Izindawo Pushkin eRussia. ngu Pushkin ubeka Izikhangibavakashi

Pushkin zindawo zizokhulekela esikhulu, hhayi nje phakathi bendawo kodwa futhi phakathi izivakashi. Ukuvakasha kwabo nezithandwa injabulo izincwadi ezilotshwe ababhali, abalandeli izinkondlo, amaqembu uhambo intsha nabafundi ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme, kanye izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Akukho anendingeko enkulu ukuba uhlu zonke izindawo ongase abizwe ngokuthi iminyuziyamu ethandwa kakhulu, wadala nge uthando ezizukulwane eziningi zabantu. Futhi namhlanje isimo ekhetheke kakhulu kulezi izakhiwo ukulondolozwa.

Manor Goncharov

Echaza izindawo Pushkin eduze eMoscow, ungathanda ukuqala ifa we Goncharov. Edolobhaneni kukhona Yaropolets ezimbili igama elehlukile. Goncharov Manor itholakala eseningizimu. Wakhonza njengephayona pointer ophahleni esicacile, abakhiphe ebandleni. igama dolobhana wokucela livela "ensimini Esihogweni Somlilo" lapha ezinsukwini ubudala, ngokusho legend, wagcina AmaKhosi isithumbanja. abameleli Abaningi lasebukhosini walithanda yokuzingela ukule emzaneni.

Manor iqembu kwakhiwa ngisho nalapho Zagryazhskaya ekhulwini XVIII. Ngo esogwini Lama owakhile indlu ngokhuni ukuze bomhlaba kanye iSonto Ioanna Predtechi (1751-1755 GG.), Yikuphi yayisethafeni egcekeni elingaphambili. esangweni Side kuholela esontweni futhi egcekeni. Sinenkosi uhlobo castle kwemibhoshongo ngamazinyo abukhali. Kusukela kocingo kanye ezungezwe yonke eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwakukhona kuphela udonga kusukela eningizimu. Semi-isiyingi izindlu egcekeni elise futhi indlu yakhiwa 1780-m livela, enze uxhuma enamaphiko ukuhwebelana futhi sokunconywa kwezobuciko kakhulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze uhlukanise ke ngendlela engcono kakhulu esingenza Manor izakhiwo kwesikhathi. izakhiwo Lesi sakhiwo sika zikanokusho nenhle.
UMdali Goncharivske eziyinkimbinkimbi kubhekwa umklami engxenyeni abadumile wesibili ka ngekhulu le-18 I. V Egotova.

Leli dolobhana Yaropolets A. S. Pushkin wavakashela kabili, e 1833 kanye 1834. Weza kuninazala, umama N. I. Goncharovoy. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, waphawula ukuthi izindlu yawela ukwehla, lokhu kuqinisekiswa string "wahlala esigodlweni zonakale." Okubizwa ngokuthi "Igumbi Pushkinskaya" waqhubeka kwaze 1941, kuze waqala empini. Kwakuphakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kwathiwa zithinteka kakhulu, ngenxa umlilo iye yabangela umonakalo omkhulu izakhiwo yangaphakathi yendlu kanye ikamelo imbongi sika, kanye inani elikhulu izakhiwo. Ngemva kwempi, Manor wabuyiselwa futhi manje iyisikhungo ukuzilibazisa. Lokhu kuyimpumelelo ikakhulukazi - namuhla uvakashele Pushkin izindawo eMoscow. Manor Goncharov ugxumela maelstrom yomlando of genius olusankondlo ukuphila.

Zakharovo Manor

Izikhangibavakashi Pushkin izindawo kufanele uqhubeke ngokuvakashela izindlu, okusikhumbuza ebuntwaneni imbongi. ERussia, inani elikhulu izindawo ezihambisana ne A. S. Pushkinym, kodwa esimnandi kakhulu kucatshangwa ukuthi labo abangabangane eseyingane. Noma yimuphi izinkumbulo ziyabuthonya empilweni indoda aphethwe, futhi abe ubuntu zokudala - nangemisebenzi yakhe. Ukuze simazi kangcono imbongi ebuntwaneni, kuzomele uvakashele izindlu Zakharovo, okuyinto yake okungewakho ugogo Pushkin, M. A. Gannibal.

