabe ubhala ematheksthi kanye nezincwadi. Lokhu kuyokusiza ukuba ulungise, kufinyeleleke futhi ngokunengqondo baveze abakucabangayo, kanye lula ukuqonda abanye. Ngosizo incazelo ngamagama kuvezwa umuntu, into noma mkhuba. Can uchaze lutho, kubalulekile ukuba embule izici eziyinhloko ezingase ufunde noma ulalele ekhanyayo, ivolumu, futhi simele ngokuqondile isithombe. Uma incazelo lutho umuntu wathi ngobudala yakhe, ukuphakama, izinwele umbala, kodwa wayala kuphela ukumamatheka namehlo ke ngeke kuchazwe lombhalo, futhi akunakwenzeka umbhali uyothwala umfundi icebo lakhe. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi, lapho zichaza ekamelweni, kubalulekile ukubonisa ububanzi nobunjalo isikhala, hhayi uma sibala izihlalo ezimbili ubudala. Ngosizo ukucabanga kuchaza uhlaka futhi waqinisekisa umbono ocacile. Lolu hlobo lwenkulumo ngezithako zawo: kuqala, mqondo (efakazela noma iyawuphikisa), khona-ke phikisana izibonelo, futhi uphetha embikweni. Uma ungenalo ukulandela lolu hlelo, bese i-agumenti ngeke liphuke ku ahlukene imisho disjointed. Lokho indaba, asikhulume imininingwane.
Hhayi nje iqoqo iziphakamiso
Etha - lishoni ukubika mayelana ezinye umcimbi, ogcina isikhathi ukulandelana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isinyathelo indaba kufanele ulandele enye ngemva kwenye, futhi eyibhalela - athobele uhlelo: uthayi (njengoba kwenzeka waqala), ukuthuthukiswa (njengenhlangano kwenzeka) nesizungu (umcimbi usuphelile). Can etha ovela wesithathu (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulandisa kombhali) kanye lokuqala umuntu (ngalesi embhalweni kubonisa isabizwana "Mina"). Ngo ezinganekwane ezingokwesayensi ngokuvamile iningi lokuqala umuntu lelandzisako atholakala imisebenzi ngokuphila kwakhe. Ukuze ekutadisheni amasu lelandzisako e ematheksthi etemibhalo khona narratology - igatsha wesayensi study inqubo elandisayo yale abalobi, kanye yokuthi ingxoxo ezifana ukubonakaliswa bokubeka ngokoqobo.
izici lelandzisako
Kunoma yikuphi umbhalo lelandzisako ekutshela iyiphi indaba. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emcimbini kufanele ulandele enye ngemva kwenye, ngesikhathi isethulo yobuntu bazo, zingase ezazijikeleziswa, njengasezulwini indaba esidlule lingachazwa noma oluqukethwe isibikezelo esizayo. Zonke lezi zindlela ingangqubuzani uhlobo lelandzisako, basuke bakhangwa ngumlobi ukunweba isithombe okwenzekayo futhi nokuqonda okujulile ngakho. Lokho umcimbi kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, umlobi lingachazwa ukuze umfundi bazi futhi uqonde hhayi nje kuphela amaqiniso ngalesi sikhathi, futhi yonke impilo umkhiqizo namaqhawe, yonke imicimbi yayo enkulu e kulandzelana lokufanele. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndaba kuhilela isikhathi, okuyinto kudala ukunyakaza bese ubeka isigqi lelandzisako, isibonelo: yesehlakalo, phumula, ellipsis, isifinyezo.