Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo - ukungcola kwamanzi. Imithombo ukungcola kwamanzi. Inkinga yokungcola zomhlaba ocean amanzi

Amanzi - yilona mthombo eyigugu kakhulu zemvelo. Its indima - ingxenye ukuthatha in exchange of izinto, okuyinto ziyisisekelo noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphila. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukucabanga umsebenzi ezimbonini, amabhizinisi ezolimo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanzi, lubaluleke ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Amanzi ayingxenye ebalulekile zonke: abantu, izilwane, izitshalo. Kwamanye, kumane kuyinto engokwemvelo.

кологические проблемы (загрязнение воды в том числе), стали слишком острыми. Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo yizenzo zabantu, ukusetshenziswa engasimeme izinsiza kwaholela yokuthi izinkinga e NVIRONMENTAL (nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ikakhulukazi) babé ebukhali kakhulu. Yisinqumo sabo kufanele abe nobuntu kwasekuqaleni. Ososayensi kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke kuthiwa okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi bese uzama ukuthola isixazululo senkinga yomhlaba wonke ye ukuntuleka kwamanzi.

Imithombo nokungcoliswa kwamanzi

Izimbangela ukungcola baningi, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi iphutha isici womuntu. Izinhlekelele zemvelo nabo bangalimaza amanzi ahlanzekile, abephula ukuzinza kwemvelo.

Imithombo ezivame kakhulu ukungcola kwamanzi yilezi:

• emanti langcolile ezimbonini nasemizini. uhlelo Uncleaned eyingozi ikhemikhali, bathola ichibi, kuvuse yenhlekelele yemvelo.

• nemvula ene-asidi. Kuyinto evamile, noma akuvamile ukukhuluma ngakho. Zonke izimboni imfucuza amagesi imoto qeda, kanye emkhathini, phinda nemvula emuva emhlabathini, machibi.

• Solid imfucuza udoti. Hhayi nje nilingcolise emfuleni, kodwa ngisho ukushintsha inkambo ukugeleza, okwenza kube nzima ngayo. izikhukhula olungenzeka emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi.

• ukungcola Organic. noqhekeko yabo yemvelo (befa off phakathi kwezitshalo, izilwane).

• izinhlekelele Okwenziwe umuntu. izingozi Industrial.

• Ukushisa, emisebeni ukusilaphazeka.

• Mudflows, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze.

Umthelela nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ku eziphilayo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyini isizathu, ukungcola kwamanzi kubangela umonakalo ebalulekile. Ngemva ukuxhumana contaminant endaweni eziphilayo icuphe yokusabela ukuzivikela. ubuthi athile neutralized amasosha omzimba, kodwa ezimweni eziningi akunjalo yini ukuyikhulisa kahle. Kudinga ukwelashwa kanye ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo ezinqala. Kuye imithombo ososayensi ukungcola ukunquma ukusebenza ubuthi ezifana:

Genotoxicity. Ukuchayeka ezisansimbi ezinamandla nezinye izakhi mkhondo enobungozi Ungashintsha noma kulimaze isakhiwo DNA. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa umzimba, zikhona izinkinga ezingathi sína ukuthuthukisa izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Carcinogenicity. izinkinga Oncological zivame ezihlobene izinga amanzi sidla. Ingozi iba ukuthi kungenzeka ushintsho ku-amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Neurotoxicity. izakhi zamakhemikhali kungathinta isimiso sezinzwa. Kwemoya zomhlaba ocean amanzi izinsimbi ezisindayo kuholela umcimbi fortuitous. Wonke umuntu oye wezwa kuBaba futhi mayelana ukukhululwa kwe-imikhomo ephuma emanzini. ukuziphatha Isilwane ingafaneleki. Kwezinye izimo, baze baqala ukushwabadela labo ababesohlangothini ngokuthula Bahlala nabo.

Ukuphazamiseka amandla exchange. Ezingcolisayo ezithinta mitochondria kuholela yokuthi amandla emzimbeni nje uyayeka ukukhiqiza. Umzimba ayisavumelekile, ngisho nokufa kwenzeka.

ukuhluleka ezalayo. Uma nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ukufa eziphilayo okungeke njalo, ukwephulwa onekhono zokuzala iza 100% we amacala. Kuqondane ukuthi ukuze kutholakale inkinga yofuzo, kubalulekile ukuba ubuyekeze yokufakelwa imvelo yasemanzini.

Izifo ezibangwa amanzi angcolile

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo, amanzi ukungcola ziholela ekusakazekeni kwezindaba izifo ezimbi kakhulu. Kungenxa nalesi uketshezi emzimbeni ungathola ezihlukahlukene Amagciwane kanye eziphilayo pathogenic, ethwele amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu. Lesi sifo ezivamile okuletha amanzi angcolile, yilesi:

• ikholera;

• umkhuhlane;

• giardiasis;

• enterovirus;

• amebiasis;

• schistosomiasis;

• kwezinso sengqondo;

• kolwelwesi;

• kombungu esizalweni;

• ukusha ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila;

• Oncology;

• umonakalo uhlelo zokuzala.

, профилактикой будет являться использование фильтрованной, бутилированной воды. Kungakhathaliseki izimbangela ukungcola kwamanzi, zokuvimbela kungaba ukusebenzisa elicwengekileyo, amanzi asemabhodleleni. Abanye baba ku izinto amanzi esiliva, banalo magciwane umphumela othile.

