Izikhali ezibandayo zase-Chinese guan dao: incazelo, izici, umlando namaqiniso athakazelisayo

I-Guan Tao iyisikhali sensimbi yase-Chinese yasendulo. Ekuhunyushweni, igama lisho "inkemba Guanya", umlawuli odumile wekhulu le-3 AD. Ngokombiko, kubonakala kulekhulu leminyaka, kodwa ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwakhiwe kamuva.

Isiko

Izikhali zikaGuan Dao, umlando wazo oyingqayizivele, ukhulunywa emibhalweni yamaShayina yomdwebo wezempi wama-9-18 eminyaka. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zasendulo, kwakuyikrele lomlawuli odumile wamaBuso amathathu kaGuan-Yu, owaziwayo kakhulu eChina. Kuyaziwa ukuthi yena ngokwakhe wabamba iqhaza empini eziningi futhi, ngenxa yamakhono akhe, ikhono, isibindi, wahlala ethola ukunqoba. Kukholelwa ukuthi empini wayesebenzisa isikhali sakhe esidumile se-pole, esabizwa kamuva ngemva kwakhe.

Ezinye izinguqulo

Umlando kaGuan Tao, inkemba yaseGuan, naphezu kohlamvu lwayo olujwayelekile, kungabonakalisa iqiniso. Nokho, incazelo yokuqala eningiliziwe yezikhali ezibuyele ekhulwini le-11. Enye yezincwadi ze-Chinese, kusukela kulekhulu leminyaka, kunesici senkemba. Isayensi yezomlando nayo ayinayo idatha yokuvubukula ngenkathi kukhona inkemba ekhulwini lesi-3, nakuba lokhu kungasho ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi esikude i-dao yayingakaze isakazeke kabanzi ezweni. Ngakho-ke, izazi eziningi zivame ukuveza ukuthi ukubonakala kwenkemba evelele phakathi kwe-millennium yokuqala AD.

Incazelo

I-Guan Tao - i-wide curve blade, etshalwe endaweni ende. Ubude ubude bufinyelela kumamitha amabili, isisindo saso sihlukahluka kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-8 kilogram. Ukubonakala kwengxenye engenhla yesikhali kubonakala sengathi inyanga ye-crescent, ngakho okokuqala yayibizwa ngokuthi "idrako eluhlaza ikrele, ukuvala inyanga." Eqinisweni, i-coupler iphethwe ngesimo senhloko yesigrako, okuyinto, njengokungathi, iyiguqula. Ngokwezinye izinguqulo, igama livela eqinisweni lokuthi ekuqaleni kwakuqoshwe umfanekiso wesigrako, okwakunencazelo engokomfanekiso. I-Guan Tao inomkhawulo ohlangothini olugobile, onokuhlobisa nokuzikhandla esikhwameni. Ububanzi bayo bungaba ngamasentimitha ayishumi nesithupha. Amathafa we-blade alungile ngokukhalipha okubukhali, futhi emaphethelweni anefomu le-wavy. I-blade iphakanyiswe engxenyeni ene-shank, ubude bayo yingxenye yesithathu yobude bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-clutch ene-metal ekhethekile ihlanganiswe emaphethelweni, okwenza imisebenzi eminingi: yenza uxhumano luhlale luqinile, lukhuthaza ukusabalalisa kwemithwalo yempahla, futhi lusebenza njenge-rivet ye-rivets.

Izici

I-Guan Tao ihluke kwezinye izimbongi ngoba ine-walindi ngesimo sombuthano noma i-polyhedron. Esinye isici esiyisici yisiphuzu esivumelwaneni, esetshenziswa njengesikhali sokulwa. Inkemba yayinomsebenzi wangaphakathi wangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, leli blade lalinamathelethi amathathu: owokuqala kubo waxoshwa ensimbi enzima, eyakha i-main main kanye nomkhawulo. Emaphethelweni ensimbi kwakunesimbi esincane, esasingenakulungiswa ukufaka futhi ukubuyisela kalula ukuhlanza ukungcola kwamanye amazwe nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwekhabhoni. Abanikazi baseShayina esiteji sokuqala somsebenzi kuqala baqinisa umthamo omkhulu, base bekhulula izingxenye ezihlangothini, okwenza isibhamu siphelele futhi sizinzile ngaphezu kokuqina kokwejwayelekile.