Omunye izindaba kuqala ku ezithengiswayo lapho ekhulwini le-17 kwelinye izincwadi. Njengoba awutholakali embhalweni njengenhlangano izindlu Kamynin, owayeneminyaka umkhuzi wezempi e Perm futhi Solikamsk. Emlandweni lendlu wawuyizingalo inombolo enkulu yamabandla. Kwaba ngasekupheleni 1804 iba ukhukhuva ifa Alexander ugogo. Somewhere ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1805 efika indodakazi izindlu M. A. Gannibal, Hope Osipovna, kanye nezingane zabo. UPapa Pushkin kwaba engeyena umthandi emaphandleni bese Zakharovo akuvamile wavakashela. ngakho izindlu zalo mkhaya yafika yema njalo ehlobo, cishe ukuze Ukuhamba kuka-Alexander Lyceum. Ngo 1811, ugogo Pushkin Sahlukana Manor e Zakharovo futhi sekudlule ku yifa Agrafena Alekseevne, udadewabo siqu.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi lena Manor is endaweni kuphela uye walondoloza zikhathi ebuntwaneni Pushkin. Emithonjeni enokwethenjelwa kuyacaca ukuthi kusukela 1805 kuze 1810 imbongi wachitha lapha njalo ehlobo. Okuvelayo ongenakucimeka wokulingwa ezitholakala ukuhlala kule Manor, bashiya induku okuphila kwesikhathi esizayo Pushkin njengoba yonke indlu igcwele Tenor Russian. Itholakala ithanga of nature enhle. Kulapha Pushkin uqala ukufunda ngalokho emzaneni isiRashiya, sibonga ugogo onakekelayo futhi umhlengikazi, kanye imvelo nodadewethu nomfowethu. kwagxila kuwena kwalolusuku imbongi, olubheke edolobhaneni elingumakhelwane ka Vyazma esontweni encane. Moscow Pushkin indawo wayemthanda ngokukhethekile nge Ongoti yobuciko Russian.

Ngeshwa, indlu lapho imbongi wachitha nehlobo zakhe, asizange sisinde. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ku-izisekelo ngqo amaqoqo lokhuni Lakhiwa indlu endala, kodwa akakwazi ukuphila kuze kube namuhla ngenxa yomlilo, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-1933. Usuku engu-200 kusukela kwazalwa Pushkin, ngo-1999, indlu lavuselelwa futhi. Ngo isakhiwo esisha akukho kwesokunxele izingcezu ubudala, kodwa kwathathelwa indawo nakuletinye tifundvo, nayo esikhathini lapho imbongi wahlala, kodwa abawona izihlobo zakhe.

big Vyazemy

izindawo Pushkin eMoscow wabalandisa omunye izindlu. Manor Vyazemy Esibanzi esedunyisiwe hhayi kuphela A. S. Pushkinym, kodwa futhi ngabaningi nezinye owaziwa wonke abantu emhlabeni, phakathi kwabo Prince Golitsyn, Kutuzov ngisho Napoleon. Kuwufanele kubukisisa Heroine of "Indlovukazi Spades", mhlawumbe uzonikhumbuza ezinye izakhamuzi Manor. Bheka lokhu ngeke udabule amakamelo amahle isigodlo, manje likhona zomlando Literary Museum - Reserve, wadala behlonipha A. S. Pushkina. Kangcono nge Umhlahlandlela ukuvakashela izindawo Pushkin. Izikhangibavakashi ke nenjongo ephelele.

Manor kusukela inqaba

Kokuqala ebhekisela Big Vyazemy sabanjwa zemihla eyaqala ngekhulu le-16. Ngakho ngalezo zinsuku lalibizwa esiteshini sokugcina endleleni eya eMoscow endleleni "Big Smolensk." Igama elithi "Vyazma", ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, lisuselwa Slavic "viscous" (ngezansi ezinodaka eduze komfula). Ngo 1585-1586 GG. kulezi zindawo zithathwa phezu NGUBORIS Godunov, eyakha omkhulu wokhuni esigodlweni amaphiko, Boyarsky endlini futhi isonto, futhi ezungezwe izinqaba isakhiwo. Phakathi Isikhathi Nezinkinga Big Vyazemy wahlala Dmitry Amanga, futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile lapho wayeka Marina Mniszek nge yizikhonzi zakhe. Eduzane kaZuma, uPetru mina ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 wanikeza Boris Golitsyn, naye owayesebenza sokubuyiselwa egcwele esigodlweni. Manor endlini e-Big Vyazemy, okuyinto liyalondolozwa emini segodneshny lavuselelwa NM Golitsyn, le umzukulu Boris Golitsyn, ngo-1784. Lawa masayithi Alexander wavakashela izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Ngo inoveli yakhe "Eugene Onegin" wachaza endlini, elisetendeni umkhiqizo kwakungekaNkulunkulu Onegin, futhi Manor edolobhaneni Zakharovo baba sibonelo ifa Larin.

