Iyini i-GMT? Isikhathi sini? Indlela yokubala isikhathi kusuka ku-Greenwich

Kuze kube manje, kuzilungiselelo zekhompiyutha ze-Windows, indawo yesikhathi isethwe ngesifinyezo se-GMT. Kuyini lokhu nokuthi kuhlobene kanjani nesistimu yokuxhumana ye-UTC yesikhathi samanje? Sizokuxoxa ngalokhu esihlokweni sethu. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongenquma isikhathi esendaweni yendawo ehlobene ne-Greenwich. Kodwa sizozama ukucacisa lo mbuzo ngolimi oludumile. Okokuqala, udinga ukuphendula umbuzo: "Kuyini i-GMT?" Ukuma kwesifingqo kanjani?

I-Snobbery yaseBrithani

Ezikhathini zesikhathi esidala, yayisethwe emini. Lapho ilanga lisezingeni layo, okungukuthi, lafika endaweni ephakeme kakhulu esibhakabhakeni esibonakalayo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi laliyihora leshumi nambili ntambama. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuhwebelana ngamazwe ngamazwe, kwadingeka ukuba kuqondiswe isikhathi esimisweni esisodwa. Iphuzu lenkomba enjalo kwakuyi- zero meridian. Idlula eRoyal Observatory eGreenwich, ngaseLondon.

Ngakho-ke, isifinyezo i-GMT imele i-Greenwich Mean Time. Zonke izindawo ezingasentshonalanga yeGreenwich zihlehla ngemuva kwesikhathi saso, futhi lezo ezisempumalanga zingaphambi kwayo. Kunenye enye imeridi ebalulekile emkhakheni wePlanethi Emhlabeni. Lona umugqa wokushintsha izinsuku. Insimu, engasempumalanga yayo, iphila (ngomqondo wangempela wezwi) izolo. Ngo-1972, isifinyezo esisha se-UTC sakwa-GMT. Kuyini lesi sikhathi? Isifinyezo sisho "Isikhathi Esihlanganisiwe Sonke".

Izindawo Zesikhathi

I-metrology ekhuluma isiRashiya isebenzisa isifinyezo seSGV esikhundleni se-GMT. Kuyini lokhu? Izinhlamvu "Isikhathi esiphakathi sezwe" zihlungwa. Kodwa futhi, kusukela ku-Greenwich, asikwazi ukuphunyuka. Phela, izwe lonke libala iwashi kusuka ku-zero meridian. Uma ukugcina isikhathi bese unquma ngokuqondile isikhathi sephuzu ngalinye emhlabeni, udinga ukwazi ibanga elivela eGreenwich kuya entshonalanga noma empumalanga. Isikhathi Esivumelanisiwe Sonke (ngamanye amazwi i-UTC) sibonisa ikakhulukazi emini emazweni athile (noma izingxenye zalo). Uma i-GMT yisikhathi esingayazi imingcele yezombangazwe, izakhamuzi zesikhathi zivame ukusabalalisa kuwo wonke umhlaba (uma ungenwe kude kakhulu nentshonalanga kuya empumalanga). Ngakho-ke, i-UTC + 0 akuyona isikhathi ku- Greenwich Observatory ne-zero meridian, kodwa kuzo zonke i-Great Britain ne-Ireland, kanye ne-Iceland, iPortugal, iMorocco, njll. Kodwa iwashi ibalwa ngokuvumelana nesistimu ye-TCB ngendlela efanayo Ku-GMT.

Isikhathi sasehlobo nobusika

Emazweni asemaphandleni aphakeme, isikhathi sokukhanya sikuhluka kakhulu kuye ngenkathi. Ngakho-ke, amazwe asenyakatho avame ukushintshela isikhathi sasehlobo. Izakhamuzi zalezi zindawo zishintsha izandla zewashi isikhathi esingaphambili. Lokhu kwenzeka ngeSonto lokugcina ngoMashi. I-UK iphinde ohlwini lwamazwe enza isikhathi sasehlobo sehora. Kodwa ilanga langempela kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba libe selihlonishwa ngehora lesithupha ntambama, ngoba isikhathi esivamile kuGreenwich asixhomeki ngenkathi.

Amazwe alele eduze kwe-equator, lapho ubude bosuku lokukhanya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka cishe amahora ayishumi nambili, ungashintshi imicibisholo ngezikhathi ezithile. Bahlala njalo ebusika (yeqiniso) isikhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, iRussia Federation yanquma ukuthutha imicibisholo ngehora elizayo. Ngandlela-thile, elinye izwe, elisezindaweni eziphakeme, lenqaba ukushintshela isikhathi sasehlobo. Lona i-Iceland. Isiqhingi sase-siqhingi siphelela isikhathi sase-Middle Greenwich (GMT + 0). Ukukhokha cishe emayini efana, i-Great Britain ne-Ireland ebusika kukhona ku-UTC + 0, nasehlobo - ku-UTC + 1.

Iyini i-UTC ne-GMT?

Isikhathi umqondo othanda ukunemba. Ngezenzo ezididiyelwe zokuthunyelwa kwezinsizakalo ezitholakala amaphuzu akude eMhlabeni, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi mangaki amahora, imizuzu nemizuzwana kukhona. Futhi isidingo sokuba nesikhathi esihlanganisiwe sinabamemezeli bama frequencies ahlukene. I-UTC iyadingeka ukuze kutholakale izinga elithile lokuhamba nezinhloso zesayensi. Phakathi nekhulu le-19, abagibeli beBrithani Navy, umfula we-World Ocean, babalwa isikhathi ngo-GMT. Ehamba entshonalanga yeGreenwich, bathatha amahora amaningi, futhi empumalanga - baqhuma. Ngalesi simiso, i- globe manje ihlukaniswe ngamabhande esikhashana. Isibonelo, isikhathi se-Vladivostok sifana ne-GMT + 11, i-Georgian - GMT + 4, i-Hawaii-Aleut - GMT-10, i-Moscow - GMT + 4, i-Standard Standard Time (isetshenziselwa iNew York nezindawo zase-USA naseCanada esiseduze ne-Atlantic Ocean, futhi E-Jamaica, ePanama, eHaiti, eBahamas) - GMT-5.