Izimpawu isikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus. Territory, labantu, iyunithi yemali yezwe

Belarus - iyisimo elise-Eastern Europe. indawo Its itholakala imicengezi emfuleni ezifana Western Dvina futhi Dnepr, Neman kanye Bug. I esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga futhi empumalanga umngcele izindawo Belarus kanye Russian Federation, eseningizimu - Ukraine, Western - ne Lithuania nasePoland, ntshonalanga - ne Latvia.

Lesi simo limelela expanses enkulukazi Amasimu itshalwe ngamabele izitshalo, yefilakisi, amazambane. Laziwa izwe Belovezhskaya Pushcha futhi enkulu ezindaweni kwamaxhaphozi ukuthi UNapoleon wake ngokuthi owesihlanu isici.

ekubeni isimo

Endaweni, lapho manje Belarus, emashumini eminyaka 10-13 th khona Turov, Polotsk namanye ubukhulu. Bonke beniyingxenye Kievan Rus. Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo inhlangano ephakathi, lapho ubudlelwano phakathi izikhulu abangu kwakhiwa esekelwe suzerainty-eyinkosi ekhonza ngaphansi kukaNebukhadinezari.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-nantathu, lesi simo uye washintsha abalulekile. Ngezinye eminyaka emihlanu nengxenye, kule nsimu baba ingxenye Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

umhlaba Eminye iye subordinated uMbuso Russian ngaphandle ukwakheka wekuba sive.
25.03.1918 Ukuqala isigaba esisha emlandweni wezwe. Lolo suku kwathiwa nohulumeni wobunxiwankulu-yeningi - Belarusian National Republic. Nokho, naphezu isimo elikhulu kangaka, nezwe uMthetho-sisekelo wayo, amabutho akhe ahlomile amasha futhi imingcele ecacile. Ngakho, leyo ndawo asikwazanga ukuqashelwa isimo agcwele.

Kuphela kuqala ngoJanuwari 1918, ngokuqondene ukwakheka isi-Byelorussian SSR, leli zwe like laba uMthethosisekelo sakhe, namandla bagxila ezandleni amasekela.

27.07.1990, Belarus limenyezelwe nobukhosi bawo. NgokoMthethosisekelo weRiphabhulikhi namuhla, inhloko yayo executive okungukuthi uMongameli, njengoba aphakeme zomthetho umzimba - Sikazwelonke.

independency

Izimpawu Republic of Belarus isimo geopolitical kwashintsha kakhulu ngemva kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Lena kwakuyinkathi lapho kwakukhona nciphisa zase-USSR, futhi ababange besaba khona Warsaw iSivumelwano Inhlangano. Kusukela ngo-1991, umlando Republic of Belarus - indaba geqe ngezisetshenziswa abalulekile, kanye engaba ezempi kanye nezomnotho.

Izwe kumephu

Ukuhlola isikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus kuhlobene eduze isikhundla salo ezindawo. Izwe zingatholakala kakhulu maphakathi Europe, engxenyeni phakathi nezwekazi Eurasia. Ubude Belarus kusukela enyakatho yayo imingcele oseningizimu 560 amakhilomitha. Ohlangothini kusukela empumalanga kuya ensimini nasentshonalanga yezwe kancane xaxa. Le libanga kuyinto 600 km.

I-Republic of Belarus lizungezwe amazwe ngokwanele ezinamandla nezinethonya. Ubude imingcele salo 2.969 km, kuhlanganise:

• Poland - 399 km;
• Latvia - 143 km;
• Ukraine - 975 km;
• Lithuania - 162 km;
• ne Russia - 990 km.

Ekuhloleni isikhundla evumayo geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus is kunakwe futhi indawo enhloko-dolobha yayo - emzini Minsk. Kusukela ku:

• Moscow - 700 km;
• Vilnius - 215 km;
• Kiev - 580 km;
• Warsaw - 550 km;
• Riga - 470 km;
• Vienna - 1,300 km;
• Berlin - 1060 km.

