Izinhlobo labantu kufuduka: ngezigaba, izimbangela

Unyaka nonyaka isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke is agcwaliswa noma kuyancipha ngenxa kufuduka izinqubo. Migration wenziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, phakathi okuyinto indima eyinhloko kungokwalabo ukuntengantenga kwezomnotho. Migration izinqubo kungenziwa labizwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, ngoba incike ukuma kwabo, usayizi kanye nezizathu.

Umqondo ukufuduka. izinhlobo yokufuduka

yokufuduka labantu ibizwa ngokuthi ushintsho lokuhlala, usuka komunye umuzi komunye, phesheya. Ngo lo mqondo kungenziwa akhanyiswe futhi ukuhambisa ngaphakathi emzaneni / edolobheni, kodwa lena definition ewumngcingo okungukuthi kancane esetshenziswa.

Migration njengoba inqubo lokubala ubuningi babantu kuthinta kakhulu empilweni isimo. Migration izinqubo banikezwe iqhaza elihamba phambili kumiswa inani isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke. Umnotho nazo zathonywa abantu babesuka kwelinye izwe, futhi leli thonya kungaba okuhle nokubi.

Izinhlobo lokufuduka kwabantu zihlukile. Ukwahlukanisa kufuduka incike isayizi, simo, kubangela kwabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlamvu imingcele ukuhlukana eyayiphambana bangaphandle kufuduka yangaphakathi, isimo esingokomthetho - okusemthethweni nokungemthetho.

Ukwahlukanisa ngesikhathi kufuduka

Kuye isikhathi yokuhlala kwababaleki elandelayo izinhlobo kufuduka ungabahlukanisa emazweni angaphandle:

1. Permanent.

2. Isikhathi.

3. kwesizini.

4. Pendulum.

5. episodic.

Sikhuluma ukuthuthelwa ukubuya, uma umuntu ukuyohlala kwelinye izwe unaphakade. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe izimbangela ezahlukahlukene futhi uvame ukuhambisana ushintsho yisakhamuzi.

kufuduka lesikhashana singenzeka ngenxa yanoma iyiphi inhlekelele yemvelo noma kungenxa isidingo isikhathi ukuya izihlobo noma abangani izincwajana isikhathi eside. Lolu hlobo kufuduka libhekene isikhathi eside lokuhlala emazweni angaphandle, kodwa ekupheleni isikhathi esimisiwe umuntu abuyele ekhaya.

kufuduka kwesizini kungadalwa ukushoda zomsebenzi esikhathini ngokuvuna, ukudoba asebenzayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa waya endaweni engcwele, futhi nomadism ku evumayo kakhulu kulesi sikhathi. Ngokuvamile phakathi nalokhu kufuduka incike isizini.

Kwesinye isikhathi abantu umngcele nsuku zonke ngokuqondene evakashele amaseshini ukuqeqeshwa noma emsebenzini. Lokhu kungenzeka ezindaweni umngcele, futhi kuvamile ukuba eziningana izifunda. Lokhu kwesamba.

kufuduka episodic kungenziwa ngokuthi ngesikhathi osithandayo, ngoba abazi zincike isizatho nozimele besikhathi. Kungase kube uhambo izivakashi noma ibhizinisi uhambo abavamile.

Migration kuncike imingcele sawela

Migration izinqubo zingenziwa phakathi kwamazwe naseMbusweni. Uma kuziwa bewela umngcele, ukukhululwa nomqondo abathutha kanye nabokufika. Ebezizama ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe ukushiya izwe lakubo futhi abokufika, kunalokho, woza. Isilinganiso izigaba ezimbili kwababaleki kungase kollosalnyh kuthinte ngokuchichima izifunda ngabanye kanye yonke isimo sisonke.

Migration ngaphakathi ezweni zinezikhathi ushintsho nendawo yokuhlala noma kwenye indawo ukuze kwenye indawo. Ingabe okulandelayo izinhlobo njalo iningi ukufuduka: emzaneni - emzaneni, emzaneni - idolobha, idolobha - edolobheni.

