Izibonelo izizwe Russia. Amasiko nemikhuba yabantu bezizwe Russia

Izwe lethu elikhulu, it is ehlala abantu abaningi abahlukahlukene kungahluka ukuphakama futhi ukwakha, iso ukuma nombala wazo, isiko kanye namasiko, inkolo kanye temdzabu. Izibonelo izizwe Russia kungaholela ngisho evamile isilinganiso umfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme, futhi lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba isifunda bomdabu sifundwa kuwo wonke izikole Russian.

Le ndatshana ihlose embule engcono ulwazi engaziwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ezithakazelisayo ngempela mayelana amasiko nemikhuba yabantu bezizwe Russia. Umfundi uzothola okuningi okuwusizo, ngawo kamuva kuyoba lula ukuqonda labo kanye, njengoba ubizwa ngokuthi Russian.

Eqinisweni, ikakhulukazi izizwe Russia (okungenani ezinye zazo, isibonelo, abahlala eNyakatho Ekude) angeke sehluleke kusimangaze ngisho abahambi onokuqonda kunazo futhi abanolwazi. Ngalolu futhi eziningi nezinye izinto okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Ukwakheka yobuhlanga sezizwe Russia. ulwazi olujwayelekile

Indlela enkulu futhi elikhulu leli lizwe nabantu ahlukahlukene futhi enamandla kangako abahlala kuwo. Shono umugqa kwakunjalo ezinsukwini zeSoviet Union passport "ubuzwe". Union iwa, nokho Russian Federation uyaqhubeka ukuba isimo zamazwe ngamazwe, lapho engaphezu kwekhulu abantu baphile ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esifanayo.

Ngokusho ukubalwa wayevame ukuqhuba kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi abantu bomdabu ezakha Russian azungeze 90% sabantu, lapho u 81% - Russian. Bangaki abantu abahlala eRussia? Ososayensi ethnographers baphikisa ngokuthi impendulo elula lo mbuzo ngeke isebenze, futhi imibiko yabo, bavame ukuhlanganisa lo bemdzabu yezwe eqenjini, budebuduze okuyinto wazwakalisa ngokwendawo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngamasiko futhi ngokomlando. Sekukonke, leli lizwe linazo ezingaphezu kuka-180 imiphakathi zomlando. Izinkolo nezizwe zala Russia nazo ekukhethweni.

Nge abameleli abaningi kangaka leqembu ngokobuhlanga zwe elikhulukazi, akunakwenzeka ukuba adonsele ukunakekela abantu encane kakhulu, ogama isiko nendlela yempilo ngokuvamile on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. amaqiniso Inexorable ezimweni eziningi kubonisa ukuthi isibalo amaqembu ezizwe, zazo iningi lethu liye ngisho wezwa, kancane kancane kuyancipha. Yingakho uHulumeni wethu uthethe ngempela isinqumo esinengqondo ukukhuluma mayelana amasiko nemikhuba yabantu bezizwe Russia ngayo esizukulwaneni esisha kusukela amakilasi kokuqala isikole esibanzi. Ekuqaleni, konke lokhu wakhonza ngesimo inganekwane legends, futhi kamuva, nge 7-8 abafundi ekilasini abajwayelene ngokwengeziwe indlela yokuphila namasiko.

Elaziwayo elincane izakhamuzi zwe elikhulukazi

Kukhona abameleli bezizwe Russia, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo ungazange ngisho wezwa. Ningakholwa yimi? Futhi ukuzonda ngesizathu esihle. Nakuba mangisho ukuthi eqinisweni zingabantu kancane. Incazelo izizwe Russia, ngubani ephethwe wokulondoloza isiko labo, amasiko, futhi okubaluleke ukholo nasendleleni yabo yokuphila, libanakekele ekhethekile.

Vodlozero

Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi Karelia echibini abantu abahlala noma okuthiwa Vodlozero. Nokho, kuze kube manje liye laqhubeka ezigodini ezinhlanu kuphela, abakhileyo efanayo, kunabantu akukho kuka-550. Abazali bazo bona babedabuka eMoscow futhi Novgorod. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu Vodlozerye namanje ngihloniphe amasiko Slavic. Ngokwesibonelo, emahlathini ngendlela ngaphambilini, uma hhayi ngaphambili ukushweleza inkosi yayo - devil. Njalo umzingeli kumelwe nenze umnikelo: ukuba baphathe efileyo njengesipho.