Indima emazweni angomakhelwane

Indawo in a ukuthuthukiswa isikhathi eside futhi zokuhlala Europe ubeka bona kokuhlaziywa eliphezulu isikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus. Kulokhu, isici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa komnotho yezwe endaweni evumayo. States ayingxenye emjikelezweni engaphakathi Belarus, ngiyoba nethonya elihle on ukuthuthukisa umnotho walelizwe.

Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile Republic kuyinto komakhelwane nge ezimaphakathi nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia. Lokhu kakhulu athuthukile kwezomnotho ezindaweni kabani indawo ugxilisa eziningi amakhemikhali, imishini, zendwangu kanye nezinye izimboni esihlobene amabhizinisi efanayo eBelarus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Republic of Belarus eRussia - esiseduzane ngakhoke enenzuzo kakhulu ngokuya kwezomnotho umphakeli, eletha imikhiqizo emadolobheni amakhulu ezifana eMoscow Petersburg.

Poland Belarus njengoba isimo ohlanganisa nakho kufeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho. Ubudlelwane kanye umakhelwane entshonalanga kuxhomeke kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa omphakathi European. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi Belarus nasePoland axhunyaniswa hhayi kuphela kuze kube semngceleni ezivamile. Amazwe amabili abe izimpande eminingi evamile zomlando ethnographic.

ukuxhumana Ezokuthutha

Ekuhloleni isikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus Kuhle kokusho ukuthi leli lizwe ezwekazini. Kuyinto ohlwini lamazwe nesikhombisa emhlabeni ukuthi akudingeki ukufinyelela ngqo yezindlela zasolwandle. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyinto embi ecacile. Nokho, uqiniswa kahle inxeshezelwa umfula uhlelo athuthukiswe kahle, etholakala kwi insimu yezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuholi Belarus ngenkuthalo usebenzisa kolwandle nezimbobo eseduze emazweni angomakhelwane. Phakathi kwabo, Gdansk naseKaliningrad, Klaipeda futhi Ventspils. Zonke lezi izimbobo zitholakala endaweni eyibanga elingaphezudlwana 250 ku 350 kusukela imingcele isimo Belarus.

Wancoma isikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus futhi unike ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi elisemngceleni nge uthi angomakhelwane ziqalisa flatland. Kwakuyisikhathi imfuneko elihle ngokubabazekayo ukudalwa imizila kusebenziseka kalula, okwamanje esetshenziswa sokuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane kwezomnotho hhayi kuphela izwe elingumakhelwane, kodwa futhi nabanye emazweni amaningi e-Asia naseYurophu.

Kumele ukuthi esinye zezici ezikhanga kakhulu isikhundla ezindawo ka Belarus kuyinto yezokuthutha. Ngenxa wakhe, izwe sawela by inqwaba izindlela commercial, amasiko, kanye nezomnotho yokuxhumana. Leli qiniso kuba nomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho weRiphabhulikhi.

Kumele ukuthi siyazi kusuka emlandweni indlela "kusukela amaViking namaGreki" amagatsha awo cishe sonke endaweni wamanje yezwe. Namuhla, kunamabandla imihubhe evulekile, okwakwenza oxhumana amazwe nge Belarus uthi, Ukraine, eRussia kanye Poland. Sebenzisa yezwe elingumakhelwane ngokwenza ukuxhumana nomunye futhi nezinye izifundazwe. Udabula Belarus ingxenye onqamula ujantshi hlobo. It kweqa yonke Eurasia.

Belarus - ezweni lapho ukuba sendleleni senzeka cishe amahlanu amaphesenti supply amandla, uzotshala gas nophethiloli ketshezi amapayipi ezivela eRussia kubathengi esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kule ndaba, Republic of Belarus has a inzuzo enkulu kwezomnotho.

Nokho, inzuzo efanayo geopolitical akuyona siyazuzisa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuba maphakathi Europe, Belarus uye ngokuvamile kube insimu, lapho izithakazelo nomakhelwane bayo namandla kakhulu. Kule minyaka engamakhulu amathathu, nezimpi eziningi eletha imbubhiso yakhe enkulu futhi ukulahlekelwa esindayo. Shono usuku eyinhloko Belarus lapho izwe igubha uzibuse njalo ngonyaka ewela Julayi 3. Lolu usuku Minsk yakhululwa kubahlaseli German ngesikhathi kwenziwe amasosha aseSoviet ngo ehlobo lika-1944 ukusebenza "Bagration".

