I-Republic of Poland. Umlando Nezanamuhla

Poland futhi manje uhlala endaweni egqamile ibalazwe yezombusazwe, futhi ezinsukwini ubudala, ithonya lawo ezindabeni zaseYurophu kwaba okubaluleke ngisho nakakhulu. Izinto zesimanje Republic Poland umphumela endleleni uyibanga elide futhi uyakhandla yokuziphendukela kwemvelo esuka umbuso medieval esimweni yeningi e iYurophu enobunye.

Umsuka intando yeningi: zenkululeko nokuzibusa

Umlando Poland iqala emuva ekhulwini leshumi., Lapho isikhulu wokuqala Polish ngegama Mieszko wamukela ubuKristu. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva isimo lithole isimo umbuso uPapa, anamakhulu mahlanu inyunyana isayinwe Lithuanian ubukhulu wehlela emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama Rzeczpospolita, okuyinto ikhophi ye-carbon ulimi lwesiLatini futhi uhumusha ngokuthi "Imbangela evamile." Leli phuzu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda umlando okwalandela kwezintathu yePoland.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Poland ngokusemthethweni lobukhosi, akukho absolutism lapho ayikaze, futhi yimuphi umzamo imingcele inkululeko yanoma labantu basemadolobheni ihlangabezane ukumelana namandla.

Umthetho kaHulumeni okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa tycoons

Ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili zaphumela izwe akuyona elula - futhi lapha izinkinga zangaphakathi nezingxabano nomakhelwane. Nokho, kwaba khona-ke ukuthi umthethosisekelo lokuqala Republic Poland iye yemukelwa, okuyinto engena emlandweni wezwe ngaphansi kwegama "uhulumeni isenzo". Ngomqondo esiqinile, isimo wayengadlanga ifomu republic kahulumeni, kodwa e-Europe kwaba isipiliyoni kuqala codify umthetho ayisisekelo.

Lena isinyathelo wamavukelambuso ngempela kwenzakala ukumangala omakhelwane, eyavusa empini noMbuso isiRashiya, wanquma ukuqeda intando yeningi nascent.

Domestically, kakhulu, akuzona zonke zalujabulela umthetho omusha futhi, ndawonye, izikhulu basePoland baqala impi yokulwa uhulumeni yabo kanye Sejm - main umzimba omele yezwe, elalihlanganyela ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu.

Khulula Iningizimu Afrika iVangeli. Izwe noma Republic

izimiso republic Ngiqinisile ziye livikeleke umthethosisekelo isimo kuphela emva ukukhululwa umthetho Russian - ngo-1919. Ngemva Russian Revolution, amazwe amaningi ase of the Empire, aluthola ubukhosi. Mahhala Republic Poland umphumela ekumenyezelweni kukazibuse kanye ukwamukelwa of the okuthiwa Little uMthethosisekelo sisungula yomnyango kweNhloko Yombuso, kodwa ngokucijile kungagcini amandla akhe.

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, umthetho omusha eziyisisekelo kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu. Ngokusho ukuthi umthethosisekelo, Sejm yanikezwa ilungelo lokuzikhethela amandla enkudlwana, kepha amandla esiphezulu nguMkhandlu uMongameli WeRiphabhulikhi kwezintathu yePoland.

isikhathi wamaKhomanisi. Isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando entsha ekuthuthukiseni komthetho Polish

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, Republic of Poland uwela ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla eSoviet Union. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, futhi wazitholela sisekelo omusha, ukwesulwa, ngokwengxenye enkulu, ne uStalin. Nakuba lowo mbhalo futhi avuma amalungelo ayisisekelo esintu kanye nenkululeko, ke zaqhubeka ilungelo impahla siqu artisan kanye abalimi, kodwa ngokugcwele wonke la amalungelo ayikwazanga igcwaliseke. KuMthethosisekelo efanayo eseyiqedile ngokwahlukana yendabuko amandla ePoland on amagatsha, futhi wonke amandla ilungelo lokukhuluma egameni abantu uyasala yi Seimas.

Kwabe sekuqala inkathi entsha emlandweni Poland luqala ngemva ekucwileni ezikweletini-Soviet Union Warsaw Pact atheleka. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa, Diet zamukele sisekelo omusha, letawubhalwa esekelwe bonke esidlule esindayo futhi okungezona khulula.

Emthethweni entsha eziyisisekelo wawukwenqabela ukudliwa, ukuhlushwa, ilungelo ubuqotho siqu okufika kuqala. Futhi kwathiwa bangasephula ekhaya futhi izincwadi, okuyinto ngokuya amasu ukuthuthukiswa yesimanje futhi imizamo ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene ukuhlela i-surveillance all-out ezakhamuzi zayo, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile.

Ngo-2004, Poland ekugcineni uye Nokho izuzwe omunye imigomo yayo ebalulekile futhi wajoyina European Union, esaziwa, ubukhosi esinqunyiwe. Isiko umzabalazo ukuzimela ophoqelelwe osopolitiki wangabaza izinhlobo ezahlukene izinhlangano kanye nezinyunyana. Mhlawumbe yilesi sizathu esenza Republic of Poland ekujaheni ukungena nokusakazwa lwemali European futhi ivikela ngokucophelela zloty salo, esiwulwazi izindlela zokukhokha insimu yalo emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.