Viola - kukhona insimbi yomculo enezintambo, okuyinto has a idivayisi efanayo nge-violin. Nokho, kuyinto esidenyana, sizwakale irejista aphansi. Viola amayunithi wezinhlamvu ubukele ngendlela ekhethekile. Ziyakwazi wehliswe violin yesihlanu, cello ngenkathi enothini ephakeme. Viola amanothi abhalwe okhiye zonxantathu alto.
Umlando nesenzakalo
I alt ithuluzi kubhekwe owokuqala umnsalo ekhona. ngesikhathi sako nesenzakalo okukhulunywe xv-XVI eminyaka. Leli thuluzi ngowokuqala sizijwayeze samanje ifomu suku. elaklanywa Antonio Stradivari wayo. Ngukhokho kubhekwa viola viola nengalo. Leli thuluzi esiqhutshwa ehlombe langakwesokunxele. Kuhle kokusho ukuthi oyisihlobo esiseduze - viola da Gamba wagcinwa emadolweni akhe. igama Italy insimbi yomculo kwehle nge isikhathi a viola. Ngenxa yalokho, liye lalondolozwa ngolimi lwesiNgisi. Ngo-German, futhi Bratsche efanayo wagijimela. I alt ithuluzi Wayilinganisa ngamamilimitha. Kunezenzakalo kusukela mm 350 kuya 425. Kukhethwa usayizi incike esingakanani ezandleni ngomculi. Kusukela eziningi violin viola kuyindlela enkulu eduze Viola, inikezwe usayizi umsindo. Ngakho uvele ngokushesha ababedlala izinsimbi, izwi Ngokwesilinganiso, wahlanganyela symphony liyavumelana kakhulu. Viola, ngaleyo ndlela, kwaba kwebhuloho phakathi inyamalala bomdabu viol futhi violin amathuluzi, nesuka ngalesi sikhathi.
imishini umdlalo
Viola - insimbi yomculo kudinga isu elikhethekile. Ukudlala ihluke nguye esivela violin. Umehluko endleleni umsindo. Le nqubo udlala encipha ngenxa yobukhulu enkulu kanye nesidingo elula enkulu iminwe. I ngamazwi ka viola - matte, awugqinsi, kancane elikhanyayo uma iqhathaniswa ne zonxantathu, Velvety phezu letincane, engenhla - acinene ngaphezulu. Ubukhulu wezinsimbi zomculo icala zomculo, angahlangabezani oda. Lokho-ke lwakha ngamazwi engavamile. Nge ubude esuka ngamasentimitha 46 kuya 47 e ithuluzi obuphelele has 38 -. 43 cm alto nge Ubukhulu ezinkulu okuyizinto eduze classical, ikakhulukazi kudlalwa abadlali uwedwa. Sinenkosi izingalo eqinile, kanye nobuchwepheshe athuthukiswe. Viola njengoba insimbi solo esetshenziswa kuqhathaniswa akuvamile. Iphuzu lapha yilona repertoire encane. Nokho, muva nje kwakukhona eziningi abadlali ezinhle viola, ezifana Yuri Kramarov, Kim Kashkashian, Yuri Bashmet. Ububanzi esemqoka yalolu insimbi yomculo umucu kanye Symphony Orchestra. Kukhona ozinikele viola solo iziqephu, kanye ivoti ophansi. Lokhu ikhibhodi uyingxenye ezidingekayo kumuntu quartet string. Ingasetshenziselwa ekamelweni ensembles ahlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, quintet upiyano noma yezinhlamvu trio noma quartet. Violist ngokwesiko ingane abakutholanga ke, bese uya ithuluzi esikhungweni yobudala kuqhathaniswa kwesikhathi. Njengomthetho, ngemva kokuphothula umculo esikoleni ngesikhathi yokwemukela somculo noma esikoleni. Ngokuvamile, ukushintsha Alto violinists nge Imizimba enkulu, vibration ububanzi futhi izandla ezinkulu. Abanye abaculi enkulu ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi amabili. Ngokwesibonelo, uDavide Oistrach futhi Nikkolo Paganini.
abaculi abadumile
Ithuluzi alto wakhetha Yuriy Abramovich Bashmet. Phakathi kwezinye abaculi abaziwayo abaye banikela bakhethe iqhawe lethu, kufanele kuphawulwe, uVladimir Romanovich Bakaleynikova, uRudolf Borisovich Barsha Igor Isaakovich Boguslavsky Vadima Vasilevicha Borisovskogo, Fedor Serafimovicha Druzhinin, Yuri Markovich Kramarova, Tortisa ULionel, uMaurice Vieux, Maxim Rysanova, Kim Kashkashyana, uPawulu Hindemith, Tabea Zimmerman, Dmitriya Vissarionovicha Shebalina, uWilliam Primrose, Mihaila Benediktovicha Kugelya.
imisebenzi
Alto ithuluzi-orchestra umsindo ku "Sinfonia Concertante" ngu WA Mozart, "Sonata" Niccolò Paganini, kanye Berlioz, Bartok, Hindemith, uWilliam Walton, Edison Denisov, u-Alfred Schnittke, GF Telemann, A. I. Golovina. Inhlanganisela nge clavier ezivamile M. I. Glinki, D. D. Shostakovicha, uBrahms, Schumann, Nikolaya Roslavtsa A. Hovanessa. Solo ungezwakala emisebenzini Maksa Regera, Moiseya Vaynberga, Ernsta Ksheneka, Sebastian Bach, uPawulu Hindemith. Ngaphandle iqhawe lethu Akenzanga ballet ngu-Adolphe-Adamu, "Giselle". Kuzwakala futhi inkondlo Symphonic Richard Strauss ' "Don Quixote". Bekungelula ngaphandle kwakhe futhi Leo Delibes ballet "Coppelia". Kufanele sikhumbule opera "I Makropulos Affair" Janacek. Kuzwakala futhi ballet Boris Asafiev "Umthombo Bakhchisarai".
ukuthi isimiso
Kukhona viola bahluke - insimbi emoyeni. Ibizwa ngokuthi Alto. Sikhuluma zethusi yomculo. It kungokwalabo emndenini saxhorn. Ibanga - A - es 2. Ngenxa izimpawu futhi zomile umsindo ububanzi bokusebenzisa kukhawulwe zethusi bands kuphela. Wayelapho, njengoba umthetho, agodliwe, izwi phakathi.