Izinkomazi zohlobo lwe-black Motley, zizalela yabo, umkhiqizo

inkomo Black nomhlophe iwela isigaba kwezilwane okumsulwa-ezifuywa futhi baningi phakathi kwabalimi. umkhiqizo High ubisi - izinga eyinhloko zohlobo. Kulesi sihloko sibheka izici zokuzalanisa futhi izinkomo ezimnyama-Motley.

Incazelo zezinto eziphilayo

Izinkomo-black Motley zohlobo isuselwe bewela eziningana Dutch izinhlobo. Izinkomo umbala omnyama Motley has a Imizimba omuhle, amathambo eqinile futhi likhulu kakhulu. Isiqu isilwane ezilinganiselwe, emuva ngqo, imilenze yokuqondisa ngqo. Isisindo esivamile inkomazi kuyinto 500-650 kg nenkomo - 950-1000 kg. Amankonyane kuvame ekhiqizwa ngongqimba ngu-40 kg. Animal inyama izinga lempilo elamukelekile. Ubisi - injongo eyinhloko okuyiwona ezifuywa inkomo omnyama nomhlophe. I ukukhiqiza kwalesi silwane kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho, isilinganiso ubisi isivuno inkomo ngayinye zingaba phakathi 4000 kuya 6500 kg ubisi. Inkomba kwayo okuqukethwe amanoni phezu 3.5%.

Black inkomo nezinala ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo ezahlukahlukene zezulu futhi ube nempilo enhle kakhulu. Ngenxa acclimatization okusheshayo, izilwane ezifana ingashintshwa emazweni ahlukahlukene kahle. Phakathi izinkomo yobisi ngenani ayenempahla ithathe indawo yesibili. Namuhla, ososayensi abasebenza ngcono izilwane black-Motley by yokuzalanisa zohlobo okumsulwa, kucatshangelwa izimo zezulu nezinezimo ezahlukene indawo. Ukuze uthuthukise Izakhiwo kanye kwandiswe umkhiqizo usebenzisa ngamaduna Dutch futhi Holstein-Friesian.

Umlando okuvela zohlobo

Inkomo omnyama nomhlophe zohlobo zathathwa phakathi kweSoviet Union. Ngakho, ngo-1930-1932 GG. ensimini eRussia evela ePoland, emazweni aseBaltic kanye eJalimane uwukhululile inqwaba izilwane abamnyama futhi ezimibalabala, okuyinto zafakwa ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, saqala ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuzalela izinkomo njengoba uhlobo okumsulwa noma wawela kanye nezinye izinhlobo, okuye igcinwe ngokwehlukile. Ngakho, ngenxa yomsebenzi yesikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo ezihluke kwezindlu, yokudla, zizalela kwakunokwenzeka baphethe uhlobo nonuniform wezinkomo, okuyinto ngo-1959 sivunyiwe ngaphansi kwegama "inkomo omnyama nomhlophe."

izinhlobo amatshe

Ngenxa yalokho yokuzalanisa zohlobo wakwazi ukuthola izinhlobo eziningana izinkomo ezimnyama-Motley ukuthi kukhona amanani angalingani ubisi isivuno, ubisi lokucuketfwe fat nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze izimo zezulu:

1. inkomo Black nomhlophe ezimaphakathi Russia - ezifuywa ngu ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa nge zohlobo Dutch Kholmogory futhi Yaroslavl. Izilwane zaloluhlobo zinzima mikhulu futhi ahlinzeke isivuno high ubisi (ngonyaka kuze kube 6000 kg), kodwa ziphansi ubisi lokucuketfwe fat - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-3.6%.
2. Black ne-White zohlobo Ural - ezakhiwe ukweqa Tagil sezinkomo East Frisians kanye kancane dwala aseBaltic. Lezi izinkomo kukhona ezingatheli (3700-5500 kg ubisi ngonyaka), kodwa ungcono kuzo uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ngokuya lokucuketfwe fat - 3.8-4%.
3. Inkomo ngombala omnyama nomhlophe eSiberia - zidalwe ngenxa cross-yokuzalanisa nge izinhlobo zendawo ostfzriskoy izinkomo laseSiberia. Lokhu izinkomo kangako base kancane esingaphansi izinhlobo yangaphambilini ye umkhiqizo. Ngakho, isilinganiso ubisi isivuno zokhahlamba kusuka 3500 kuya 5000 kg ubisi. Inkomba lokucuketfwe fat isilinganiso (kusuka 3.7 kuya 3.9%).

Izinkomo zizalela zone

Ngokuzalanisa omnyama nomhlophe zohlobo izinkomo ebonwe zonke izindawo eRussia. Inani elikhulu izinkomo zikhona ezindaweni enyakatho ntshonalanga yezwe, aseNtshonalanga Kapa kanye naseMpumalanga eSiberia, Urals, North-Caucasus naseMpumalanga Ekude. zohlobo Ikakhulukazi ethandwa eMoldova naseningizimu ye-Ukraine.

zizalela Izici

Kugcinwa futhi ezifanelekayo ukufuya izinkomo omnyama nomhlophe cishe iyafana nezinye izinhlobo izinkomo. Kodwa ngaphambi sithola izilwane ezifana kufanele kube nokwenzeka ukubala izindleko yesondlo yalo kanye inzuzo okuhleliwe. Black nomhlophe yobisi zohlobo izinkomo, uma unakekelwa kahle anganikeza imali enhle, kodwa kunalokho zidinga eziningi umzamo. Ngakho, izinkomo okuqukethwe siqukethe sebuningini izinqubo: zisengwa, ukudla wokuhlanza ezitebeleni, notshani, nenhlanga, njll ...