Semey

Izibonelo izizwe Russia kuyohlale kuntula uma ngingenaye kokukhuluma mayelana Semeiskie. Sinenkosi indlela yabo yokuphila kubonakala Ihlanganisa ukuphila bezikhathi zangaphambi Petrine. Lezi abameleli bezizwe Russia ezibhekwa kube Amakholwa Old, kanye ezindaweni neTrans-iBaikal esifundeni. Igama livela ubuzwe kwegama elithi "umndeni." Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu 2010, linabantu abantu 2,500. Abahlukile sesiko-mpilo labo zisekhona sasendulo, t. E. Little sekushintshile kusukela ezinsukwini zokhokho babo. Njalo ngonyaka kulezi zindawo edonsela ososayensi kusukela emhlabeni wonke ukutadisha izikebhe lezizwe yeRussia. By endleleni, hhayi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi emzaneni has amakhaya Semey namuhla babe eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-250.

Russkoustintsy

ukubukeka kwakhe isizwe ukweleta ukuthuthukiswa yeSiberia ekhulwini XVII. Izifiki ezivela Cossacks futhi ugu-okuthile abantu basemadolobheni abangavamile kanye wadala lapha amaqembu ase-yobuhlanga. Naphezu kwesimo esinzima lapho bona, okungenani ngokwengxenye, wakwazi ukulondoloza isiko kanye nolimi.

Chaldony

Yileyo indlela Siberians ngokuthi abantu bokuqala abahlala kuyo Russian kwekhulu XVI. Igama elifanayo siyinzalo yabo. Namuhla chaldonov indlela kakhulu efana impilo lwamaSlav ngaphambi kokumiswa amandla kwesikhulu. Ohlukile kahle yabo walowo ulimi, ukubukeka, isiko ngokuphelele ezingafikanga Slavic noma Mongoloid. Ngokudabukisayo, chaldony, njengezinye izizwe ezincane, afe kancane kancane.

Zatundrennye abalimi

Bona abhekwa inzalo ka-Eastern Pomerania. Lena abantu inobungane ngenkuthalo mbeni abanye. Basuke izimpawu isiko ngokuvamile esiyingqayizivele, ukholo kanye namasiko. Nokho, ngo-2010, abalimi ngokwabo ukuba zatundrennym zibalwa abantu 8 kuphela.

abantu ezisengozini yezwe: i Khanty futhi Mansi

abantu ehlobene Khanty futhi Mansi sake le abazingeli enkulu. Udumo isibindi isibindi wabo wafika indlela eMoscow. Namuhla, zombili lezi zizwe ivezwa izakhamuzi Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous avtonomnyy. Ekuqaleni, indawo eduze komfula ob ingeyamakhosi Hunt pool. izizwe Mansi waqala ukuhlala kuyo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, ngemva kwalokho waqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo sezizwe izingxenye enyakatho nasempumalanga yesifunda. Akulona ukholo ukuqondana isiko, ngisho nendlela yabo yokuphila kusekelwe ubunye nemvelo, ngoba Khanty futhi Mansi zenzeka kakhulu yokuphila ehlathini.

Lezi abameleli bezizwe Russia akazange abe nomehluko ocacile phakathi kwezilwane nabantu. Nature nezilwane njalo wema kwasekuqaleni. Ngakho, abantu benqatshelwe ukuba axazulule izindawo eziseduze isilwane owakhiwe futhi zokudoba azisetshenziswa inethiwekhi lincane kakhulu.

Cishe kuzo zonke izilwane ahlonishwe. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo zazo, ibhere wabeletha owesifazane wokuqala, futhi umlilo wanika Bear Omkhulu; i-moose - uphawu kwezomnotho namandla; Beaver futhi akweleta yokuthi kwaba sibonga kuye Khanty wafika imisuka Vasyugan River. Namuhla, ososayensi bakhathazekile ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa uwoyela kungaba nomthelela hhayi kuphela labantu kwama-beaver, kodwa futhi phezu indlela yokuphila kubantu wonke.

Huskies - northerners uyaziqhenya

Eskimo wazinza ku Chukotka Autonomous District. Lena, mhlawumbe, abantu esisempumalanga yezwe lethu, umsuka okuhlalayo impikiswano kuze kube yilolu suku. ukuzingela ezincelisayo umsebenzi oyinhloko. Kuze Maphakathi nekhulu XIX ichopho umkhonto inhlendla rotary ezenziwe amathambo babe amathuluzi esiyinhloko ukuzingela.