Isicelo

Umlando we-guan dao uneminyaka engamakhulu eminyaka ubudala. Lesi sikhali sasinamandla kakhulu futhi siphumelele empini, futhi ikhono lokuba nalo kwakuyibuciko beqiniso. Iqiniso liwukuthi lalilinganiselwe kakhulu, futhi ukuze ufunde ukuyilawula, kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuningi. Indlela eyinhloko yokuyisebenzisa empini ukuletha ukubhoboza okunzima nokuchofoza ngokuqondile. I-Technique yokushaya ngokumangalisayo yavela kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, lapho izikhali zazisetshenziswa ngabanye. Yayisetshenziselwa abancane ukuba baqede ukwakhiwa komkhonto. Ngalokhu, amasosha aseShayina, ahlomile ngenkemba, afana nama-landsknechts aseYurophu. UGarda wavumela ukusetshenziswa kwenkemba njengesikhali sokusika nokugwaza.

Izakhiwo

Izikhali ezibandayo zaseChina ze-guan dao zihlangene nemisebenzi yenkemba, umkhonto, ipulazi kanye ne-hooko, okwenza umlindi amsebenzise cishe angenakuvuthwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngisho namakhosikazi aseShayina ngokwawo akakwazanga ukwakha izikhali ezizozivikela ekubhebhethekeni kwazo. Izinkemba zempi zashaye amaqebelengwane emasongweni, ubuso, intamo, amadolo, kanye namalunga. Umngcele wokugqoka wesicathulo wenza isikhali sengozini ikakhulukazi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi ngisho ne-shaft yayisetshenziselwa ukulwa, ngoba yayinezinti ezikhomba. Umgibeli ngosizo lwakhe angakwazi ukushaya abaphikisi abaningi emncintiswaneni.

Ukuqeqesha nokusabalalisa

I-encyclopedia efanekiselwayo yekhulu le-18 ichaza indlela ozobhalwa ngayo amaqhawe kwakuzobonisa ukuthi uyakwazi ukwenza izinkemba nobuciko bokulwa. Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa uchungechunge lwezokuzivocavoca nge-dao, umnsalo kanye nama-dumbbells. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkemba yayingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-40. Njengamanje, lezi zikhali zisetshenziselwa uhlelo lweWushu. Ukubukeka kwalo kuye kwashintsha ezinye: ngaphansi kwesigqebhezana ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe ibhulashi noma isisindo sebhebheni elibomvu, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwesigawo kukhona izindandatho. Namuhla, izikhali zisetshenziselwa ubuciko bokulwa kweShayina nase-wrestling.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Phakathi kwabo, isibonelo, ukuthi i-guan ye-dao yayingaziwa kuphela ekhaya, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho, yayisetshenziswa eKorea, eVietnam ngisho naseJapan kude. Abanye ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi ukuklama kwenkemba kwakha isisekelo se-naginata ne-bisento. Futhi eqinisweni, uhlobo lokugcina lwesikhali lubuye lube ne-shaft, lapho kusetshenziswa khona umgodi ogobile onomkhawulo omude.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-guan dao yasetshenziswa kuze kube sekhulwini lama-20, njengoba kubonakala ezithombeni, kuyilapho emazweni aseYurophu ama-halberds nama-glefs ayeke ukuba khona ekhulwini le-17.

Okushoyo

Isizathu sokuthandwa okunjalo, mhlawumbe, ukuthi umlawuli we-Guang-Yu uyathandwa kakhulu eChina. Kuleli zwe, isibalo sakhe sizungezwe i-halo engokwenkolo: amathempeli akhiwe ngokuhlonipha kwakhe, isithombe se-commander siyisici esibalulekile. Konke kuboniswa ngalenkemba. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, lesi sikhali sabonakala siphumelele kakhulu empini. Ngokumelene naye, isitha cishe sasingeke sikwazi ukumelana nayo, ikakhulukazi uma sisetshenziswe ngabamahhashi kanye nabasosha. Kodwa futhi ekusebenziseni ngabanye inkemba nayo yenze ukuthi umninimzi wayo angenakuvinjelwa. Futhi nakuba ukulungiselela ukuhlala kwabo kuthatha isikhathi eside, kuvele kulungile. Futhi kwakungeyona izekile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ukuthi amasosha ngezinye izikhathi ayehlomile. Le nkemba isengozini ngoba, ngaphezu kokushaya, ingathatha izikhali zesitha.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi i-halberds ngokuvamile ivame kakhulu eChina. Unamagama amaningi nezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa i-guan ye-dao mhlawumbe iyithandwa kakhulu, ngoba ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa: ivikela umlindi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ilungele ukuhlaselwa nokuhlasela, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa ekunciphiseni Isitha. Ngokwezinhloso zalo, inkemba iyinhlangano yonke: umkhuba ubonisa ukuthi wawusetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekulwa, ngabanye nabamahhashi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda lokho okuyi-guan-tao, okubaluleke kakhulu kulo mlando wesiShayina, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokucabangela izici zenkambiso nemicabango yabantu.