Usayizi indawo

Le ndawo waseBelarus kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 207,6 amakhilomitha square. Leli qiniso kufanele ukhulume uma silinganisa ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo yokuma geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus. Ukuze lingakanani lizwe ivuliwe endaweni nantathu ohlwini emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amane European. Lena 2.1% of the indawo yonke eYurophu.

Ukuze lingakanani idlula endaweni ezweni Belarus Austria, Portugal, Greece naseNetherlands. It ingafaniswa UK, sise ayizinkulungwane 244,1 sq. Km, futhi Romania, okuyinto oluthatha 237,5 izinkulungwane sq. M. km. Kepha aseBaltic, endaweni yabo, ngisho sesisonke esingaphansi eBelarus, izikhathi 1.2.

izakhamizi

Chaza izici okuyinto sici yokuma geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus, akunakwenzeka, futhi ngaphandle ukuphathwa abantu bakhona. Njengoba izakhamuzi eziningi weRiphabhulikhi Belarus ivuliwe endaweni lweshumi nane e-Europe. Kufanele ukuthi labantu Belarus ngamanani amakhulu:

• izikhathi 1.3 kuka emazweni aseBaltic nasengxenyeni;
• izikhathi 2 kunaleyo Denmark noma eFinland.

Inani labantu base-Belarus ngokuya izinombolo iyafana emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. uhlu Bahlanganisa eHungary Belgium, Portugal naseGrisi, eYugoslavia kanye Czech Republic.

I kwabantu labantu square kilometre, uma liqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sezwe ungaphakathi uhla 48,4 umuntu. Kuyinto eduze inkomba efanayo e-Ireland (abantu 51), kanye Bosnia and Herzegovina (abantu 54). Kancane kuka kwabantu labantu Belarus eLithuania, lapho abantu abangu-56 square kilometre. Ngokuphathelene amazwe maphakathi kanye nasempumalanga Europe, banayo ngayo kule ndaba yilena umehluko omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Poland kwabantu-124 abantu. / Sq. km, eCzech Republic - 131, kuyilapho e-Slovakia - 110.

Ukwakheka kazwelonke Belarus kuyinto lonelubanjiswano. Kuyinto kunikela ukuthuthukiswa esitebeleni yezwe. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu olwenziwa ngo-1999, ukubunjwa abakhileyo imelelwa:

• Belarusians - 81,2%;
• Russian - 11.4%;
• NabasePoland - 3.9%;
• Ukraine - 2.1%;
• AmaJuda - 0.1% kanye nezinye ezincane.

izilimi State eRiphabhulikhi ezimbili. Kuyinto Russian futhi Belarusian. Nokho, umlando isimo zashiya izibazi ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on izizukulwane eziningi. Yiluphi ulimi okhetha ukuxhumana Belarus? Ithebula ibekwe ngezansi, libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kuleli zwe, cishe ukuzwa inkulumo Russian.

amabutho ahlomile

Omunye izimfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa okugcinekayo Belarus - ukuphathwa afanele inqubomgomo sokuzivikela kucatshangelwa izithakazelo bezinye izizwe. Kuwufanele ethi ukuthi kusukela ngomhla ka-1995 leli zwe lalikhungethwe omunye elihlomile kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kwaba nethonya elikhulu ku-isikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus. Ngemva kokuwa eU.SSR isimo aphethwe ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo wokuguqula amasosha ayo kwengoma. Umphumela wale izenzo kwaba ukunqinda webutho lezempi sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili. Ngenxa yobukhulu compact yezwe kanye nezinga elincane layo elisemngceleni Belarus ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo Ukuvikelwa sawo inani elincani amabutho kanye nokuntuleka imigqa zemvelo ukuzivikela.

lwemali kazwelonke

Kuze kube manje, imali Belarus - lokhu akulona nje imali. Khokha izimpahla nezinkonzo kungaba amasheke kanye namakhadi epulasitiki. Lwemali kazwelonke ubhekwa the ruble Belarusian. Yena ingeyona isigaba Convertible ngokukhululekile, ngakho izivakashi befika kuleli, awukwazi uyithenga kusengaphambili.