Kukhonjwa izibonelo izizwe Russia, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Eskimo neze abathintekayo ubuKristu. Babekholelwa imimoya, ukushintsha isimo somuntu, asho into yemvelo. UMdali enkulu yomhlaba yayisempini kubhekwe Sila - ngomdali umnikazi, ngokugcina iso on oda yokukhulekela futhi ukuhlonipha amadlozi. Sedna, inkosikazi ulwandle, wathumela Eskimo inyamazane. Imimoya eziletha amashwa kanye nezifo, kuvezwa dwarfs noma, kunalokho, imidondoshiya. Shaman, wayephila cishe njalo isiphetho. Njengoba umlamuleli phakathi komuntu imimoya emimbi, waphetha imifelandawonye ukuthula, futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile lo Eskimo bekahlala ukuzola nokuthula.

Noma nini ukudoba kwaba yimpumelelo, wahlela amaholide lokudoba. Futhi ihlelwe imikhosi yokudumisa kwasekuqaleni noma ekupheleni kwesizini ukuzingela. temdzabu Rich, engavamile Arctic Namasiko (umbhalo oqoshiwe futhi oqoshwe amathambo) waphinda ukufakazela ohlukile Eskimo. Impahla abantu isiRashiya, kuhlanganise nabo kungabonakala iminyuziyamu inhlokodolobha sika ethnographic.

Famous Russian reindeer - Koryak

Ukukhuluma ngokuthi bangaki abantu abahlala Russia okwamanje, ingasaphathwa Koryak abahlala eKamchatka futhi Peninsula Chukotka. Kulesi isizwe usenayo imikhondo Okhotsk isiko, okuyinto yayikhona yokuqala yeminyaka AD. Ngesikhathi impande izinto sezishintshile ekhulwini XVII, lapho kumiswa ubudlelwane Koryak-Russian. Collectivism - ngesisekelo ukuphila kwabantu.

sempilo yalelozwe elihlobene ne animism. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasakwazi isikhathi eside waphefumulela zonke-azungeze: amadwala, izitshalo, yonke. Futhi ngamasiko abo okwenzeka nemimoya. Wokudumisa ezindaweni ezingcwele, umhlatshelo, izinto isiko - konke lokhu ngesikhathi inhliziyo Koryak amasiko.

Zonke amaholide Koryak babe futhi zonyaka. Spring reindeer ukugubha izimpondo (Kilwa), futhi ekwindla - ngosuku lokuhlaba amaphiva. Emikhayeni lapho kokuzalwa kwala mawele, mina uhlele impisi iholide njengoba izinsana babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli izihlobo zalezi izilwane ezidla ezinye. Kuzo zonke izenzakalo ngokucacile ukubonwa ngenkuthalo ngokulingisa izilwane: ukudansa, ukucula. Eminyakeni yamuva, inqubomgomo ukongiwa kwamagugu futhi eliyingqayizivele amagugu abantu Koryak.

Tofalars - nokunyamalala isizwe esifundeni sase-Irkutsk

Incazelo izizwe Russia awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela Tofa, iqembu yobuhlanga lwabantu abangaphezu kuka-700, okuyinto limi endaweni esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi Tofa - Orthodox, nemilingo uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku.

Imisebenzi esemqoka balaba bantu - kanye nokunye reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya. Uma isiphuzo yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu ubisi amaphiva ukuthi ukuphuza abilisiwe noma ukungezwa itiye. Inqobo nje uma Tofalars hhayi babe ngabantu umzimba, emzini wabo kwaba eqhugwaneni oyindilinga. Muva nje, egazini lezithelo abantu silahlekile. Nokho, amasiko, amasiko kanye namasiko Tofalars lasendulo basekhona.

abantu abahlukile futhi uyaziqhenya - Archi

Namuhla Archi - iqembu elincane ezinhlanga, lapho ukubalwa kwabantu 1959 yayibekwe phakathi Avars. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu Eqinisweni ubunikazi kanye yokuphila olandelanayo abantu bavunyelwe ukuqhubeka ngolimi lwabo. Archi Modern ngihloniphe amasiko abo, abaningi kubo imfundo ephakeme. Nokho, izikole zifundiswa ngolimi Avar.

