I-Shukhov Tower e-Oka River: incazelo, ukuklama, umlando nesithombe

Enye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod yiShukhov Tower e-Oka. Naphezu komlando omude kakhulu wemvelaphi yawo, lesi sikhumbuzo esimangalisayo sezakhiwo zokwakha izimboni asizange sithandwe ngisho nanamuhla. Yini ekhethekile ngakho? Kunzima kangakanani ukwakhiwa kwalo? Futhi kwaqala kuphi ukwakhiwa?

Incazelo emfushane yesakhiwo

I-Shukhov Tower e-Oka iyisakhiwo esiyingqayizivele esingaba ngu-128 m high, esedolobheni laseRussia laseDzerzhinsk. Ngokusho kombono wabakhi, bekufanele kube yi-line ekhethekile yamandla nenombolo enkulu yezigaba kanye nezingxenye. Lesi sakhiwo sasihlanganisiwe kusuka ensimbi ensimbi ephezulu njengendlela yombhoshongo ophakeme. Umbukiso, ake sithi, amazing! Futhi unjani umbono? Ukubona nje ukubona!

Izici zobunjiniyela

Umbhoshongo waseShukhov oka-Oka, ozungezwe izihlahla, uvela kwelinye lamagagasi omfula emagqumeni asitshalo obukhulu. Ngalesi sisekelo sombhoshongo kukhona namanje isisekelo sekhonkrithi esiqinile futhi esilondolozwe kahle esingamamitha angaba ngu-30.

Ukunakwa okuhlukile kufanelwe ukuklanywa kombhoshongo, ngokuphumelelayo kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ngendlela yombuthano ohlangene noma i-ellipse. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ibanga elivela kwesinye isigaba kuya kwesinye lingamamitha angama-25. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma ubheka lo mnqamule usuka kude, kubonakala sengathi uphezulu kakhulu futhi ukhululekile. Uma uya esisekelweni saleso sakhiwo bese uyibheka kusukela phansi kuze kube phezulu, khona-ke uzoba nomuzwa wokuthi umbhoshongo ugoqa ohlangothini. Kodwa-ke, izakhamizi zendawo, lokhu kungumqondo omuhle wokukhanya. Nansi umbhoshongo ongavamile weShukhov oMfula i-Oka.

Yini eheha ukunakekelwa kwezivakashi?

Uma unaka isithombe seShukhov Tower e-Oka, ucabanga ngokushesha ngokuhlukile kwayo. Vele ubuke ukuthi liphelele kangakanani. Lesi sakhiwo esimangalisayo sibhekwa njengenye yezimangaliso ezivelele zobunjiniyela ezicatshangwa ukuthi zakhiwe ngaphakathi eRussia. Izakhiwo ezifanayo zingatholakala ngaphandle eSpain naseJapane. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalapho bebekwakhelwe emfanekisweni futhi kufane nalesi sigameko esiyingqayizivele.

I-Shukhov Tower yisakhiwo esihle kakhulu sedolobha, izivakashi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene eziza njalo ukuzobona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kwabo akukona nje kuphela isakhiwo ngokwayo, kodwa futhi yizwe elihle kakhulu elihle lapho likhona khona. Lezi zibhebhe ezisezingeni elimangalisayo, izihlahla, amahlathi nezinye izimila, ongakujabulela amahora. Kodwa uShukhov Tower yavela kanjani e-Oka? Yini eyakhelwe futhi ngubani?

Imibhalo esheshayo yomlando ekwakhiweni

Ukwakhiwa kwakhiwa ngo-1929. Yakhiwe yi-engineer owaziwayo kanye nososayensi uVladimir Grigorievich Shukhov. Ngaphezu kwalo mnqamulajuqu omangalisayo kwakhiwe amanye amabili. Kuyiqiniso, yilowo nalowo akakwazi ukuqhathanisa nalo mnqamulajuqu omkhulu, ngoba omunye ubude obungamamitha angu-20, futhi owesibili - m 68.

Zonke izakhiwo ezintathu zinekwakhiwa okubunjiwe kanye nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Lezi zinsizakalo ezinhle zamalayini kagesi, okukhunjulwa kwemibhoshongo yangempela ye-twin. Ekuqaleni, bavezwa njengamasekela ezintambo zikagesi eziswe zombili zomfula. Kodwa-ke, emva kokuqondiswa kwamanje kwashintshwa, isidingo seminye imibhoshongo yanyamalala yodwa.