Isigodlo volkov-Yusupov

Wide ububanzi Pushkin izindawo ezahlukene e-Russia. Izithombe kungaba ingxenye kuphela ubonise bonke ubukhulu babo. Yaziswa futhi ukuhlola kungenzeka zabo kuphela uma uye emtholampilo siqu.

izindawo Pushkin ezingengaphansi ezithakazelisayo eMoscow. Budebuduze esiteshini "Red Gate" uyisibonelo endala zezakhiwo itshe yenhloko-dolobha. Volkov-Yusupov Palace linomlando othakazelisayo. Yakhiwa emakhulwini mayelana 17-19 futhi ngokuthi iNdlu Yesizwe volkov futhi Yusupov Palace ezaziwayo. Kukholakala ukuthi lamiswao ngaphambili, ngekhulu le-16, abadwebi bamapulani abadumile Russian Barma futhi Postnikov, kamuva eyakhelwe Red Square, St Vasiliya Blazhennogo.

Kwathi lokha uPitrosi II waletha esigodlweni UGrigory Dmitrievich Yusupov, yena wayevela inqwaba izikhulu kanye yombutho ngesikhathi. I wokugcina ngaphambi Yusupov ephethwe ifa Alexei volkov, owayeneminyaka unobhala Collegium Military. Futhi kule minyaka 1801-1803. engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-umndeni Izingxoxo wahlala A. S. Pushkina, ngakho esigodlweni kubhekwa i lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo ukuba Pushkin izindawo. Ukwakhiwa kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo ehlanganisa eziningana kwemibhoshongo ukuthi isipikili architraves eziyinqaba, amakholomu Regal kakhulu izinsimbi kancane. ophahleni ezakhiwe ehlotshiswe okhanda kanye ukubaza, isimo sezulu vanes, ngamahele namakholomu. ukubukeka emahle ihlangabezana kulungiselelwa omangalisayo amakamelo angaphakathi.

House-Museum of Pushkin eMoscow

izindawo Pushkin esifundeni laseMoscow zitholakala ngokuyinhloko eMoscow nasezindaweni ezizungezile ngokushesha. On the Arbat, enkabeni yedolobha, 2 storey indlu endala ngo-1831 A. S. Pushkin ukuqasha ifulethi, okuyinto manje isikhungo obungokomoya balabo nezazi zokudala. Kukhona isikhumbuzo Museum-efulethini imbongi, okuyinto evakashela ezizukulwane eziningana abalandeli bakhe. Kulesi efulethini, u-Alexander kugujwa njengesixhumo sezindluzele yakhe axokozelayo kanye emva komshado ayephila kule ndlu kakade nomkakhe N. N. Goncharovoy. Ngokusho abanye abazibonela, le ndlu yayingakakulungeli bomdabu ikakhulukazi kuso, njengoba yenzeka ngaphakathi kwezindonga zawo baphile ngenjabulo Pushkin. Long amafulethi ngokwanele ohlanganyelwe etholakala kulesi sakhiwo, nemadlana ukuze nje ingaphandle qwembe owamiswa ngo-1937, uyakhumbula ukuthi uma kule ndlu wahlala imbongi omkhulu. Kwaba Februwari 18, 1986 kuphela, ngemva nje kokubuyisela eside, indlu ngokusemthethweni yaba Museum.

ukuchayeka

Ngeshwa, ayikho idatha ku ingaphakathi endlini lapho Pushkin wahlala khona, ngakho abasebenzi Museum watimisela kuya esitezi sesibili kunjalo akukho zobuciko. Zabulawa ezehlela ezinye izindawo Pushkin. Photo ngakho-ke asikwazi ukubonisa ngokugcwele zonke ubuhle lesikhumbuzo. Izindonga efulethini-Museum ahlotshiswe ekumeni abantu ababengenamandla izivakashi njalo ngesikhathi Alexander Pushkin. Phakathi kwazo zonke esincane efanayo izinto ungabona ekumeni of Pushkin nomkakhe, ezibhaliwe phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, kanye edeskini futhi itafula imbongi unkosikazi Pushkin sika. Esitezi sokuqala Museum kunesithembiso embukisweni "Pushkin futhi eMoscow", okuyinto uboniswa efudumele, kodwa ubuhlobo ngingakhululeki imbongi kanye nenhlokodolobha. Futhi liveta imifanekiso ngoba imisebenzi imbongi, futhi egumbini lokuphumula zivame labetibambile recitals. izindawo Pushkin eRussia, ikakhulu eMoscow, bafanelwe ukunakwa abagxeki abaningi futhi abalobi.

Pushkin Hills

Ngezinye km 120 kusukela Pskov kuyinto edolobhaneni Pushkin Hills. Igama ledolobha esikhethiwe hhayi ngaphandle isizathu, ngoba imbongi buhlobene eduze izindlu zakhe ezimbili kanye kwakungekaNkulunkulu ozala Pushkin, futhi oyedwa wayengudokotela unala abangane bakhe. Futhi kule ndawo kukhona Isigodlo, lapho imbongi edumile wangcwatshwa. Okwamanje, bonke izigodi ezintathu akha Museum yaqanjwa A. S. Pushkina.