Ingqikithi yalo Ukwahlukaniswa kufuduka izinqubo

Izinhlobo yokufuduka ngesimo. Systematics kungenziwa kuzinto eziningi, okungaba kokubili ezibalulekile futhi bedelelekile. A indima ekhethekile udlalwa inkinga Ukwahlukaniswa ukufuduka, ngawo ungakwazi ukuhlela bese kamuva ukuxazulula izigameko main kwesinye nesinye isikhathi sokuthutha.

zabasebenzi kufuduka

Migration izinqubo kungahle kubangelwe yezizathu zezomnotho, ezombusazwe, inkolo yamanga noma wezempi. Umthelela okukhulu kunakho konke lokhu kuyizinto kwezomnotho. Lezi zihlanganisa zabasebenzi kufuduka: search emisebenzi, ukuthatha uhambo, ukushoda kwabasebenzi ezinkathini esithile sonyaka.

Labor kufuduka kuthinta kakhulu isimo sezomnotho kuleli. Ngakho, uma kukhona ukushoda Ochwepheshe ezweni elithile, kungase ukuyenga ezinye izindlela njengakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lezi zazi luyanda noma kwehle.

Ukungabi bikho kwemali kwenza abantu abavela emizaneni nasemadolobheni amancane ukuthuthela khona iindawo ezinengi zokuhlala athuthukile. Ngakho kukhona ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni - ukwanda isibalo sabantu emizini. Nokho, isibalo semisebenzi kungancipha okwagcina kuholela abangasebenzi.

Uma kuziwa ukufuduka, okusemthethweni nokungemthetho angawodwa ezingakanani ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. umbaleki osemthethweni njalo bodokotela, ukuthi kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi ongase isisebenzi ngesikhathi ehlala kwelinye izwe. Nokho, eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuye wambona ukukhula ukugeleza abakuleli ngokungemthetho. Lokhu okusongelayo hhayi kuphela umnotho umbuso, kodwa futhi izimpilo zabantu ngokwabo: kunjalo ngempela ukuwela ebugqilini yokungakhokhi imali umsebenzi, njll

labantu ukufuduka in Europe

Abantu ukuthuthela ukufuduka wezwe befuna umthombo lelisetulu lemali lengenako, yokuhlala ukhululekile noma imfundo ephakeme. Isici inqubo kanye Europe. Nokho, kusukela ngo-2015 kuye kwaba khona isimo Izindawo mass zababaleki ababevela kuwo amazwe ase-Afrika nase-Asia ngenxa yezimpi emazweni akubo. Abangemthetho aphansi phezulu afuna Europe ukungena ngokusebenzisa Greece, ngezinga elincane - iSpain neNtaliyane.

Dangerous le nqubo kuyinto nokwanda kwenani labantu emazweni amaningi, kanye ingozi izenzo zobuphekula, ukubulala, ukudlwengula. Ngokucijile inciphise inani imisebenzi. Iningi lababaleki - abesifazane nezingane, asiza kwezomnotho ikhishwe. Lena yigalelo elinzima lelo isabelomali isimo, okungase kuholele esibucayi.

Migration eYurophu kuyinkinga enkulu ngoba inombolo enkulu uthi. Kuyadingeka ukuba athole indlela yokuphuma salezi zimo, kungenjalo kunobungozi ngoba lezakhamuzi lamazwe e-zinhlanga nangokwezimali.

Izimbangela imiphumela kufuduka

Abantu ababona amathuba phesheya umsebenzi nokutadisha. iholo olunamandla ephakeme, search umsebenzi ezikhanga umuntu phesheya. Abaningi emayunivesithi adumile angaphandle ngokwabo ukunikela abafundi izinhlelo exchange, ngakho intsha ziyakuthanda khona.

Izinhlobo kufuduka zingase zihluke. Ngakho-ke, isizathu ushintsho nendawo yokuhlala kungase kube isimo ezingaqinisekile kuleli zwe, kuhlanganise impi noma omunye crisis. Futhi ababaleki ukushiya izwe lakubo ngenxa yokuthi awayona efanelekayo izimo zezulu, izinhlekelele zemvelo nezinye anomalies zemvelo.

Lokhu kuphakamisa le nkinga ye ukufuduka, okuyinto kunoma isiphi isimo uzama ukulwa. Uma lokhu kugeleza kwabokufika, uhulumeni ulawula amaholo kanye isibalo semisebenzi, nosizo lwezimali. Uma lokhu kufuduka ezweni, kwenziwe imizamo ukuheha ochwepheshe abavela kwamanye amazwe, inqubomgomo lokubala ubuningi babantu igxile inkanuko ukukhula yemvelo sabantu.