Yini Archi siqu Avar ulimi, waphinda kufakazela ukuthi basonta ezinkulu, isizwe ezibalulekile emphakathini. Impilo yabantu ayikho ngaphansi izinguquko emhlabeni jikelele. Youth akafuni ukushiya ngaphandle komuzi, imishado exubile - a rarity. Nakuba, yebo, kukhona ukulahleka kancane kancane isiko.

abantu Bangaki eRussia, amasiko amaningi kangaka. Ngokwesibonelo, sigubha ukunqoba, Archi akusho ukuhlobisa isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, futhi egqoke uboya capes nezigqoko eyenziwe ngesikhumba semvu futhi baqala ukudansa sihambisana akushinka zurna, isigubhu kanye kumuza.

Umthetho wokugcina abantu VOD

Sizoqhubeka ukunikeza izibonelo izizwe Russia. Inani labantu base-abantu VOD has ngokulambisa 100 abantu. Bahlala ensimini lamadolobha esimanjemanje Leningrad Region.

VOD - Orthodox. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, izinsalela ubuqaba kusadingeka indawo ukuba: ekuqaleni XX leminyaka laba kuyofikwa animalism - ekukhulekeleni izihlahla, amatshe. Lamasiko kufezeke ngokuvumelana izinsuku zekhalenda. Ngobusuku obandulela Ivan Kupala omlilo, futhi amantombazane athathwa ukuqagela. Ngezinye Osukwini luka-Eliya ayehlelwe amadili collective ukudoba isiko. Okokuqala babamba izinhlanzi ethosiwe, bese ngihlaliswa emuva emanzini. Ukukhetha naye drive waya ngokuphelele kwabasha. Sokuqomisana, kunokusebenza wamanje, ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: Eqinisweni, izembatho, umakoti nomkhwenyana benana izibambiso ugwayi, lapho matchmakers baye ngibhema ugwayi futhi babewadla amaqebelengwane.

Phakathi belungiselela umshado zingaqhubekela wezwa ukubangalasa isiko. Okuxakayo ukuthi la lomshado "kabili yaphela" kwaba ngekhulu XIX: emva komshado, umkhwenyana waya ukugubha yena kanye nezivakashi zakhe, eqinisweni, kanjalo umakoti. Futhi kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu XIX ngesikhathi somkhosi lomshado umakoti aphuce izinwele ekhanda lakhe, njengoba uma ebonisa ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sigaba isigaba esisha - esigabeni yokuphila kwasemshadweni.

Nivkhs - izakhamuzi eKhabarovsk Territory

Nivkhs - abantu, ise eKhabarovsk Territory. Inombolo ingaphezu 4,500. Kubonakala sengathi lokhu akuyona kangaka, kodwa, uma acabangele ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala eRussia ngaleso sikhathi, konke okushiwoyo, Une ukuqhathanisa, isibonelo, nabantu VOD. Nivkh kukhulunywa njengoba Nivkh, nezilimi Russian. Kukholakala ukuthi ziyizizukulwane zika abakhileyo Sakhalin lasendulo.

yezandla Traditional kucatshangwa ngokudoba, ukuzingela nokubuthanela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inja zizalela kwaba esinye salezi zifundo esemqoka ye Nivkh. Basuke ayisetshenziswa kuphela izinja njengoba imoto, kodwa futhi uyazondla, futhi bathunga izingubo zabo kusuka inja izikhumba.

Inkolo olusemthethweni - Lobu-Orthodox. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu XX walondoloza nezinkolelo zendabuko. Ngokwesibonelo, yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi bear. Bear Festival ubephelezelwa ekubulaleni izilwane wakhulela yezinyoni. Inhlonipho nemvelo, okunengqondo asebenzise isiphiwo sakhe ku Nivkhs igazi. temdzabu Rich, yobuciko neyezandla, nodokotela-mbumbulu namanje badlula umlomo nomlomo.

I kubantu bomdabu Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District

abantu abambalwa kakhulu ukwedlula Selkups abatholi lonke North. Ngokwe labantu, isibalo sabo sincane abantu yokubalwa kwabantu okugcinile 1700 kuphela. Igama abantu uza ngokuqondile yobuhlanga futhi lisho "ihlathi indoda". Selkups ngokwesiko wahlanganyela ukudoba nokuzingela, futhi ama-reindeer. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVII, okungukuthi, inqobo nje abathengisi Russian kahle ukumaketha, ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni wezandla, ihlanganisa.