Mikhailovskoe

Mikhailovskoye - ifa ethandwa kakhulu AS Pushkin. Lapha whiled kude isikhathi esiningi ebusheni bakhe futhi lapho isikhulile, futhi kusukela 1824 kuya 1826 kwaba eSt Michael lapha. Kuze ukukhanya imbongi iyona izindlu yomkhaya wakhe. Kusukela 1742 ifa uzalwe ngu ukhokho wakhe ukuba unina imbongi. Bail ifa uhulumeni waphasisa e-1899, lapho ngabe Pushkin neminyaka engu-100 ubudala, futhi ngo-1911-ke yaguqulwa Museum anikezelwe Aleksandru Sergeevichu. Manor Restored kabili, okokuqala ekudleni komlilo izindlu ngo-1918 I izindlu kabusha ngo-1937 futhi okwesibili lachithwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II futhi kwabuyiselwa ngemva kwempi.

On the ifa isakhiwo elibuyiselwe ezinye izinto okwakungokwenkosi imbongi. Ukuze uvakashele amanye amakamelo atholakalayo ifa, omunye wabo - kuyinto ehhovisi Pushkin, lapho anakho edeskini lakhe. Kancane kancane abasebenzi Museum ezama ukuthola i-umzuzu nomzuzu wokuphila imbongi sika, azichitha kuleli isidleke umndeni.

kaPetru

Bezindlu phakathi nekhulu le-18, wazalwa njengesipho U-Elizabeth I sika ukhokho imbongi AP Hannibal. Kamuva, uphasiswe Umkhulu PA uHannibal, ngisho kamuva - uMalume VP uHannibal. Wayengumuntu umnikazi oyinhloko umndeni. Kusukela 1839 ifa kwakungekaNkulunkulu abanikazi ezahlukene, futhi ngo-1936 ayiswa nokwakheka Pushkin Museum. Manor zabhekana sokubuyiselwa izikhathi eziningana. Buildings ababemi Pushkin, basha ngokukhanukelana, 1918. Ngo-1977, inxuluma lavuselelwa Umkhulu P. A. Pushkina, futhi ngo-2000 - A. inxuluma Umkhulu uHannibal. Namuhla eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum basonta izakhiwo ezimbili kanye sikwele Gazebo-sivale indlela engena emgedeni. Pushkin izindawo eRussia bajwayelane ukuphila imbongi edume.

Trigorskoye

Ifa abangane nomlobi, Osipov-Wolf, nabo Pushkin abangane abaseduze kakhulu ngesikhathi reference 1824-1826 biennium. Njengezinye izigodi Pushkin Gore Trigorskoye lashisa ngo-1918 Ukwakhiwa kabusha waqala ngo-ngemva kwempi. Ngu 1962, waphila endlini Manor, futhi ngo-1978 - okugeza, okwakubonisa ngesikhathi hhayi kuphela endaweni okugeza, kodwa futhi ingadi izindlu, kusho uphumule imbongi othandekayo. isethulo impahla mlando kanye izinto kwesikhathi embukisweni we isakhiwo Manor. A Umbuthano square, okuyinto has a "Bench Onegin" futhi "Avenue of Tatiana." Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-prototype Trigorskoye thola Larin izindlu. Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi izinhlamvu imikhuba yakhe inoveli Alexander ukukopishwa ozakwabo siqu. Enye yezindawo bezijabulisa iningi epaki - kungcono oki itshalwe round, okuyinto okusikhumbuza alelo washi lika. Pushkin izindawo angabizwa ngokuthi inganekwane, njengoba isimo ukuthi ebazungezile, ubukeka ngempela Ungathi inganekwane, eyalotshwa imbongi.

Church of the sezindela

Church of the sezindela idume yokuthi kuwo imbongi wangcwatshwa kanye wonke umndeni. Igama eliphelele - Holy Assumption Monastery, Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-16 ku-oda ku-internet Ivana Groznogo IV. Ngokokulandisa, yesigodlo isethwe endaweni lapho umalusi ngiphuphe isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Alexander walithanda ukuvakashela le ndawo, khuluma li futhi amalungu esonto, ngubani njalo uya at Fairs eyayihlelwa sezindela. Babalelwa ku-1924 wavalwa, ngemva kokudala legatsha Museum imbongi, futhi ngo-1992 waba wahlala emzini wale ndoda.

Akukona zonke izindawo Pushkin elise Russia. Eqinisweni, umzila we-Alexander usukela ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwe.