India: "Veda"

Kwabe sekuqala inkathi entsha e umlando India kuphawulwa ukubukeka imithombo etemibhalo. Chief phakathi kwazo izincwadi zenkolo, eyaziwa kithi ngaphansi isambulela elithi "Veda '(ngokwezwi nezwi," ulwazi "); e isayensi yanamuhla ubizwa ngokuthi lisebuningini - Vedas, ngoba inezingxenye ezihlukene, ezahlukene imvelo kanye nokuqukethwe. Ngu isihloko liwumthombo oyinhloko lonke isikhathi (ukusuka maphakathi maphakathi no-II Kweminyaka BC. E.) Ingabe uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amaVeda".

Ngokwe-Vedas, ebugqilini India kwakuyinsakavukela. Igama elithi "das" ( "nceku") ekuqaleni esasisho "isitha", "ongaziwa"; Lokhu kuboniswa iqiniso lokuthi wakhonza eNdiya njengomshumayeli kwamanye amazwe lasendulo, kuqala ugqilazwa amandla abantu bezinye izizwe. Manje sihlangana samoprodazha, ukuthengisa izingane zabo kubazali babo. Izithunjwa la macala ungazange esatholakele. Phakathi kwezigqila, ngokusobala abusa abesifazane.

Zonke labantu nerabskoe waba yizigaba ezine (Varna), eyayinecilongo nobunjalo lombhalo; okuqondene Varna ukuthi ngofuzo, ngamunye wabo babeyoba nendawo elithile emphakathini elihambisana degree of izikhulu zalo, namalungelo nezibopho zayo. Eyokuqala castes bobathathu kwakungamadodana amadala; nesenzakalo yabo lihlotshaniswa vnutriplemen nym babhekane nezinga elikhulu kwezenhlalo kanye ekuthatheni tribal emizimbeni sokudlondlobala nokuphatha. Varna ayebhekwa Brahmins eliphakeme okuqondene lezinceku ikhefu sabapristi abangamakhosi. Lesibili okubaliwe okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi Kshatriya Varna - izikhulu lempi (asebukhosini, izinduna, zamasosha nokunye.). Okwesithathu Varna - vaisyas - kwaba zindlani ngobuningi, owawungumnyaka main umsebenzi yokukhiqiza ukusebenza; Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-eziyisisekelo zikhokhe intela Varna. Amalungu Vari bobathathu kwakungamadodana ebuntwaneni lokukhula ndima, okuyinto ayebhekwa lokuzalwa yesibili, futhi kungani ayebizwa ngokuthi "kabili owazalelwa".

India: "Veda"

Bakhandwa umelana yesine Varna - Sudra, ongeyena lokukhula ndima yokuzalwa yesibili, futhi ngenxa yalokho libizwa ngokuthi "odnazh-dyrozhdennymi". Lawa kwakungamadodana ikakhulukazi esingabazi, ezithathwe emphakathini, kodwa amalungelo alinganayo ezweni, iqhaza pas e ukuphathwa lenkolo Aryan akuzange wathola. ikusasa labo kwaba ukusebenza imisebenzi asizayo - inkonzo futhi umsebenzi, izikebhe professional, nazo kubhekwe non-ehlonishwayo njengoba umsebenzi awukapheli, kodwa ngakolunye. Varna ubulungu ayikwazi ukushintshwa ngokuthanda kwabo. Ngamunye kwakufanele ukulandela matasa kuphela lombhalo yabo. Ralegh ilungu lombhalo eliphakeme, i-noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu waphoqeleka ukuba ulandele amakilasi aphansi, khona-ke nenzalo yakhe ngilahlekelwe Varna yakhe. Amalungu castes ezahlukene ayengasoze angene emshadweni, ikakhulukazi indoda letincane lombhalo owesifazane kusuka lombhalo ephakeme.

Lonke ngokuphila Indian - umsebenzi, imithwalo yemfanelo yomkhaya ubuhlobo nesimo nezinye amalungu omphakathi, ekwenzeni imisebenzi yenkolo futhi imithetho eminyaka ubudala yokuziphatha ekuphileni kwansuku zonke - iqeda ezilungisiwe ngokuvumelana lombhalo wakhe. yokuphila umthetho njengoba iqoqo ingcwelisiwe inkolo kwezinkambiso bendabuko yokuziphatha libizwa dharma. Ukubulawa dharma Indian of lombhalo wakhe sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi umthwalo wakhe oyinhloko.

India: "Veda"