Izinhlangano zemvelo

Akekho bangase baphikise ngesitatimende ukuthi imisebenzi kwemvelo maqondana imvelo manje yezinkinga ukuphokophela iningi lesintu. Umsebenzi ukuqeda le nkinga nokugcina ke ezingeni efanele bekwi izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kwemvelo. Eziningi zalezi zinhlangano zikhuthaza elakhelwe nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kodwa abaningi enze lo msebenzi phakathi kwabanye.

Isimo esemthethweni yenhlangano kwemvelo emhlabeni zingahlukaniswa zibe ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni kanye zikahulumeni.

A neqhaza kakhulu isixazululo yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene kwemvelo okwenza i-United Nations. Izidumbu main nama-ejensi (General Assembly, UNCTAD, UNIDO, UNESCO, njll) ezizibandakanyile ekusebenzeni kwemvelo.

Ngo-1972, i-UN General Assembly evunyiwe izwi lesinqumo elinesihloko esithi "amalungiselelo kwenhlangano kanye sezimali ukuze uthole ukusebenzisana ngamazwe emkhakheni imvelo", owawuthi kusungulwa umgwamanda entsha ezindabeni zemvelo. Ibizwa ngokuthi UNEP (isifinyezo United Nations Environment Programme) kanye ngonyaka inikeza imibiko enemininingwane ngomsebenzakhe.

Emkhandlwini UNEP ebusayo siqukethe abamele amazwe 58, okuyizinto ithuba akhethwe yi-General Assembly esiyiminyaka emithathu. Minyaka yonke iBhodi uzahlangana sokuxoxa ngezinkinga ezinkulu esingenakuqhathaniswa sokubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba emkhakheni kwemvelo. UNEP uphatha yonke izindaba umqondisi ophethe, ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukuthi Amalungiselelo session olandelayo woMkhandlu.

Ngo ukwakheka UNEP nazo zakhululwa Imvelo Insiza, esihlinzeka ngosizo olungeziwe sezimali ukuze uthole ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo ngamazwe Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Ngaphandle uhulumeni, kukhona into enjalo njengoba engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni nezinhlangano zokongiwa kwemvelo ngamazwe (INGOs). Isibalo sabo ezingaphezu kuka-200, futhi iningi labo ngokukhethekile ezindabeni nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Noma kunjalo, izinhlangano eziningi zivela kwezinye izindawo anentshisekelo izinkinga zemvelo nosizo ukuzixazulula.

Environmental izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ngamazwe ukuthi babe zamakhono esikhethekile ukuvikelwa bemvelo, umbuzo ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo ethize noma izinto zemvelo. Lezi zinhlangano zifaka phakathi International Council for Bird Ukulondolozwa, noma, isibonelo, i-European Federation sokuvikelwa amanzi. Namuhla, kunamabandla kukhona kakhulu impela.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi onegunya kunabo INGOs - International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN esifushanisiwe). It yadalwa eFrance ngo-1948. Lokhu kusiza ikhuthaza ukubambisana izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, kazwelonke kanye zikahulumeni, kanye nokongiwa kwemithombo. IUCN ungase uhlanganise kokubili uhulumeni wombuso kanye nesimo ahlukahlukene imizimba, izikhungo zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano, ngaphansi kukahulumeni.

Njengezinye izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kwemvelo, IUCN isebenza ndlela ethile. Ngamunye wabo iholwa ikhomishana amalungu alo abaqavile emphakathini futhi ababusi bezwe ososayensi.

Okwamanje, i-IUCN uye wabambelela izenzakalo eziningana ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise ukuqoqwa kolwazi mayelana zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni kwezilwane. Umphumela umsebenzi - eyanyatheliswa ngo-1996 "The Red Encwadi Amaqiniso", okuyinto bonke benziwa izilwane ezingavamile. Lapha ungakwazi ukufunda ngalokho izilwane zinyamalala, okuyinto ezingavamile, onjani inkontileka, futhi lapho lakwazi ukugwema usongo lokuqothulwa. I Union futhi uye walungiselela izinkulumo eziningi amaphrojekthi lwemihlangano yezizwe ukuvikelwa amaxhaphozi, ukuze kukhawulwe ukuhweba ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni ukuthi asengozini nokunye.

Ngakho, izinhlangano zamanje international kwemvelo abasebenza emkhakheni kwemvelo yathela impela futhi ecebile. Ngamunye wabo anganikeza umbiko enemininingwane ngemisebenti yayo, uchubeke.