At dilution wezinkomo omnyama nomhlophe kubalulekile ukucabanga mayelana nendawo lapho kuyoba. Kufanele kube esomile, efudumele futhi ivulekile (okungenani 20m²). ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kudingeka yesondlo ebusika. Ngokuvamile Disemba inkomo ukhulelwe, kodwa waqhubeka ubisi. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda izinkomo abakhulelwe ngenxa ukukhiqizwa ubisi esindayo kuyinto ingaqiniseki okukhulu. Phakathi nale nkathi, isilwane esidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Ngakho, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkomo is kahle umoya, esibayeni elikhanyayo. Amazinga Igumbi kufanele kube ezifanele, isilwane akusho supercool. I enhle lokushisa - 5 kuya ku-12 ° C.

Lactation kanye zizosengwa

Izinkomo-black Motley zohlobo milked ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinkomo yobisi. Ngakho they epha isivuno esihle kuze kube 12-17 lactation, nakuba ngalesi sikhathi baba agcinwa ezimweni ezingajwayelekile. Inani eliphelele ubisi ingalungiswa phakathi 4 no-5 lactations.

A nomthelela omkhulu umkhiqizo kanye neqophelo eliphezulu lokunakekelwa babe khona isimo lapho uhlala a black-and-white inkomo zohlobo. Isivuno ubisi ingaba nkulu, uma wenza imithetho eyisisekelo okuqukethwe wezinkomo. Ngezinye othule nomnene handling inkomo iboshelwe kumnikazi kalula kahle amakhono yokuziphatha.

ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka e izinkomo ezingu-6, kodwa uma ngamaduna okwamanje. ukuvuthwa Economic at izinyanga 16 lapho isilwane isisindo bukhoma okungenani u-70% izinkomo omdala.

Izici yokudla

Abanikazi izinkomo ezimnyama-Motley Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu idinga okuphakelayo ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, unyaka isilwane kumele okungenani ibe 20 centners hay, ngaphezu, ugxilisa kanye feed amnandi. Kusukela inkomo amandla incike izinga ubisi kanye nobungako.

Ebusika esibayeni kumele ibekwe inyoni Element. Ngobukhulu ke kufanele ibe eyodwa bakhonze hay. Ikamelo futhi kudingeka nibeke emgqonyeni wamanzi inkhomo ziphuze nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uma amanzi esibayeni ebusika ayigongobali le Keg ingagcinwa njalo egcwele. Buyekeza ukuphuza efiselekayo okungenani kanye ngosuku, ngoba ne nomlomo sesilwane emanzini uthola ukudla okuningi, futhi ngokushesha uyaphuma. Uma ebusika e-thermometer esibayeni umnkantsha okushisa, amanzi kumele inikezwe njalo fresh.

Kuye ngobukhulu kanye nobudala umthamo ukudla ebusika kungenzeka ukuhluka. Ukuze zihlale zinokudla okwanele, kungcono ukulungiselela mayelana 30 centners utshani kanye ifolishi 55 c ifolishi amnandi. Lena isidlo esikhulu, okumele badle omnyama nomhlophe inkomo zohlobo. Ukondla aklaba Kunconywa 100 g ngalinye 1 ilitha ubisi olukhiqizwa. Uma semali ubisi, umthamo kungenziwa lenyuke.

Uma kukhona abasha, ebusika ukudla izinqolobane kufanele bube 15 centners of indawo futhi amnandi ifolishi 9 centners ikhanda ngalinye.

izinkinga ezingaba khona zohlobo okuqukethwe

Izinkomo zohlobo omnyama nomhlophe libhekene Ngiwumqemane futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu ubisi umkhiqizo. Kodwa ngisho izinkomo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngibekezele olungakhiqiza enganele ubisi isivuno. Futhi kungase kuhlotshaniswe hhayi kuphela ufuzo ezimbi, kodwa nangenduduzo iziphi izici zangaphandle. Ngakho, umkhiqizo izinkomo ehlaselwe izimo ezifana sikhathi sonyaka, ukudla okunomsoco, isimo sezulu, ubudala, isisindo bukhoma, isikhathi lokuphumula ngaphambi ngokuzala amankonyane. Futhi, izinkomo omnyama variegated zidinga yesondlo ngokucophelela kanye nokuqukethwe izinga. Ososayensi inhlolo-vo okwathi phakathi naleso amabili okufanayo umama Izinkomo wawugcinwa ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Elinye lawo lalise-eziningi atshalwe indlwana, kanye nezinye yayifakwa ndawo ebandayo. Endabeni wokuqala izinkomo selikhule okusezingeni eliphezulu umhlengikazi ngibekezele, ngenkathi yesibili - i inkomo abavamile.