Uhulumeni ukusingatha eziyisishiyagalolunye izinhlobo amanothi. Lokhu nezilinganiso kusuka 100 ruble 200 000. Ngokuphathelene lwemali metal, bengasebenzisi tekubala. Belarus National Bank wakhipha zemali esiyisikhumbuzo ukuthi Sinesithakazelo kuphela abaqoqi.

Kusukela eminyakeni 01.07.2016 e Belarus sihlelelwe ukuqhuba indawo amahlelo akhona banknotes manje sampula 2000. amanothi amasha okuzokhishwa kwegazi. Leli bhange isampula amanothi ngonyaka 2009. Njengoba yokukhokha ngemuva kwekhefu elide futhi kuyoba khona imali.

izimo Modern yentuthuko

manje Belarus ubizwa ngokuthi "omncane" isigaba lamazwe ukuthi akudingeki nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni global izinqubo zezomnotho. Kufakazela a geopolitical isikhundla weRiphabhulikhi Belarus ethebuleni elingezansi.

Nokho, ukuthola izwe ukhululekile kumephu kubhekwa e izithakazelo abadlali omkhulu kwamaZwe. Belarus namuhla - iyona elixhumanisa phakathi East and West, iNyakatho neNingizimu. Kule ndaba, kungashiwo unikwa indima isikhungo ibhizinisi, kanye ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana amasevisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izwe ukuba sendleleni Belarus oyithandayo kokubili eRussia kanye namazwe esemancane eNtshonalanga Yurophu.

Kuze kube manje, ngokoqobo isikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus itholakala isekuhlanganiseni zezombangazwe nezomnotho kuleli CIS uhlelo (Commonwealth of Independent States). Ngaphezu kwalokho, sibonga indawo yayo kunenzuzo ezindawo ka enhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe - emzini Minsk - yindawo lapho umzimba wokuxhumanisa we CIS. Sekuyisikhathi eside iningi lamazwe e-Commonwealth of Belarus - uhlobo ewindini eYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubulungu weRiphabhulikhi eyilungu le-Eurasia Economic Community. Siqukethe futhi eRussia, eKazakhstan, Tajikistan futhi Kyrgyzstan.

Kuze kube manje, kulesi sikhundla geopolitical weRiphabhulikhi Belarus uthola isicelo salo esisebenzayo ngenxa high density esisogwini endaweni zokuxhumana ezokuthutha ngamazwe. Ngakho, ingxenye elincani umngcele (350 amakhilomitha) enezinto eziningi wesitimela (Brest nomPristi, Berestovitsa, Svislach futhi Grodno) kanye yokuwela komgwaqo.

Kumele wathi ukuthi isikhundla ezahlukene kakhulu tembusave netemnotfo ezindawo ka the izifunda ngazinye yezwe. izindawo ezinophahla, ngaphandle Minsk, babe imingcele yamazwe angomakhelwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye wabo a imingcele amabili. Kuphela Mogilev esifundeni umngcele yangaphandle has kuphela eRussia. Ngakho, ezihlukahlukene okunjalo izakhiwo lezimpahla ngamakhasimende ubheke oxhumana cross-border. Ngakho, esifundeni entshonalanga yezwe ukukhuthalele uhlele nezinkampani ePoland, eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Futhi izifunda empumalanga baboshwa imicu enamandla kwezomnotho we Russian Federation.

Ngakho, ukuma geopolitical futhi kwezomnotho kanye ezindawo ka the Republic of Belarus - uyinsiza yalo ebaluleke kakhulu. Elisetshenziswa, ngaphandle kokungabaza, kuzovumela izwe ezingeni elisha ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuchuma kwezomnotho isimo.