Iyiphi inqubo elungiselelwe isakhi isoprene

Kuyini isoprene? Ifomula jikelele enkompolo wemfanelo homologous uchungechunge diene hydrocarbon, has a Ukwakheka CnH2n-2. Sihlaziya ezinye izindlela sokulungiselela zamakhemikhali, futhi uthole ukuthi bangaki abantu abayozuza eziyisisekelo zayo.

incazelo emfushane Izakhiwo

Sibala izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ezingokwenyama isoprene. Lokhu diene hydrocarbon -toxic, has solubility azinakwa emanzini. lokuhlala High yalesi izidakamizwa nethonya kwezidakamizwa. Umkhawulo lokuhlushwa sivumelekile, ingozi kubantu, ubhekwa 40 mg / cm ^3. Nge ukwanda le nkomba kuyinto 2-isoprene-1.3 kunomthelela omubi psyche womuntu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ketshezi uketshezi oluyingozi kungekho nto enemibala emihle kokuba ongaphakeme ukuvala abacaphuni.

nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali Ikakhulukazi

Zinjani ifomula isakhi isoprene? izibopho ezimbili double zikhona indlela yokwakheka kwakwakhe organic. Bona njani eziyisisekelo chemical ekuhlanganyeleni ukuthi ummeleli diene compounds nezinye izinto eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili. Isoprene ngempela kalula oxidized emoyeni oksijini, lapho imikhiqizo ukuphendula kukhona peroxides.

polymerization

Shall ku polymerization of isoprene? Ifomula jikelele isigaba lapho hydrocarbon ine uhlobo CnH2n-2. Njengezinye amalungu uchungechunge homologous ka 1,3-butadiene, isoprene uyakwazi ukwakha kwakwakhe ephezulu yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

Lapho efeza inqubo polymerization kwetinhlavu cis futhi polyisoprene trans, okuyizinto analogue injoloba zemvelo.

Ukulungiselela injoloba yemvelo

Yini isoprene? Ukusabela ezenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo elihlobene ne ukuguquka monomer isoprene ku polymer - polyisoprene. Ukuze kwemihlambi iraba zemvelo kokuba isakhiwo esifana 2-1,3-metilbutadienom, isicelo latex ka izihlahla zasezindaweni ezishisayo.

I juice wafakwa ngaphansi ukwelashwa iqine owakhiwa sulphur chloride. Kulesi iraba chemical yokusabela ubamba ezinye sulphur, ezuza plasticity, kuyaqina. Umkhiqizo polymerization kwaba ezinzile ukuze lokushisa, amakhemikhali nolaka. Ifomula isakhi isoprene uchaza ukugeleza izici inqubo yokuhlanganisa.

Uma lokhu ukuxhumana chemical ukuthatha nesibabule uhla 25 namaphesenti angu-40, ingatholakala ebony. Lokhu into namandla high, isetshenziswa njengethuba elihle kakhulu impahla olubamba ukushisa. Ifomula isakhi isoprene owavela mbeni sulphur, alinawo izibopho kabili. Lichaza isakhiwo umkhiqizo futhi amandla awo lokukhanda.

Polyisoprene rubbers uthole yonke polymers asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni ndiza, imoto, ibhayisikili emakamelweni kanye amathayi.

Yini enye ukutshela kwesakhiwo ifomula isoprene? Umzimba womuntu ungakwazi kwalokho ukusabela izibopho kabili nge molecule galogenovdorodov, halogens, i-hydrogen, amanzi. Lezi ukusabela ukufakazela isoprene okuqondene isigaba hydrocarbon unsaturated.

Izindlela ukulungiswa yezimboni

Kukhona izindlela eziningana ukukhiqizwa yezimboni isoprene. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-ukusabela acetylene nge acetone ukuphendula kuhilela kumiswa metibutinola Lesisemkhatsini. Ngemva hydrogenation yayo, kulandele amanzi emzimbeni ka isoprene kukhiqizwa. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola 2-methylbutadiene-1.3 propylene. Lapho ukhetha catalysts singasetshenziswa esenezela njengoba izinto ezengeziwe ukuthola i-methane.

Ukusetshenziswa isoprene

Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi isoprene ekhiqizwa isetshenziselwa synthesis isoprene zenjoloba. Muhle ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali izici icishe lifane nsé ngezinto zemvelo. izicelo engeziwe we kokuqendwa kwakwakhe ephezulu yamangqamuzana ngokuthi womshini imoto amathayi.

Ngaphezu cis-isomer, phakathi imikhiqizo polymerization kukhona isomer trans, kokuba izimfanelo Gutta percha. Akanalo izicelo ezikhethekile ezimbonini. Lokhu kwaziswa polymeric ukudala ibhola for umdlalo we igalofu kanye ukwenziwa ukwahlukanisa izintambo kagesi. Phakathi ebaluleke imikhakha isicelo kungaba avelele isoprene zamagama materials polymeric akha styrene-isoprene-styrene. Imikhiqizo yalolu hlobo asetshenziselwa njengoba izinto Thermoplastic, inhlaka, ingcindezi ebucayi.

Isoprene iyadingeka ukuze synthesis butyl iraba, nokuqukethwe kwalo belinani kuziwa amaphesenti amathathu.

Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule e-United States uqalile ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano terpenes ingxube feed isoprene, acetylene, acetone. Ubuchwepheshe, ogxile le ndlela, uhilela esinezinyathelo zamagama.