Italian soMthethosisekelo: Umlando kanye jikelele izici

umthethosisekelo Italy sika wamukelwa ngonyaka 1947. Yiqiniso, njengoba ingxenye washintsha - mayelana nanhlanu izichibiyelo ziye yethulwa kuleli eminyakeni yamuva. Noma kunjalo, amalungiselelo jikelele akukashintshi. Kepha-sisekelo yamanje, liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili kanye nezimiso eziyisisekelo nambili.

UMthethosisekelo Italy: amaqiniso zomlando

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi izwe kwathiwa republic kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kodwa ilungelo ngokomthethosisekelo e-Italy iye savela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka embalwa edlule. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi kwemukelwa okuthiwa "isimo Albertine" e 1848 ensimini ka uMbuso Sardinia. Kakade ngo-1870, ngemva ubunye okuphelele wonke amazwe isiNtaliyane, "Isimo" isibe uMthethosisekelo wokuqala kuleli zwe.

Ngokuqinisekile, sasisekhona lapho sebebuswa inkosi eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Kodvwa, uMtsetfosisekelo lokuqala e-Italy, futhi salethwa isiqondiso ezinye yeningi yentuthuko wezwe. Ukuvela ngendlela uhulumeni kwaphazanyiswa ngo-1922, ngesikhathi izwe laqanjwa le wobushiqela umbuso undlovukayiphikiswa, kuyilapho yombuso wema Benito uMussolini.

Kakade ngo-December 1925, umthetho omusha, sona sasungula amanye umbuso iqembu elilodwa wezwe, ama-za (umholi party) wedwa limelela ngqongqotshe kahulumeni. Ngo-1943, e-Italy, okuyinto osekelwa Japan naseJalimane wahlulwa eMpini Yezwe II. Sekuvele imfuneko zokuqeda umbuso undlovukayiphikiswa.

Ngo-1946 inhlolovo owawuse. imiphumela baye babonisa isifiso ukuqeda labantu kobushiqela, ngakho kwathiwa baqoqa ababamele Assembly, lapho isinqumo ukumemezela lizwe republic, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-June 18, 1946.

Umthethosisekelo omusha wase-Italy 1947 wamukelwa uMkhandlu ngevoti leningi. Ngalokho, uthi wajoyina ngemva kwezinsuku ezine - Januwari 1, 1948, futhi nakuba kusukela Charter usebhekene izinguquko ezithile, izici ezivamile ziyafana.

UMthethosisekelo Italy: umbono jikelele

Eqinisweni, le dokhumenti Político-iqukethe iqoqo imithetho, kuhlanganise nohlaka kwezenhlalo kanye zomthetho, izinhlinzeko zomthetho futhi uhlelo zefilosofi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, uMthethosisekelo Italian inezingxenye eziningana:

• kwesigaba ezethula "Izimiso eziyisisekelo", equkethe izihloko 12;
• main ingxenye "Amalungelo Imisebenzi Izakhamizi";
• main ingxenye "kudivayisi weRiphabhulikhi";
• iziqondiso zesikhashana futhi esingujuqu.

Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, bonke amandla sehlukaniswe amagatsha amathathu othi ejwayelekile:

• amandla Legislative kungokwalabo kuphela amalungu ePhalamende, kanye nemikhandlu zesifunda, kodwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ikhono lakhe;
• Amandla zokwahlulela athweswe weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo nakwezomthetho;
• Amandla esiphezulu - iyona akubona uMengameli naboNgqongqotjhe.

By the way, uMthethosisekelo Italian futhi ichaza ubuhlobo obukhethekile kuya eSontweni LamaKatolika: kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu lapho sikhona State Vatican. Emuva ngo-1929 phakathi Italy nowaseVatican IsiVumelwano sasayinwa kanye nesivumelwano (ingxenye Lateran Pacts): ngokuvumelana kubo iVatican unelungelo ebukhosini esinqunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuKatolika yakhethwa njengoba nezinkolo zendabuko zase-Italy. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokhu, uMthethosisekelo Italian ehlukanisa isonto kusukela isimo kanye ihambisana izimiso zokulingana bazo zonke izinkolo.