Water Treatment Control

Njengoba siqaphela ukuthi izinkinga zemvelo kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngokukhethekile ukuletha usongo esintwini, ezingeni likazwelonke kanye international kuyizinto izidingo yokuziphatha kwesintu nemisebenzi wamabhizinisi. iziqondiso athuthukisiwe ukusebenza ukwelashwa izinhlelo:

Primary noma mechanical. Umsebenzi main - ungaphuthelwa izinto umzimba ngamanzi emikhulu. On namadreni efakwe uyephuza ngehele izihlungi. Zidinga ukwelashwa kwabo ngesikhathi esifanele, kungenjalo imigqa eyamukela avimbekile kungadala ingozi.

Akhethekile. Ukuthunjwa AbaseNyakatho uhlobo oluthile ukungcola. Zikhona, isibonelo, onoxhaka ukuze basuse izisihla uwoyela, amafutha, ishq, basuke imali nge ukusetshenziswa coagulants.

Chemical. Lolu hlelo kusho ukuthi amanzi anokungcola ukuthi kusetshenziswe evaliwe (okuphindaphindiwe) iluphu. Ngesikhathi ophumayo ketshezi esetshenziswa, okuyinto ubuyela ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni. Lokhu amanzi inqubo.

ukwelashwa oluphezulu. Amanzi ziphathwe powder, izakhiwo ezikhethekile, multistage elicwengekileyo, ukubulala izinambuzane futhi wabhubhisa nezinye izinto. Isetshenziselwa izidingo abendlu izakhamuzi, kanye embonini yezokudla, ezolimo.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo - ukungcoliswa kwamanzi

Imithombo main engcolisa izilwandle zifaka izimo enemisebe:

• ukuhlolelwa kwezikhali zenuzi;

• ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe;

• izingozi ezinkulu (imikhumbi Kuneziteshi zamandla enuzi, eChernobyl);

• yokungcwaba phansi olwandle, nasemachibini, imfucumfucu enemisebe.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, kuhlanganise ngqo okuhlobene ukungcola ka Radioactive Ukusingathwa kwendle. Ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo French kanye British yenuzi itheleleke cishe lonke eNyakatho ye-Atlantic. Izwe lethu isibe imbangela yokungcola ye-Arctic Ocean. Three ophendulayo komhlaba ngezikhali zenuzi, kanye Krasnoyarsk-26 ngithuka emfuleni ngobukhulu Yenisei. Kusobala ukuthi imikhiqizo enemisebe awela ulwandle.

Nokungcoliswa kwamanzi radionuclides emhlabeni

inkinga olunamandla ukungcolisa amanzi olwandle. Kafushane, beka radionuclides eziyingozi kakhulu ukuthi angena kuwo: cesium-137; cerium-144; Sesithombe-90; Niobium-95; Yttrium-91. Bonke babe bioaccumulation ikhono eliphezulu, idlule eziwukudla futhi sigxile e eziphilayo zasolwandle. Lokhu kwakha ingozi kubantu futhi izilwane zasemanzini.

Amanzi wezilwandle Arctic kunazo wadalula ukuthi imithombo ehlukahlukene radionuclides. Abantu ngobudedengu elahliwe imfucuza enobungozi olwandle, ngaleyo ndlela turning kube umuntu ofile. Cishe Indoda ukhohlwe ukuthi ulwandle - ke iyona umcebo eziyinhloko zezwe. Anakho imithombo yamandla begazi nokumbiwa. Futhi uma sifuna ukusinda, kubalulekile ukuba sithathe izinyathelo esiphuthumayo ukuze ngiwusindise.

Izindlela solution

Rational amanzi ukusetshenziswa, isivikelo ukungcola - umsebenzi oyinhloko isintu. Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo yokungcola amanzi phambili yokuthi okokuqala, ukunakwa okukhulu okufanele ikhokhwe ukukhululwa imithi enobungozi emfuleni. Ngo isikali zezimboni kudingeka ngcono ezobuchwepheshe yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. ERussia kubalulekile ukwethula umthetho ukuthi singase sinyuse icala ngenxa yokugobhoza. Ukuqhutshwa kufanele iqondiswe elibhekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamasevisi kanye nokwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe obusha kwemvelo. Ukuze izindleko aphansi kute kuncishiswe kwekhabhoni, isebenze njengofakazi yisisusa ukuze kulondolozwe izimo enempilo semvelo.

A indima enkulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga zemvelo udlala bekhulisa esizukulwaneni esisha. Kusukela esemncane kubalulekile ukufundisa izingane ukuhlonipha nothando imvelo. Ukugcizelela kubo ukuthi Earth - indlu yethu enkulu, ne ngokulandelana umuntu ngamunye unomthwalo. Amanzi kumele avikelwe, hhayi wawathela engacabanganga, zama ukuthola endaweni yokuchitha indle akuyona lezinto angaphandle kanye nezinto eziyingozi.

isiphetho

экологические проблемы России и загрязнение воды волнуют, пожалуй, каждого. Sengiphetha, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi iRussia nokungcoliswa kwamanzi ezemvelo ukukhathazeka, mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu. kokusaphaza ukucabangela kwemithombo yamanzi, emifuleni cluttering doti ahlukahlukene kwaholela yokuthi ngokwemvelo zimbalwa kakhulu ahlanzekile emakhoneni, ephephile. Zemvelo babé baqaphe kakhulu, wamukela izinyathelo eziningi ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthula imvelo. Uma ngamunye wethu acabange ngemiphumela ngesihluku, ubudlelwane umthengi yethu, isimo ezingelapheka. Kuphela ndawonye uzokwazi isindise abantu amachibi, izilwandle, futhi mhlawumbe ukuphila yizizukulwane ezizayo.