Ngenxa yalokho, kunqunywe ukushiya kuphela enkulu kunazo zonke, kanti ezinye zalalelwa ukuba zihlakazeke. Kamuva kwaqunyiwe ukugcina lezi zakhiwo ngendlela yazo yangempela bese zibeka ohlwini lwezikhumbuzo zamasiko eRussia. Naphezu kwalokhu, abagibeli, abahlukumezekile emagugu amasiko, bamane baqothula imibhoshongo yomabili futhi banikeze imininingwane yezakhiwo esikhungweni sokuthola izitshalo ngokungenacala. Ngokombiko wendawo, lezi zihlahla zithengwa phansi phansi kanye nezigxobo, ukuphula ngokweqile ukwakhiwa jikelele kwesakhiwo. Kwaqhamuka ukukhwabanisa okukhulu, okwakubhekwa ngisho nezindawo eziningi zokuxhumana zaseYurophu.

Ngakho-ke kwasala ukuma eSubkhov eyodwa engavamile e-Oka. EDzerzhinsk, azikho izakhiwo ezifanayo, kodwa kufana neShabolovka eMoscow.

Imuphi isimo umbhoshongo namuhla?

Okwamanje, umbhoshongo uvikelwe yi-IDGC yeSikhungo ne-Volga Region. Kungenxa yobuholi besifunda kanye nabameleli bale nkampani esiye sakwazi ukufeza ukuvuselelwa kwesakhiwo ngo-2007. Kukhohliswa ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa ngokumangalisayo. Imininingwana yombhoshongo yayingabonakali futhi iqoqwe ngokusebenzisa i-helicopter, imishini nabantu. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, intengo yenkinga yomsakazo wokuqala yayingama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-54.

Phakathi nomsebenzi wokubuyiselwa, kwakhiwe kuhlelwe ukufakwa kwesakhiwo futhi inhlabathi engaphansi kombhoshongo yaqiniswa. Kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho isisekelo sakhiwo sasilokhu sakhukhula futhi senziwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yeqhwa, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nemiphumela yesimo sezulu esibi. Naphezu kwalokhu, izisebenzi zabhekana nalo msebenzi. Isisekelo sombhoshongo sagcina siguqulwa.

Ukwengeza okuhle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kabusha kwakungumalungiselelo we-promenade, eseduze nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele.

Ungafika kanjani eShukhov Tower e-Oka?

Uma ufuna ukuvakashela lombhoshongo odumile bese uthatha isithombe ngemuva, kudingeka ukwazi ukuthi ungayithola kanjani. Isibonelo, kufanele uqale ufike esiteshini sesitimela eDzerzhinsk.

Khona-ke udinga ukudlulisela ebhasini lokuhamba ngemoto enombolweni engu-105, usuka esiteshini sokugcina esiteshini sesitimela ukuya endaweni yeholidini. Okuqhubekayo ukusuka ekugcineni kufanele uhambe ngezinyawo. Ngokwezakhamuzi zendawo, umgwaqo ngeke uthathe isikhathi esiningi. Into esemqoka ukulandela ibhange elifanele le-Oka. Indlela efanayo ingenziwa ezimotweni zangasese. Ukwenza lokhu, ungakwazi ukuhamba phansi esiteshini ngendlela ephawulekayo yokungcola, egijima eceleni komuzi weholidini. Futhi kusukela lapho kuyiphonsa futhi itshe eShukhov Tower emfuleni i-Oka. Ukubuyekeza komsebenzisi kwalesi sakhiwo kungatholakala ngezansi.

Yini abavakashi abacabanga ngayo ngalokhu ukwakhiwa?

Njengoba izakhamuzi zisho, udinga ukuvakashela lo mnqamulajuqu oyingqayizivele okungenani kanye. Indawo emangalisayo idume ngemvelo yayo enhle, ubuhle kanye nomklamo ongavamile wombhoshongo.

Bathi kuphela kusuka kude kungenzeka ukuthi ucabange ukuthi isakhiwo siphelile, siphelile futhi siseduze ukuwa. Eqinisweni, izivakashi zitshela ukuthi, lokhu kuyinkohliso. Ukwakhiwa kombhoshongo kwenziwe ngezinto eziqinile futhi ezinokwethenjelwa, ezinokuvikelwa okujulile ngokuqinile, cishe nesiphepho somoya. Uma ngabe ume eduze kombhoshongo, ngeke uwele kuwe futhi ungawa.